Role Of Inventories Research Articles

Why do firms extend trade credit? The role of inventories

Why do firms extend trade credit? The role of inventories

Nonlinear responses of crude oil prices to the US dollar exchange rates: the role of inventories

Nonlinear responses of crude oil prices to the US dollar exchange rates: the role of inventories

The Impact of Financial Accounting for the Hospitality Industry on the Financial Statements : Afield Study on Sample of Hotels in the of KSA

This study aimed at the importance of financial accounting for hospitality industry how they apply to the hospitality industry, and the responsibilities of a hospitality property's accounting department, advantages and drawbacks of various types of income statements, and the role of inventory in calculating profit. to research and greater cooperation among hospitality and other researchers the contribution to hospitality accounting and the broader accounting field could be significantly improved with amore in depth approach and greater , collaboration among hospitality and other researchers the contribution to hospitality accounting and the broader accounting field could be significantly improved . A significant hospitality accounting development over many years has been industry , notably hotels , restaurants and clubs in the United States where their first appearance , for hotels , was in 1926. In 1969 the UK produced the first of tow uniform systems for the hotel and catering sectors through. The study was conducted at the sample of hotels and it adopted the descriptive and historical approaches to collect literature review . It concludes that , Despite the increase in tourism revenues , management in the hospitality industry faces constant challenges for profit .

Comparative Reconstruction Probabilistically: The Role of Inventory and Phonotactics

I introduce a novel quantitative methodology for evaluating manual comparative reconstructions. This method is incumbent on the existence of a manual comparative reconstruction and, unlike previous quantitative methods, cannot give a result contradictory to the reconstruction. The primary goal for this framework is to reconcile traditional and quantitative methodologies and act as an objective and accessible platform for comparative reconstruction, thereby extending the scope of historical linguistics further into the past. A few theoretical corollaries of the framework are also presented. It is shown that the likelihood that a reconstruction is spurious is related to some of the phonological properties of the descendent language. This likelihood is inversely correlated with mean word-length and segmental inventory size. Additionally, most active phonological processes and cooccurrence restrictions in the language – such as phonotactic constraints, prosodic effects, segment harmony, and neutralization – all serve to increase the likelihood that a reconstruction to that language is spurious.

Шляхи управління земельними активами територіальних громад в умовах відкриття ринку землі в Україні

The delegation of responsibility for territorial development to communities has been an important result of decentralization in Ukraine, which requires a comprehensive approach to asset management at the local level. Land asset management is among the key and most controversial issues in this field. The article is aimed at determining the practical ways of managing the land assets of a territorial community in terms of opening the land market in Ukraine. The article focuses on the definition of practical ways to manage the land assets of the territorial community amidst the land market opening in Ukraine. The main problems that have become more acute with the intensification of land relations and the growing role of local self-government in the land assets management are argued, and the main ways to overcome them are identified. The role of inventory in obtaining complete and reliable information on land assets available in the community is determined, and the ways to increase the economic potential of territorial communities by identifying the cases of unauthorized land occupation, shadow land lease, non-use of communal land, use of nonagricultural land for agrarian purposes, and determination of unclaimed land shares (units) or land plots of deceased heritage are highlighted. The need to use integrated spatial planning of community development is revealed. Prospects for further research in this area are the use of the mechanisms proposed in the article for the development of territorial communities, in particular, with respect to the trends of decentralization and land market opening in Ukraine.

Richard Cantillon’s stabilizing market dynamics

ABSTRACT1 We consider a dynamic input output model that represents important aspects of Richard Cantillon’s discussion of economic structure and market dynamics. Merchants and inventories determine prices that diverge from (longer run) equilibrium. We contrast this stable formulation of price determination with an unstable benchmark specification in which variations in mercantile inventories play no role. Appreciated the stabilising properties of classical dynamics but did not isolate the influence of inventory behaviour. We briefly consider the role of inventories in macroeconomics, and note that balance sheet effects have rendered credit dislocations considerably more persistent than they were in Cantillon’s day.

DURAND NEIGHBOURHOOD HERITAGE INVENTORY: TOWARD A DIGITAL CITYWIDE SURVEY APPROACH TO HERITAGE PLANNING IN HAMILTON

Abstract. In the face of changing economies and patterns of development, the definition of heritage is diversifying, and the role of inventories in local heritage planning is coming to the fore. The Durand neighbourhood is a layered and complex area located in inner-city Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, and the second subject area in a set of pilot inventory studies to develop a new city-wide inventory strategy for the City of Hamilton,. This paper presents an innovative digital workflow developed to undertake the Durand Built Heritage Inventory project. An online database was developed to be at the centre of all processes, including digital documentation, record management, analysis and variable outputs. Digital tools were employed for survey work in the field and analytical work in the office, resulting in a GIS-based dataset that can be integrated into Hamilton’s larger municipal planning system. Together with digital mapping and digitized historical resources, the Durand database has been leveraged to produce both digital and static outputs to shape recommendations for the protection of Hamilton’s heritage resources.

PENGARUH SISTEM INFORMASI AKUNTANSI PERSEDIAAN BARANG TERHADAP PENGENDALIAN INTERN PERSEDIAAN BARANG PADA TOKO BESI DAN BANGUNAN SERBAGUNA DI AJIBARANG

This study aimed to examine the effect of variable X, namely Accounting Information System Inventory and Y is the Internal Control Inventory of Toko Besi dan Bangunan Serba Guna at Ajibarang. Based on the research results show that the Accounting Information System Inventory (X) is categorized either by value 3.79. Internal Control Inventory (Y) is also said to be good with a value of 4.11.Effect of Accounting Information System for Internal Control Inventory based research methods, namely, 1) Correlation, based on calculations between variables X and Y has a strong relationship that is equal to 0.750, 2) Regression, based on the data through a simple regression of Y = 0.327 + 0.895X which means each an increase of Accounting Information Systems Inventory role in Internal Control Inventory amounted to 56.30%, while the remaining 43.70% due to the influence of others.At the end, the authors expressed conclusions and suggestions to the company as an input. Although the Accounting Information Systems Inventory is already done well, the system implemented should always follow the conditions that occur at any time and be a directed preparation. Also, Internal Control Inventory is already good and sufficient, therefore, it needs to be maintained and enhanced in order to generate a better and more efficient Internal Control Inventory.

Examining the role of inventory in business enterprises: is there a paradigm shift?

Empirical evidence regarding the emergence of new inventory role in business enterprises is rare and confined to the work of Chikan (2009, 2011). No further research on the changing role of inventory is surprising given the fact that the sample of Chikan (2009) is small and covers only manufacturing companies. As such, this research contributes to the monological validity of Chikan's inventory new paradigm by replicating and extending his analysis using a sample from Egypt as a less developed country. Although similarities and differences were found between the results of this research and those of Chikan (2009, 2011), the general conclusion is that the findings overall support his argument that a new paradigm of inventory has not only emerged, but also become necessary for the analysis. In short, the new paradigm posits that inventory, as a strategic tool, plays an active role in attaining value creation, flexibility and control.

Explaining the Delayed Effect of Monetary Policy: The Role of Inventories and Factor-hoarding

This paper proposes a new model accounting for the delayed effect of monetary policy shocks on output. The key feature of the model is to distinguish a variety of margins (i.e., inventory adjustments, hours per worker, efforts and employments) on which firms adjust output in response to macroeconomic shock. When these multiple margins are properly introduced to an otherwise standard modern monetary business cycles model, the interplay between inventory adjustments and the one-period lag in adjusting employment can produce the hump-shaped response of output to monetary shock. Given the weak evidence on habit formation at household level found in Dynan (2000) and Flavin and Nakagawa (2008), therefore, this paper provides an alternative explanation for the delayed effect of monetary policy without relying on the habit formation.

Inventories of Asian textile producers, US cotton exports, and the exchange rate

The present paper develops a model with US cotton exports depending on the stock-to-use ratio, trade weighted exchange rates, and the relative cotton prices. The role of inventories in cotton consumption is examined in five textile producing cotton importers, China, Indonesia, Thailand, South Korea, and Taiwan. Cotton inventory dynamics is diverse among Asian textile producers. Relative prices have negative effect in all markets as expected. Exchange rate elasticities show that effects should be examined for each separate market. Changes in rates of depreciation also have stronger effects than exchange rate. Results reveal that these countries are not all that homogenous.

Planned spontaneity for better product availability

This invited article reflects the particular preoccupations of the author, which concern the parallel and connected development of academic models for managing inventories and their actual applications in industry.Some centralised production-inventory models that have been of service to contemporary business practices in decentralised decision-making settings are discussed here. I have limited my examples to those in which I have had direct experience. I have attempted to highlight four key points. (a) The strategic role of inventories in capturing revenue and market share, in addition to their traditional role as buffers, in our contemporary customer-scarce Schumpeter’s market. (b) Facilitating the acceptance of model outputs by decision makers across organisational silos and even across firm boundaries using management mechanics. (c) Development and use of a general-purpose algorithm utilising infinitesimal perturbation analysis (IPA) derivatives. (d) The emergence of enterprise inventory optimisation (EIO) as mainstream software.

Managing Storable Commodity Risks: The Role of Inventory and Financial Hedge

We study how to manage commodity risks (price and consumption volume) via physical inventory and financial hedge in a multiperiod problem (with an interperiod utility function) for a risk-averse firm procuring a storable commodity from a spot market at a random price and a long-term supplier at a fixed price. The firm also has access to financial contracts written on the commodity price, such as futures contracts and call and put options. We examine different cases of financial hedging, for example, single-contract and multicontract hedges. For each case, we dynamically maximize the mean-variance utility of the firm's cash flow and characterize an optimal integrated policy of inventory and hedging, which is easy to compute and implement. We find that as long as futures are used in each period, alone or not, the optimal inventory policy is myopic. The optimal hedging policy, however, is never myopic, but depends on all the future optimal decisions. This is contrary to findings of the literature using intraperiod utility functions, which finds myopic hedging to be optimal. Moreover, we find that hedging may lead to inventory reduction in multiperiod problems. Thus the insights from the single-period studies in the literature—hedging leads to inventory increase—do not apply. Finally, insights are offered on the role and impact of inventory and financial hedge on profitability, variance control, and service level, using both analytical and numerical results.

INVENTORIES, FLUCTUATIONS, AND GOODS SECTOR CYCLES

The paper looks at the role of inventories in U.S. cycles and fluctuations. It concentrates on the goods-producing sector and constructs a model that features both input and output inventories. A range of shocks are present in the model, including sales, technology, and inventory cost shocks. It is found that the presence of inventories does not change the average goods sector–cycle characteristics in the United States very much. The model is also used to examine whether new techniques for inventory control might have been an important factor contributing to the decline in the volatility of U.S. GDP growth. It is found that these would have had little impact upon the level of volatility.

Price Responsiveness and Stock - Flow Distinctions in Commodities

To establish stock-versus-flow orientations of a commodity, the mediating role of inventories in price formation is considered. This framework is tested by examining responses of COMEX gold, silver, and copper to macroeconomic news releases. Standard responsiveness-tests, which ignore the role of inventories, show gold and silver (our ex-ante stock-oriented commodities), exhibiting weak stock-orientation, while copper exhibits a flow-orientation. However, when the role of inventories is considered, the stock-orientation of gold and silver becomes readily apparent. Additionally, copper exhibits sporadic stock-orientation. Our findings which demonstrate the importance of recognizing these distinctions also have useful implications for market regulation.

Input and Output Inventories in the UK

What is the role of inventories in UK manufacturing? We present and estimate a model of inventories that considers separately finished goods and input (i.e. the sum of raw materials and work-in-process) inventories. Our results suggest that both types of inventories are used for production level and production cost smoothing. We identify a small but significant negative relationship between inventories and the real interest rate, thus providing support for one of the textbook channels of the monetary policy transmission mechanism. Variance decompositions indicate that technology shocks are the dominant driving factor behind cyclical changes in inventories.

U.S. Income Tax Accounting for Inventories

This paper is a chapter from a forthcoming third edition of volume 5 of Boris I. Bittker & Lawrence Lokken, Federal Taxation of Income, Estates and Gifts. It is a general description and analysis of U.S. income tax rules on inventory accounting. It covers general topics, such as the role of inventories in income computations and the requirement that some businesses use inventories in computing taxable income. It also discusses more specialized topics, including several variations of the last-in-first-out (LIFO) method and the requirement that securities dealers use a mark-to-market system for their inventories.

On the employment effects of productivity shocks: The role of inventories, demand elasticity, and sticky prices

Whether technological progress raises or lowers employment in the short run has been the subject of much debate in the recent years. We show that cross-industry differences in inventory holding costs, demand elasticities, and price rigidities potentially all affect employment decisions in the face of productivity shocks. In particular, the employment response to a permanent productivity shock is more likely to be positive the less costly it is to hold inventories, the more elastic industry demand is, and the more flexible prices are. Using data on 458 4-digit U.S. manufacturing industries over the period 1958–1996, we find statistically significant effects of variations in inventory holdings and demand elasticities on short-run employment responses, but less conclusive evidence pertaining to the effects of measured price stickiness.

Introduction to distribution logistics

Introduction to distribution logistics

The new role of inventories in business: Real world changes and research consequences

This paper is an attempt to formulate a new paradigm for inventory research, based on recent developments in business and the global economy. I begin with an analysis of the traditional paradigm as developed in the 1950s and its relationship to the economic and business environment of the time. Then, changes in this environment which have led to the characteristics of today's economy and business are described. Considering these characteristics, I derive a new inventory research paradigm. Several research areas—some leading to new directions—are identified on the basis of the new paradigm.