Role Of International Non-governmental Organizations Research Articles

Stratified differences: the mediation role of international non-governmental organizations

Since the end of the Cold War, the world has become increasingly multipolar, and internal conflicts have gradually become one of the main forms of armed conflicts in the world. In order to better promote world peace, it is essential to mediate conflicts through multiple forces. With the continuous development of international non-governmental organizations, the mediation of international non-governmental organizations has become the mainstream in this field. However, the statute of limitations of mediation by international ngos has always been a hot issue. On the basis of summarizing previous literatures, this paper classifies the conflict levels according to the bottom and top conflicts, and further examines the effectiveness of international ngos in regulating conflicts from the intensity and degree of conflicts, so as to judge whether international ngos can cope with crises in a reasonable way. Based on the analysis of the effectiveness of international ngos in conflict resolution and the current international situation, this paper puts forward corresponding suggestions for China to better participate in international governance.

War in Ukraine and the role of international non-governmental organizations in ensuring international cooperation of states in the field of health care

The purpose of this scientific article is to identify the role of international non-governmental organizations in ensuring international cooperation of states in the field of health care.
 The article focuses on the role of such international non-governmental organizations during the war in Ukraine: the Red Cross Committee, the World Medical Association, the International Pharmaceutical Federation, etc.
 International cooperation of states in the field of health care is a complex of legal means and institutions that the subjects of international public law - states - use to achieve common goals in the field of health care, which is implemented in the forms of multilateral and bilateral participation and is carried out accordingly to generally recognized principles and norms of international law. It can be carried out with the participation of both states and international intergovernmental organizations, but not international public organizations.
 The subject of international legal relations in the field of health care can only be that international organization that is endowed by its member states with special competence, defined in its charter. The term “international intergovernmental organization” is not synonymous with the term “international public organization”.
 The participation of non-governmental legal entities in activities in the field of health care does not contradict the norms of international law, however, they are not subjects of international legal relations in the field of health care, because they are not endowed by the states with special competence, which would be determined in their statute.

Bioethics and human rights: international legal regulation and the role of international organizations

The article deals with general debatable issues in the field of bioethics and bioethical law, discusses the guidelines of international organizations on the appointment, principles of organization and functioning of ethical committees on bioethics of various types. Short research includes a legal analysis of the activities of international organizations on issues of protection of human rights in the field of biomedical research. Analyzed and proposed сclassification of bioethics ethics committees according to the level at which they operate, according to the tasks to be solved, according to the level of coverage (national, regional, local), the degree of development of bioethics ethics committees in the Republic of Moldova. The role of international non-governmental organizations in the regulation of bioethical issues.

THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL LEGAL APPROACHES TO THE STATUS OF INTERNATIONAL NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS

In the article, some actual problems of the status of international non-governmental organizations in the theoretical and practical direction are extensively analyzed based on the existing diversity of opinions in the legal literature and international practice. The activity of international non-governmental organizations is already felt in various spheres of international relations, as well as having an important influence. Their activity is accepted not only by the international community, but also by individual states, and at the same time, it also leads to the quick resolution of relevant problems. Furthermore, the creation and operation of international non-governmental organizations are more convenient and easier than international intergovernmental organizations. One of the main features of international non-governmental organizations is characterized by their solving important problems of the international society and international law as a whole, and the activity in this direction is expanding even more. In addition, the role of international non-governmental organizations in the management of international society is strengthened, in other words, they act as the main mechanism of international cooperation and control. The article consists of several interrelated parts. In the introductory part of the article, the main research directions are defined. Then, the relevance, scientific novelty, and purpose of the research are justified by the main characteristics and new approaches of international non-governmental organizations. Then, a basic analysis of the problem is carried out. Finally, the article concludes with a presentation of scientific innovations and important conclusions. Scientific coherence and connections have been established between all parts of the article. What was mentioned was directly reflected in the scientific results. The scientific innovations and results obtained in the article can be defined in the main directions as follows: the need to adopt universal and regional international agreements related to various aspects of the activities of international non-governmental organizations; strengthening of international legal subjectivity of international non-governmental organizations in the system of modern international relations; further activation of the activities of international non-governmental organizations in the process of international law creation; formation of the role of international non-governmental organizations in the law enforcement process; strengthening of cooperation relations between states and international non-governmental organizations; the need to establish close relations of international non-governmental organizations with universal and regional international organizations; strengthening the role of international non-governmental organizations in the international control system; existence of international obligations of international non-governmental organizations; the need to adopt a universal international document in the field of international non-governmental organizations and the approximation of national legislative acts of states.

The impact of INGO ties on flows of aid for women’s health in the developing world

Recent literature on international development aid has emphasized the role of international non-governmental organizations (INGOs) in determining who receives international development assistance. However, few analyses have investigated the specific sectors of international aid and the influence of INGOs by INGO type. Using panel data from 94 countries from 1996 to 2015, this study tests the effects of general INGOs, women’s international non-governmental organizations (WINGOs), and health international non-governmental organizations (HINGOs) on the flows of aid for women’s reproductive health, family planning, and sexually transmitted diseases (STD) control/HIV/AIDS. The results show that general INGOs, WINGOs, and HINGOs are an important source of women’s health aid. However, the effects of these organizations are conditioned by recipients’ levels of political and economic development. These findings provide supporting evidence for the idea that INGO ties are important in women’s health aid, but also suggest that the size and significance of INGO effects should be considered cautiously.

Smart specialisation and INGOs in implementing the regional innovation development policy: legal and economic aspects

The development of states and regions based on innovation and knowledge is the main direction in the modern economy and law. The article discusses the main provisions of the European agenda for the strategy of «smart specialization», tools and experience of its implementation. The directions for the development of regional strategies for «smart specialization» in the EU and Moldova are determined. The important role of International Non-governmental organizations is in promoting sustainable development and regional economical development. They play an important role in the formation and implementation of democratic structures. They also play a serious role in economic development and promotion of innovations. The article concluded that the introduction of the smart specialization methodology in the regions of Moldova will have a positive effect on harmonizing the structure of the economy in accordance with the global challenge of accelerating technological development, if lessons from European practice are taken into account, such as the integration of regional innovation ecosystems into interregional and international context, strict consideration of local specifics and competitive advantages, which is achieved in close cooperation with the business community.

АНАЛІЗ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ТА НАПРЯМИ РЕФОРМУВАННЯ СОЦІАЛЬНО-ЕКОНОМІЧНОГО БЛОКУ СТРУКТУР ООН

The article examines the place and influence of UN structures in the system of international relations. The level of spread of the global problem of starvation was analyzed, and the share of starving people in the world by region was determined. The reasons and factors of the problem of the underdevelopment of countries are outlined in the context of the possible influence of UN structures on its solution, namely: the lack of proper incentives for the development and institutional infrastructure of countries, the corruption component in the activities of state authorities, as well as the concentration of power in the hands of a limited number of representatives of the elite, weakness of many political leaders. The criteria for the program approaches of the socio-economic block of UN structures to overcome global problems are proposed. The priority of the main responsibility in matters of development of the states themselves and their political leaders and domestic efforts over external aid is determined. The activity of UNCTAD, as an auxiliary body of the UN, whose main direction today is expert-analytical work, being characterized. The main task and areas of activity of the central body of the UN ECOSOR have been determined. This is the most significant authority of the Council, which can really influence the existing process in world development. The main task and areas of activity of the central body of the UN ECOSOR have been determined. This is the most significant authority of the Council, which can really influence the existing process in world development. Attention is focused on the role of international non-governmental organizations as informal associations of UN member countries at its sites, their regular participation in UN conferences on environmental issues, problems of sustainable development. The contribution of international non-governmental organizations to the expansion and promotion of democracy through election monitoring, human rights control, etc. was revealed. The current status of the UN and the socio-economic block of its structures is assessed as crisis and transitional, which leads to non-compliance with the requirements of the Organization's Charter in the course of its activities. Directions for reforming the UN have been proposed in order to raise the status of the organization's group of structures that are responsible for global socio-economic development. The ability of the UN to ensure the access of non-governmental organizations, states, and individuals to the multipolar world in order to implement ways to ensure peace and security has been determined.

Effect of Competitive Advantage on the Relationship between Strategic Leadership and Performance of International Non-Governmental Organizations in Kenya

In developing countries, International Non-Governmental Organizations (INGOs) have taken active and complementary roles in sustainable human development. Despite the role of INGOs in development, the issues of sustainability, availability of funds, and supportive leadership have remained a major challenge in developing countries. The concept of competitive advantage has been recognized as a central building block in strategic management and an important precedent to organizational performance. Competitive advantage is a deliberate effort by the organization to align its internal conditions and capabilities with changes in the external environment. This study sought to establish the mediating effect of competitive advantage on the relationship between strategic leadership and performance of international non-governmental organizations in Kenya The study was anchored on strategic leadership theory, upper echelons theory and resource-based view theories. For methodology, descriptive cross-sectional survey design covering 277 respondents was adopted. Semi structured questionnaires were used to collect data. The study findings indicated that data collection tool/questionnaire was reliable as Cronbach alpha was greater than 0.7 for all variables. The results indicated a significant mediating effect of competitive advantage on the relationship between strategic leadership and performance of international non-governmental organizations in Kenya. This means that the influence of strategic leadership on performance is indirect through competitive advantage. The study concluded that both competitive advantage and strategic leadership concurrently influence organizational performance positively. It is recommended that international non-governmental organization must be able to identify their competitive advantage. Keywords: Strategic Leadership, Competitive Advantage, Performance, International Non-Governmental Organizations & Kenya.

Nongovernmental Organizations and the Global Governance Institutional Gap

Global governance refers to global cooperation through existing and developing structures, groups, and initiatives, yet little academic research focuses on the role of international nongovernmental organizations in promoting global governance. Using Benet’s polarities of democracy as theoretical foundation, the purpose of this qualitative, critical case study was to explore why and how INGOs address the gap in global governance institutions in terms of humanitarian support. Data collection involved open-ended interviews with 12 members of an international, nonprofit service organization providing humanitarian support to a global community. Interview data were inductively coded and subjected to a thematic analysis procedure. Findings revealed four key themes outlined in this article and may be used to promote increased provision of global humanitarian support.

The Role of International Non-Governmental Organizations in Combating Terrorism in the Middle East

Nowadays, among the biggest challenges faced by the majority of countries around the world, particularly that in the Middle East is on how to eradicate terrorism. This conceptual paper investigates the domestic institutional context in the Middle East on terrorism and the strategic role played by international organizations (INGOs) on this matter. Also, this paper looks into previous studies to examine what could be described as government tactics to influence INGOs in combatting terrorism. This study is significant as it connects the investigations on terrorism networks in the Middle East, by examining international NGOs and suggesting an alternative theoretical framework that covers the extent and nature of states’ responses towards the threats from global terrorist networks.

Empirical Contributions of International Non-Governmental Organizations (INGOs) to Development: A Reference to World Vision HIV Programmes in Kenya

This study sought to examine the empirical contributions of INGOs on development in regard to health programmes by World Vision Kenya. Studies show that since 1970s INGOs have strongly been recognized as key Third Sector Actors (TSA) on development globally as part of neo- liberal policy. INGOs emerged in Kenya and became part of the development agenda from early 1990s. HIV/AIDS has remained a major setback to development in many countries with Kenya severely affected. There is limited evidence on the empirical contribution of INGOs to development through tackling HIV problems; hence negatively affecting future funding decisions and development operations of INGOs. This study; assessed the role of INGOs in development though economic empowerment and reduction of HIV prevalence rate with reference to World Vision HIV/AIDS programmes in Tinderet Sub-County. The study used Transnationalism Theory (TT) by Robert Keohane and Joseph Nye (1971) to understand the role of INGOs as transnational actors involved in the process of accelerating development through interdependence and cooperation with States to handle global problems. In this study, mixed method was used involving systematic sampling techniques to select 114 beneficiaries of World Vision and purposively selecting key informant respondents. The data collection methods included use of personal interviews, in- depth interviews, and key informant interviews. Both quantitative and qualitative approaches were used for data analysis. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 20) was used to run descriptive statistics and merged with qualitative data according to the emerging themes using illustrations from the transcripts. The study found that; World Vision empowered HIV infected and affected persons economically and contributed to reduction of HIV prevalence rate in Tinderet Sub- County. The study concluded that INGOs have a role in development by addressing negative effect on health. Keywords: INGOs,Transnationalism,World Vision,MNCs,TNCs. DOI: 10.7176/IAGS/83-03 Publication date: June 30 th 2020

Turning Toward the Sun: A Cross-National Analysis of Solar Energy Generation

Anthropogenic climate change has provoked worldwide responses to address existing and impending dangers to the natural world and society. The rapid expansion of solar energy in recent decades has emerged as a viable alternative for generating electricity and is largely responsible for the steady growth in overall renewable energy expansion worldwide. In this paper, I examine factors influencing the rise in solar energy generation, cross-nationally from 2000 through 2016. Using Fixed Effects (FE) panel regression analysis with a lagged dependent variable, I test variables associated with ecological modernization theory, aspects of the world economy and foreign direct investment dependence, and assertions of world society theory and the role of international nongovernmental organizations in spreading global environmentalism. Findings for the analysis are consistent with previous studies focusing on the global environmental regime and the spread of environmentalism worldwide in influencing country-level behavior in relation to the environment. As energy demands worldwide soar, the implications of these findings point to how integration within the global civil society has the potential to influence remediation of environmental issues due to climate change.

The Role of International Non-governmental Organisations in International Politics

For centuries, international politics was considered as an arena of the states. However, with the rise of the free-market economy, globalisation, international institutions and technology, many non-state actors such as international non-governmental organisations (INGOs) started sharing the power corridors along with the states. Contemporary academic literature cites many examples where INGOs has played important roles in decision-making processes. The flow of development aid from developed countries to the developing countries through INGOs has enhanced their role in international development. Similarly, many developing countries started outsourcing social services such as health and education to INGOs. International laws, on one hand, protect INGOs to mobilise additional financial resources from developed states. INGOs contributed to humanitarian diplomacy especially in climate change and banning landmines. INGOs also face some criticism in terms of poor accountability and legitimacy. Southern countries sometimes perceive INGOs as carriers and promoters of western liberal agenda.

NGOs and West European Migration Governance (1860s until Present): Introduction to a Special Issue

Social and political scientists are involved in an extensive but inconclusive debate about the role of international nongovernmental organisations (NGOs) in European migration governance. The European Union (EU) and NGOs work under the assumption that NGOs are crucial to migration governance and yet the role of NGOs is not clear. The EU has invested time and money in its attempts to involve NGOs more actively in migration governance, but it does so without much knowledge of how ngos in the past have influenced migration governance, and thus with no idea if the current investments are worthwhile. In this article, which is the introduction to the special issue on this subject, we take a closer look at the NGOs involved in West European migration in the period from the 1860s until the present day in order to understand the changing role of NGOs in migration governance in Europe. Providing moral, logistical and expert authority in a purportedly impartial way, NGOs have added a dimension to migration governance that states cannot replicate. As a result, the number of NGOs has gradually increased and at times their influence has become significant. However, in providing a chronology of the involvement of NGOs in migration governance, we show that their influence on migration governance policies and practices has not been linear. During some windows of opportunity (e.g. in the immediate years following the First and Second World Wars and the Cold War), NGOs became more prominent and effective, while at other times (e.g. the 1930s), their importance waned. The presence and capacity of NGOs to contribute to migration governance depended on whether states, and increasingly after 1945, intergovernmental organisations such as the UN, needed them to further their own interests or to fulfil a role that they could not play.

The Role of International Non-governmental Organizations (NGO) in preserving international peace and security

The Role of International Non-governmental Organizations (NGO) in preserving international peace and security

External Interventions and the Rehabilitations of Internally Displaced Persons in Adamawa State: the role of International Non-Governmental Organizations

External Interventions and the Rehabilitations of Internally Displaced Persons in Adamawa State: the role of International Non-Governmental Organizations

The role of international non-governmental organizations in service delivery for orphans and abandoned children in China

This article examines the role of international non-governmental organizations (INGOs) in social welfare provision in addressing the developmental and material needs of orphans in rural China. Data from qualitative interviews with INGO representatives and state officials were combined with documentary analysis to investigate the ways in which the state and civil society respond to orphans’ needs. It was found that while INGOs are actively contributing to the social provision of orphans, in part reflecting the pluralization of welfare, there is an urgent need for the Chinese government to play a more proactive role in safeguarding the care and protection of one of China’s most vulnerable population groups.

Effect of Global Fertility and Cultural Transition on Population Health: A Test of Competing Perspectives

In this study, a crucial test of competing perspectives on structural determinants of population health has been conducted using the latest available data. These competing perspectives include income inequality thesis on income inequality as an unfavorable condition for population health, world polity theory on the role of international nongovernmental organizations as a favorable condition for population health, and importantly, a newly-formulated demographic transition thesis on how demographic transition as re-conceptualized as global fertility and cultural transition in creating favorable conditions for promoting population health. A panel analysis using random effects modeling and cross-tabulation for 65 less-developed countries over the period 1990-2010 strongly confirms the robust impact of global fertility and cultural transition on all indicators and an index of favorable conditions for population health and subsequent outcomes of population health, even controlling for the favorable condition effect of international nongovernmental organizations and the unfavorable condition effect of income inequality. Along with the process of the demographic transition, the index of favorable conditions for population health can be further applied to population health efforts and effectiveness evaluation (PHEEE) for less developed countries to gauge and predict health-related outcomes. Theoretical, empirical, and policy implications are further discussed.

The precariousness of the franchise state: Voluntary sector health services and international NGOs in Tanzania, 1960s – mid-1980s

This paper challenges conventional narratives on the role of international non-governmental organisations (INGOs) in the delivery of health services in Tanzania. Adopting an historical gaze which focuses on the 1960s to mid-1980s the paper argues that the ‘franchise state’ in the Tanzanian health system was not created by collusion between international donors and INGOs, underpinned by a set of health sector reforms that advocated the use of non-state actors; but was rather the legacy of the colonial health system bequeathed to the post-independence state. It was a system in which voluntary non-state actors (but, importantly, not INGOs) were already entrenched as key providers; and in which many of the features of the franchise state – fragmentation, structural weaknesses, lack of accountability to users – were already long established. But if INGOs did not create these features, as their critics attest, they did contribute to the maintenance and extension of these features. The short-term perspectives of NGOs, their small-scale piecemeal engagement, and the extra demands they placed upon their voluntary actor partners, left little scope for the development of sustainable, national and accountable solutions to the health needs of the country. In exploring these ideas, the paper contributes to a more nuanced understanding of the path dependency that created Tanzania's health system. The analysis also contributes to a deepening of the understanding of the make-up of the voluntary sector beyond a narrow gaze on the institution of the INGO.

A global framework for integrating community-based maternal, newborn, and child health strategies into existing health systems: revaluing the role of international non-governmental organizations

This study aims to: demonstrate that international non-governmental organizations (INGOs) play a strategic role in the large-scale impact of community-based maternal newborn and child health (MNCH) initiatives; introduce a novel conceptual framework that depicts three primary pathways through which INGOs catalyze the integration of community-based approaches to improving MNCH at the district national and global levels; illustrate the practical application of these three pathways through six case studies from multiple INGOs; and deduce the primary drivers that were found to be critical for successful INGO integration. (Excerpts]