Role Of Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Research Articles

Cancer and Hidradenitis Suppurativa

Hidradenitis suppurativa patients have an increased risk of developing cancer. This includes not only hematologic malignancies and solid tumors, but also cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma originating within the hidradenitis suppurativa lesions. The development of squamous cell carcinoma is most commonly associated with Caucasian men who smoke and have severe gluteal or perianal lesions of more than 25 years duration. Other factors that have occasionally been associated with hidradenitis suppurativa-related squamous cell carcinoma include treatment with a tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitor (such as infliximab and adalimumab), genodermatoses (such as keratitis-ichthyosis-deafness syndrome and Dowling-Degos disease), and paraneoplastic syndromes (such as hypercalcemia, hypercalcemia-leukocytosis, and paraneoplastic neuropathy). The tumor may demonstrate the presence of human papillomavirus; even after treatment, patients have a poor prognosis since cancer metastasis, or recurrence, or both commonly occurs. The potential role of human papillomavirus vaccination for cancer prevention and early treatment of squamous cell carcinoma with targeted therapy (with an epidermal growth factor inhibitor such as cetuximab) and/or checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy (such as cemiplimab and pembrolizumab) remains to be determined. Rarely, hidradenitis suppurativa lesions have mimicked cutaneous metastases in patients with visceral malignancy by demonstrating an increased uptake of fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose on positron emission tomography and/or computerized tomography scans. Also, both primary cancers (such as cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and mucinous adenocarcinoma) and breast cancer skin metastases can masquerade as hidradenitis suppurativa lesions. Therefore, when a lesion is located at a current or prior site of hidradenitis suppurativa that is new or rapidly growing and/or does not respond to hidradenitis suppurativa-directed therapy, prompt evaluation to establish or exclude the diagnosis of cancer should be considered.

Human papillomaviruses and breast cancer: A systematic review and meta‑analysis.

Breast cancer (BC) is the leading malignancy worldwide. The association between human papillomavirus (HPV) and BC is debatable. The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the prevalence of HPV DNA in malignant breast tumors. An extensive search of the PubMed and SCOPUS databases was carried out for case-control studies published between January 1, 2003 and January 7, 2023, which compared HPV DNA detection in breast tissue specimens of female patients with BC and women with absent or benign breast disorders. Once the initial title/abstract screening was completed by two independent investigators, the full texts of the included studies from that stage were reviewed by the aforementioned investigators to determine if they should be included in the present study. Data extraction was independently conducted by two investigators. A third investigator was consulted to resolve disagreements through free discussion. MedCalc was used for quantitative synthesis. The significance of association was estimated by pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) calculated using the random-effects model. A total of 23 primary studies, including 3,243 subjects (2,027 patients and 1,216 controls), were eligible for quantitative analysis. HPV prevalence in patients with BC and controls was 21.95 and 8.96%, respectively. The prevalence of HPV differed significantly between the two groups (OR 3.83; 95% CI 2.03-7.25; P<0.01). Heterogeneity among studies was quantified using the I2 index which was 69.57% (95% CI 51.89-80.75). The risk of bias was assessed using an appropriate tool contributed by the CLARITY Group at McMaster University. Seven studies had a low risk of bias, 15 studies had a moderate risk of bias and only one study had a serious risk of bias. These results reinforce the hypothesis that HPV is involved in BC development and progression, indicating a possible role of HPV vaccination in BC prevention.

From Diagnosis to Treatment: Exploring the Latest Management Trends in Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia.

Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) stands as a precancerous condition with the potential to progress to invasive cervical cancer. This comprehensive review explores the intricacies of CIN management, beginning with its definition, classification, and etiology. It emphasizes the significance of early detection and outlines the latest trends in diagnosis, including Pap smears, human papillomavirus (HPV) testing, and colposcopy. Grading and staging, pivotal in treatment selection, are elucidated. Current management approaches, encompassing watchful waiting, surgical interventions, emerging minimally invasive techniques, and immunotherapy, are detailed. The factors influencing treatment decisions, informed consent, and patient education are discussed. Potential complications following treatment, the importance of long-term follow-up, and the role of HPV vaccination in prevention are underscored. Finally, the review looks to the future, discussing advances in detection, novel treatments, and the promise of precision medicine. In conclusion, early detection and management remain the cornerstone of CIN care, offering hope for a future where cervical cancer is a preventable and treatable condition.

Role of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination for Prevention of Male Infertility

Role of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination for Prevention of Male Infertility

Anal Cancer and Anal Cancer Screening.

This chapter provides an overview of anal cancer and contemporary approaches for anal precancer detection, beginning with a discussion of the biology and natural history of anal squamous cell carcinoma, the predominant human papillomavirus -associated histologic subtype of anal cancer. This section is followed by a description of the epidemiology of anal cancer, including trends in incidence and mortality, a discussion of populations with elevated risk for anal cancer and an overview of associated risk factors. The remainder of the chapter provides the most up-to-date evidence on tools and approaches for anal cancer prevention, screening, and early detection; including, the role of human papillomavirus vaccination for primary prevention; anal cytology, high resolution anoscopy and novel biomarkers for secondary prevention; and digital anal-rectal examination for early detection.

Vaccination against human papillomavirus after adjuvant therapy of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

Background. The relevance of the problem is supported by the lack of effective secondary prevention measures against human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer. The only currently verified treatment for lower genital neoplasia is destructive therapy, with the recurrence rate of viral infection remaining quite high even after such interventions. The preventive role of HPV vaccine at pre-existing cervical lesions is actively debated worldwide, but the evidence remains scattered and contradictory. The present study surveys the scientific publications available that evaluate the efficacy of human papillomavirus vaccination as a secondary prevention measure against related cervical pathology.Objectives. An evidence survey on the efficacy of adjuvant vaccination against human papillomavirus in patients undergoing destructive therapy for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.Methods. We have conducted a 10 year-depth review of scientific literature on the adjuvant human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination efficacy for reducing the recurrence risk of precancerous cervical neoplasia. The results are presented in form of the difference of mean or pooled 95% confidence-interval odds ratios (OR; 95% CI). Statistical analyses were conducted with Review Manager v. 5.4 (The Cochrane Collaboration, 2020).Results. Thirteen Russian- and English-language studies were selected for final analysis. A total of 21,702 cervical dysplasia patients were included: 5,941 (27.4%) received a perioperative HPV vaccine, while 15,761 (72.6%) only had surgical treatment. Recurrences of CIN I (mild cervical intraepithelial neoplasia; OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.27–0.73; p = 0.001) and CIN II (moderate cervical intraepithelial neoplasia; OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.20–0.52; p &lt;0.0001) were lower in the vaccinated vs. unvaccinated cohort.Conclusion. Adjuvant HPV vaccination associates with a lower risk of recurrence in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Further research is necessary to shed more light on the role of human papillomavirus vaccination as a secondary prevention measure against its associated lesions.

HPV Vaccination after Primary Treatment of HPV-Related Disease across Different Organ Sites: A Multidisciplinary Comprehensive Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: To assess evidence on the efficacy of adjuvant human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in patients treated for HPV-related disease across different susceptible organ sites. Methods: A systematic review was conducted to identify studies addressing the efficacy of adjuvant HPV vaccination on reducing the risk of recurrence of HPV-related preinvasive diseases. Results were reported as mean differences or pooled odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results: Sixteen studies were identified for the final analysis. Overall, 21,472 patients with cervical dysplasia were included: 4132 (19.2%) received the peri-operative HPV vaccine, while 17,340 (80.8%) underwent surgical treatment alone. The recurrences of CIN 1+ (OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.27 to 0.73; p = 0.001), CIN 2+ (OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.20 to 0.52; p < 0.0001), and CIN 3 (OR 0.28, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.59; p = 0.0009) were lower in the vaccinated than in unvaccinated group. Similarly, adjuvant vaccination reduced the risk of developing anal intraepithelial neoplasia (p = 0.005) and recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (p = 0.004). No differences in anogenital warts and vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia recurrence rate were observed comparing vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals. Conclusions: Adjuvant HPV vaccination is associated with a reduced risk of CIN recurrence, although there are limited data regarding its role in other HPV-related diseases. Further research is warranted to shed more light on the role of HPV vaccination as adjuvant therapy after primary treatment.

Reducing Poverty-Related Disparities in Cervical Cancer: The Role of HPV Vaccination.

Near elimination of cervical cancer in the United States is possible in coming decades, yet inequities will delay this achievement for some populations. We sought to explore the effects of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination on disparities in cervical cancer incidence between high- and low-poverty U.S. counties. We calibrated a dynamic simulation model of HPV infection to reflect average counties in the highest and lowest quartile of poverty (percent of population below federal poverty level), incorporating data on HPV prevalence, cervical cancer screening, and HPV vaccination. We projected cervical cancer incidence through 2070, estimated absolute and relative disparities in incident cervical cancer for high- versus low-poverty counties, and compared incidence with the near-elimination target (4 cases/100,000 women annually). We estimated that, on average, low-poverty counties will achieve near-elimination targets 14 years earlier than high-poverty counties (2029 vs. 2043). Absolute disparities by county poverty will decrease, but relative differences are estimated to increase. We estimate 21,604 cumulative excess cervical cancer cases in high-poverty counties over the next 50 years. Increasing HPV vaccine coverage nationally to the Healthy People 2020 goal (80%) would reduce excess cancer cases, but not alter estimated time to reach the near-elimination threshold. High-poverty U.S. counties will likely be delayed in achieving near-elimination targets for cervical cancer and as a result will experience thousands of potentially preventable cancers. Alongside vaccination efforts, it is important to address the role of social determinants and health care access in driving persistent inequities by area poverty.

Incidence and risk factors for HPV-associated cancers in women with end-stage renal disease

Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes the majority of cervical, anal/rectal, and oropharyngeal cancers in women. End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is also associated with an increased risk of malignancy, but the incidence...

The role of HPV vaccination as a cancer prevention agent.

e13566 Background: Human papilloma virus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted agent and has extensive association with many malignancies such as cervical, vaginal, vulvar, penile, and head and neck cancers. Vaccination helps prevent sexually transmitted diseases due to HPV. In addition, it provides protection against cancers caused by persistent, high-risk HPV infection in both male and female. Methods: Data collected from the medical records of patients diagnosed with anogenital, and head and neck cancers during 2017-2019 were studied retrospectively and the association of HPV infection was analyzed. Results: There were thirty-three cases of anogenital, and head and neck cancers diagnosed during the study period. The following were the occurrences: penile cancer 1, anal cancer 4, cervical/uterine/vaginal cancers 10, and head and neck cancer including tonsil, base of tongue, vocal cord, and glottis 18. HPV status was available in twenty-six (79%) patients. Fourteen patients were positive for high-risk 16/18 HPV strain, twelve were HPV negative, and HPV status was unknown for seven patients. Most of the patients were smokers and none of them had received HPV vaccination. The patients were treated appropriately with chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery. Conclusions: Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection type 16/18 is the most common sexually transmitted infection associated with significant anogenital and head and neck cancers.Vaccinations protect against persistent, high-risk HPV infection that may lead to malignancies. However, the HPV vaccination initiation and completion rates are only 41.7% and 21.6% respectively in males, and 60% and 39.7% respectively in females. The lack of opportunity does not appear to be a major reason for this low coverage. Some of the barriers for low adoption of HPV vaccination were concern about vaccine safety (70%), lack of knowledge about HPV related diseases (56%), very young to vaccinate (56%), fear of riskier sexual behavior (56%), and reluctance as not being included in the required immunization schedule (71%). In addition, several people refused HPV vaccination due to misinformation in social media. The primary purpose of HPV vaccination is to help prevent sexually transmitted diseases. Further, such vaccination can also prevent several cancers caused by persistent infection. Therefore, HPV vaccination has the potential to eliminate such risk if enforced at a young age in school. The above study and data stress this role and the importance of public awareness of the HPV vaccine as a cancer prevention agent.

The role of human papillomavirus vaccines in cervical cancer: Prevention and treatment.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted disease, worldwide. Primary prevention thorough vaccination si able to reduce the burden of HPV-related lesions. Ten years ago the Food and drug Administration (FDA) approved the first vaccine against HPV. In the last decades, growing data on safety and effectiveness have been collected. In the present review we report the current knowledge on vaccine against HPV, highlighting the current value and prospective regarding the widespread diffusion of HPV vaccines. The role of emerging therapeutic vaccines is reviewed.

Human papillomavirus-associated cutaneous disease burden in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients: the role of human papillomavirus vaccination and a review of the literature.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is related to the development of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, oropharyngeal carcinoma, and anogenital malignancies. Patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have impaired cell-mediated immunity, placing them at risk for more prolonged infection with a greater likelihood of disease expression. This presents important implications for screening and treatment of HPV in the HIV patient population. The use of prophylactic vaccines directed against HPV has been a promising clinical development, though the immunogenicity of these vaccines in the immunocompromised host and in patients with previously established HPV infections has not been well established. In this review, we describe the pathogenesis and epidemiology of HPV-related cutaneous malignancies in patients with HIV. We outline the current guidelines and recent advances in the field of HPV vaccination. It is our hope that increasing awareness of the HPV-related HIV comorbidities will lead to developments in preventative medicine capable of reducing the burden of these diseases. We recognize the importance of prevention as a primary defense against disease and hope that this article organizes and disseminates recent findings in the field of HPV-associated comorbidities in the HIV population.

Anal intraepithelial neoplasia: A review of diagnosis and management

Anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) is a premalignant lesion of the anal mucosa that is a precursor to anal cancer. Although anal cancer is relatively uncommon, rates of this malignancy are steadily rising in the United States, and among certain high risk populations the incidence of anal cancer may exceed that of colon cancer. Risk factors for AIN and anal cancer consist of clinical factors and behaviors that are associated with the acquisition and persistence of human papilloma virus (HPV) infection. The strongest HPV-associated risk factors are HIV infection, receptive anal intercourse, and high risk sexual behavior. A history of HPV-mediated genital cancer, which suggests infection with an oncogenic HPV strain, is another risk factor for AIN/anal cancer. Because progression of AIN to anal cancer is known to occur in some individuals over several years, screening for AIN and early anal cancer, as well as treatment of advanced AIN lesions, is reasonable in certain high-risk populations. Although randomized controlled trials evaluating screening and treatment outcomes are lacking, experts support routine screening for AIN in high risk populations. Screening is performed using anal cytological exams, similar to those performed in cervical cancer screening programs, along with direct tissue evaluation and biopsy via high resolution anoscopy. AIN can be treated using topical therapies such as imiquimod, 5-flurouracil, and trichloroacetic acid, as well as ablative therapies such as electrocautery and laser therapy. Reductions in AIN and anal cancer rates have been shown in studies where high-risk populations were vaccinated against the oncogenic strains of HPV. Currently, the CDC recommends both high-risk and average-risk populations be vaccinated against HPV infection using the quadrivalent or nonavalent vaccines. It is important for clinicians to be familiar with AIN and the role of HPV vaccination, particularly in high risk populations.

Human papillomavirus and oral cancer: a primer for dental public health professionals.

There is strong evidence for causal association between human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical cancer, evidence of association of HPV and oropharyngeal cancer is beginning to mount. To review the HPV-oral cancer literature for a comprehensive assessment of the issues involved. Literature search conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar and Google search engine. Both available HPV vaccines are efficacious and safe although expensive. Policy for mandatory HPV vaccination for cervical prevention is mired in political issues stemming from negative cost-effectiveness balance. Dental professionals are not ready to discuss the role of HPV vaccine in cancer prevention. This review discusses the impact of HPV on cervical cancer, transmission of HPV among humans, impact of HPV in oral health, and its plausible role in oral and oropharyngeal cancer, prevention of HPV transmission, available vaccines against HPV, testing, cost, policy and use of HPV vaccines internationally and dentists readiness related to HPV associated health communication. Given the mounting literature on the association between HPV and oropharyngeal cancer, the dental community must be prepared to answer patients' HPV-related questions and to educate patients about the role of HPV as a risk factor for oral and oropharyngeal cancers.

Exploring the link between human papilloma virus and oral and oropharyngeal cancers.

Squamous cell carcinoma involving the oral cavity (OC) and oropharynx regions are a major cause of morbidity and mortality world-wide. The recent discovery of a strong association between human papilloma virus (HPV) infection and OC and oropharyngeal (OP) cancer has prompted world-wide research into the exact etiology and pathogenesis of these cancers in relation to the HPV. HPV-positive OC/OP cancers generally present at a relatively advanced stage (by virtue of cervical nodal involvement) and are more commonly seen in younger patients without significant exposure to alcohol or tobacco. These factors are implicated in prognosis, regardless of HPV association. In this article, we review the biology and epidemiology, risk factors, association, molecular analyses, treatment response and prognosis of HPV-related cancers. Role of HPV vaccination in HPV-related OC/OP cancers has also been discussed.

Human Papillomavirus Knowledge and Awareness Among Vietnamese Mothers

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted disease in the US and the primary cause of cervical cancer. Vietnamese American women have the highest incidence rates of cervical cancer but one of the lowest HPV vaccination rates. Parental knowledge is an important predictor of HPV vaccination; however, little is known about HPV knowledge in the Vietnamese American community. We aimed to describe the HPV knowledge of Vietnamese mothers in Houston, Texas and their intention to vaccinate their daughters. We conducted face-to-face interviews with Vietnamese mothers who had daughters aged 9-26 years. We collected data on demographics, acculturation, HPV knowledge, and vaccination intention. Knowledge scores (0-5) were calculated using 5 knowledge questions. We used logistic regression to identify predictors of HPV knowledge. Participants had low levels of acculturation by report of reading (31%) and writing (23%) English well. Less than 50% of participants (n = 47) had heard of HPV, and among these, the mean HPV knowledge score was 4. Although only 1 in 3 had discussed HPV with their medical provider, nearly 86% of participants who had not heard of HPV would vaccinate their daughter if their doctor had recommended it. Good written English skills and belief that the HPV vaccine was not expensive were predictors of HPV awareness. HPV awareness is low among less acculturated Vietnamese mothers in Houston. Future educational efforts about the role of HPV vaccine in preventing cervical cancer should be made in their language when targeting parents of a high risk Vietnamese population.

The Role of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination in Promoting Delivery of Other Preventive and Medical Services

Objective Adolescents infrequently present for preventive health visits. The 3-dose human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine may result in increased health care visits and thus indirectly improve health services for teens. We examined whether other health services were delivered in conjunction with the second (HPV2) or third (HPV3) dose of the HPV vaccine. Methods We conducted a chart review for girls 9 to 20 years of age (n = 571) who received HPV2 or HPV3 within 4 months of its due date at any of 9 clinical sites. Analyses were limited to the 422 visits (72%) where HPV vaccine was specified as a reason for the visit. A generalized linear model was used to evaluate the impact of site of care on delivery of other health services. Results Nearly half (43%) of adolescents received another medical or preventive health service at the time of HPV2 or HPV3 vaccine administration. Most common services were 1 or more other vaccines (30%) or medical services (35%). Older teens were more likely than younger teens to receive reproductive health services and sexually transmitted infection screening. After controlling for age and adjusting for clustering within sites, receiving care at an academic health center versus a private practice was strongly associated with increased odds of receiving other medical or preventive health services at follow-up (odds ratio 2.07; 95% confidence interval 1.44–2.97). Conclusions Adolescents, especially those receiving care at an academic health center, often received other health services at the time of HPV2 or HPV3 vaccination. Because visits occurred within 6 to 8 months of the prior vaccine dose, our findings suggest vaccine visits may lead to improved delivery of adolescent health services.

Abstract B35: Working to close the gap: Identifying predictors of HPV vaccine initiation among young African American women

Abstract Background: HPV (human papillomavirus) vaccines are recent innovations that have provided a new avenue for cervical cancer prevention. The role of HPV vaccines among groups of women who experience excess cervical cancer incidence and mortality requires further study. The purpose of this study was to assess health beliefs associated with HPV vaccine initiation among young African American (AA) women. Methods: Three hundred sixty-three African American female college students aged 18-26 were recruited from three Historically Black Colleges/Universities in the southeastern United States. Participants were asked to complete a self-administered, anonymous survey to assess knowledge and beliefs related to HPV and the HPV vaccine. Results: One-quarter (24%) of participants initiated the HPV vaccine. Women who initiated the HPV vaccine had significantly higher HPV knowledge (p=0.01), lower perceived barriers to vaccination (p&amp;lt;0.01), and were younger (p&amp;lt;0.01) compared to women who had not initiated vaccination. Factors significantly associated with HPV vaccine initiation included: HPV knowledge (OR=1.22), perceived severity of HPV health outcomes, (OR=0.48), perceived barriers to vaccination, (OR=0.49), cues to action (OR=1.94), and age (OR=0.68). The model explained 19% of the variance in HPV vaccine initiation. Conclusions: Study findings can be used to inform the development of targeted health education and promotion HPV vaccine programs for AA college-aged women to prevent continued disparities in cervical cancer incidence and mortality. Addressing health beliefs will be central to efforts to promote widespread vaccine uptake and future reduction in disease. Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010;19(10 Suppl):B35.

The attitudes of Australian gynaecologists to HPV vaccination: An ASCCP survey

With human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccines now approved for women up to 45 years of age, gynaecologists in Australia will be approached increasingly for advice on whether to have the HPV vaccine. We seek to establish the attitudes of gynaecologists to HPV vaccination when advising women in various age groups. Fellows, members and trainees of Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists were approached in early 2009 to complete an Australian Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology survey, which they could return by post or internet on-line. There were 836 (49.0%) responses, with 35.6% of responders using 'Tuna' on-line. 836 RANZCOG fellows, members and trainees responded to the survey. The gender of responders are 261 (43%) females and 470 (56%) males. Of the responders, 391 (46.8%) usually initiated discussion regarding the role of HPV vaccination with their patients. More than 93% encourage when recommending the HPV vaccines for female responders aged 12-26 years. This proportion decreased to 66% for women aged 27-45 years, with 15% strongly encouraging vaccination for this age group. The attitudes to HPV vaccination for the different age groups of females were similar for trainees, fellows and members, as well as for gender and age groups of the responders. However, those with lower level of knowledge are less likely to encourage HPV vaccination in all vaccination age groups and the association is statistically significant after adjusting for role, gender and age. The results show a strong support from gynaecologists in Australia for HPV vaccination.

The Role of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination in Promoting Delivery of Other Health Services

The Role of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination in Promoting Delivery of Other Health Services