Role Of High Resolution Ultrasonography Research Articles

High-resolution ultrasound approach to quadrangular joint in carpal boss: Everything musculoskeletal sonographer should know.

At the quadrangular joint (QAJ) of the carpus, a rare bony protuberance called carpal boss (CB) may occur. This bone abnormality may be due to osteophytes development or os styloideum. Symptomatic patients may complain pain, swelling, and restrictions in hand motion. These symptoms result from joint degenerative-inflammatory changes, development of ganglion cyst/bursitis, or tendons pathology. Correct diagnosis and appropriate management can be achieved through high-resolution ultrasonography (HR-US). The purpose of this review is to define the pathology spectrum around and within the QAJ in CB. The role of HR-US is highlighted and the standard technique for the QAJ assessment is described.

Role of High-Resolution Ultrasonography With Colour and Duplex Doppler in the Evaluation of Acute Scrotal Diseases.

Introduction The term 'acute scrotum' denotes the sudden initiation of pain in the scrotal region. Acute scrotum is a frequent medical condition in children and adults. Ultrasound facilitates precise diagnosis and differentiation of numerous causes of acute scrotum. The objective of our research was to assess the utility of ultrasonography in the identification and prevalence determination of causes of acute scrotum. Materials and methods Patients with acute scrotal pain referred to the Department of Radiodiagnosis at Great Eastern Medical School & Hospital (GEMS), Srikakulam, India, were added in the research. This is a prospective observational study. High-frequency linear transducer (4-15 MHz) was used for imaging. Grey scale, colour and duplex Doppler were performed routinely. The ultimate diagnosis was established by considering the clinical results, follow-up observations, intraoperative observations and, when accessible, histopathological analysis. For the statistical analysis, IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 22 (released 2013; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States). was used. Descriptive analysis was conducted. The Kendall rank correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the non-parametric association between side and torsion. Results A total of 120 patients were included for statistical analysis. Inflammatory pathology was the most commoncause of acute scrotum, followed by testicular torsion and torsion of testicular appendage. Testicular torsion and side of pain did not show a significant association. Conclusion High-resolution ultrasonography with colour and duplex Doppler sonography is an excellent imaging modality exhibiting exceptional sensitivity and specificity for the accurate diagnosis of acute scrotal diseases. Inflammatory pathology was the most commoncause of acute scrotum, followed by testicular torsion and torsion of the testicular appendage.

Role of High-Resolution Ultrasonography in Evaluation of Ulnar Nerve Entrapment Disorder

Role of High-Resolution Ultrasonography in Evaluation of Ulnar Nerve Entrapment Disorder

Role of high-resolution Ultrasonography and Electromyography in the Evaluation of Patients with Flat Foot

Role of high-resolution Ultrasonography and Electromyography in the Evaluation of Patients with Flat Foot

Role of high resolution ultrasonography in leprosy

Background: Ultrasonography is a safe and cost-effective modality to assess gross morphological changes in nerves non-invasively. Early diagnosis will allow the early institution of therapy and arrest the progression of the disease thus, helping in decreasing disabilitygrading. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to assessing the role of high resolution ultrasonography (HRUS) in leprosy. The objectives of the study were to detect sonographic changes in nerves in leprosy patients, and to detect neural complications by sonography in leprosy patients. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted over 18 months from the year 2020–2021 at ‘Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College and Research Centre, Moradabad. A total of 37 patients were included in our study. HRUS was performed on the bilateral ulnar nerve (UN), median nerve (MN), radial nerve (RN), lateral popliteal (LPN) nerve, and posterior tibial nerve (PTN) to see the following parameters: Nerve thickening, echogenicity, color flow, and abscess. Results: The UN was most frequently involved followed by the PTN, MN, LPN, and RN. Diagnostic performance of HRUS for echogenicity was good with sensitivity, positive predictive value, and accuracy and was observed as 91.17%, 100%, and 91.17%, respectively. Conclusion: HRUS has several benefits in leprosy scanning; it is a reliable and non-invasive method of assessing alternations in the nerve at sites that may be difficult to be biopsied for histology.

Role of High-resolution Ultrasonography in the Evaluation of the Tibial and Median Nerves in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy.

To evaluate and measure the mean cross-sectional area of the tibial and median nerves in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy, and to study the association between high-resolution ultrasonographic findings in diabetic peripheral neuropathy with the duration of illness, glycosylated haemoglobin values, random blood sugar levels, and aesthesiometry (using monofilament examination). A prospective observational study was conducted among 63 patients who were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus and underwent ultrasound and monofilament examinations. The cross-sectional area of the median nerve of the dominant hand and the tibial nerves was calculated on ultrasound examination. The mean cross-sectional area of the median and tibial nerves was higher in patients with poor glycaemic control, with the mean cross-sectional area of the median nerve being 10.9, 12.8, 13.0, and 12.9 mm2 at various points in the leg in cases where the monofilament examination was negative, as compared to 7.30, 7.78, 7.91, 7.87 mm2 in patients with positive monofilament examination results. There was a significant positive correlation between the cross-sectional area of the tibial and median nerves and HbA1c, duration of diabetes, aesthesiometry, and random blood sugar levels. With an increase in HbA1c, duration of diabetes, and random blood sugar levels, there was a corresponding increase in the cross-sectional area of the nerves. These findings helped us to identify diabetic peripheral neuropathy. High-resolution ultrasonography along with aesthesiometry and HbA1c values can be an effective and easily available tool for detecting changes secondary to diabetic peripheral neuropathy. The method has a potential to replace or substitute nerve conduction tests in the near future.

The Role of High Resolution Ultrasonography in Elucidating Features of the Breast Implants in Asymptomatic Patients After Implant-based Augmentation Mammaplasty.

We conducted this study to describe the feasibility of high-resolution ultrasound (HRUS) in characterizing a breast implant in patients receiving an implant-based augmentation mammaplasty. The current study was conducted in a total of 612 patients (n=612) receiving an implant-based augmentation mammaplasty at other hospitals between August 31, 2017 and August 31, 2020. Of these, 136 patients (n=136; 272 breasts) receiving reoperation were included in the current study. We compared between the patients' subjective awareness of a breast implant and its HRUS findings and an agreement between HRUS findings of a breast implant and its findings at reoperation. The proportion of the patients receiving a silicone gel-filled breast implant was increased from 65.44% (89/136) to 81.61% (111/136) on HRUS. Moreover, HRUS was effective in identifying a manufacturer of the device. In conclusion, our results indicate that HRUS is feasible in characterizing a breast implant in patients receiving an implant-based augmentation mammaplasty. But further prospective, large-scale studies are warranted to corroborate our results. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors. www.springer.com/00266 .

The Role Of High Resolution Ultrasonography In Evaluation Of Post Traumatic Peripheral Nerve Injury

Background: With the development of scientific technology, applications of high-resolution ultrasound have rapidly developed in biomedical fields. High-resolution sonography clearly depicts peripheral nerve size spaces occupying lesions and anatomic variants along the entire length of the normative nerve Aim; Assessment of efficacy of ultrasound in evaluation of degree of traumatic nerve injury methods This prospective study was carried out during the period from June 2019 to April 2020 and included a hundred participants. All patients were referred to the radiology department of Benha university from the emergency department and outpatient clinic of surgery department of Benha university hospital. Results: diagnosis and characterization of turmeric peripheral nerve injury using ultrasound Conclusion; US can be used to facilitate the preoperative diagnosis and planning of the optimal treatment strategy as it can permit tracing the injured nerve at the lesion site and the neuroma’s extension. Finally, US has high accuracy for detection, diagnosis, assessment and treatment planning of traumatic peripheral nerve lesions.

Sonourethrography With Pharmaco-Penile Doppler in Penile Fractures: A Complete and Productive Imaging Combination

Penile fracture is a rare urological emergency requiring prompt diagnosis and management. The role of high-resolution ultrasonography is established in detecting a tear, in the tunica albuginea. The late complications of penile fracture are distressing and may manifest as asymmetrical and insufficient penile tumescence, penile ischemia, and sometimes urethral stenosis. The current case series demonstrates the combined role of post-papaverine penile Doppler duplex ultrasonography and sonourethrography techniques in assessing the late presenting cases of penile fractures. The combination of these two techniques was found to be a useful comprehensive imaging tool. This combination can be employed in clinical practice to define the extent of trauma and penile insufficiency, in an efficient manner.

Role of High-Resolution Ultrasonography in Evaluation of Median Nerve and Thickness of Flexor Retinaculum in Patients with Hypothyroidism

Objectives: To determine the role of high resolution ultrasonography in evaluation of cross sectional area, maximum nerve fascicle thickness and thickness/width ratio of the median nerve and flexor retinaculum thickness in patients with hypothyroidism and to correlate it with the healthy volunteers. Material and Methods: A prospective study was conducted from February 2018 to October 2019 on 62 patients which included 32 clinically proven cases of hypothyroidism and 30 healthy volunteers. High resolution ultrasonography was performed using high frequency linear probes. Results: The most affected parameter was cross sectional area of median nerve at three levels, inlet/outlet ratio of CSA of the median nerve and thickness of flexor retinaculum in hypothyroidism patients in correlation with healthy volunteers. These parameters showed statistically significant p values. Maximum nerve fascicle thickness and thickness/width ratio of the median nerve showed no statistical significance in hypothyroid patients in correlation with healthy volunteers. Conclusion: High-resolution ultrasonography plays an important role in evaluating the changes occuring in cross sectional area of the median nerve, its inlet/outlet CSA ratio and flexor retinaculum thickness in hypothyroidism patients as correlated with the healthy volunteers.

A Prospective Study of Ultrasonographic and FNAC Correlation of Thyroid Swellings with Histopathology.

The present study was undertaken to identify the complimentary role of high resolution ultrasonography and fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in diagnosis of thyroid gland swelling pathology, also determine sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of both USG and FNAC and correlate it with histopathology report. Total 75 cases of thyroid swellings were evaluated in detail by taking history, doing clinical examination, USG, FNAC and histopathology. USG findings were correlated with the FNAC report. After thyroidectomy surgery, USG and FNAC results were followed up and correlated with histopathology report. Thyroid swellings were more common in the age group of 31-40years (34.66%) with female preponderance 70(93.33%). According to USG diagnosis, most common benign thyroid swelling was multinodular goitre (37.33). Amongst all the thyroid swellings, on FNAC, 17(18.67%) cases were diagnosed as a malignancy. 12(16%) cases were of follicular carcinoma which was the most common in this study. The sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of USG was 86.66%, 91.66% and 90.66% respectively whereas sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of FNAC was 93.3%, 95% and 94.66% respectively. USG and FNAC are simple methods of diagnosing thyroid gland swellings. The sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of USG and FNAC for thyroid gland swellings was reasonably good. USG followed by FNAC increases the accuracy to diagnose various thyroid swellings so by which unnecessary thyroid gland surgery and hence complications can be avoided. However the most accurate and confirmatory diagnosis is given by histopathology.

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Role of ultrasound in assessment of abnormalities in knee trauma in comparison to MRI

Abstract Aim of the Work to assess the role of high resolution ultrasonography (US) in the evaluation and assessment of different abnormalities resulting from knee trauma compared to Magnetic resonance imaging MRI Aim and Patients and Methods 51 patients presenting with knee pain after variable degrees of knee trauma and referred to radiology department will be examined by US and MRI. Results are compared and data analysed. Results US had significant results in medial collateral ligament (MCL), menisci, quadriceps and patellar tendons, joint effusion and parameniscal cysts. Poor US results were obtained in cruciate, lateral collateral ligament (LCL) and bone injuries. Conclusion Ultrasound can be used in the initial assessment of patients after knee trauma. It has comparable results to MRI in tendons, periarticular ligaments, joint effusion and menisci assessment with still some limitations noted in the cruciate ligaments and bone injuries assessment.

Role of high resolution ultrasonography in ankle overuse and sports injuries

Abstract Purpose of this study is : To emphasize the role of high resolution USG in ankle sports and overuse injuries. thus assessing its ability to detect early abnormalities at diffusion level. Methods This study was conducted at the radiology department, faculty of medicine, Ain-Shams University following the approval by the scientific and ethics committee on 30 patients between 22 and 59 years suffering from ankle soft tissue injuries. The patients were referred from the orthopedic department, outpatient clinics of El-Demerdash hospital or private clinics. Results The study showed that, in Tendinous pathology, Achilles tendon is the most commonly injured ankle tendon, followed by tibialis posterior and the tendinitis/teno-synovitis was the most encountered tendons pathology. In ligamentous injuries, anterior talo-fibular ligament and calcaneo-fibular ligaments were the most frequently injured ligaments. Associated pathology included effusion and retro-calcaneal bursitis. Comparison to clinical data ultrasonography proved to be more accurate tool in diagnosis and characterization of ankle soft tissue injuries. Conclusion Ultrasound is an excellent tool for imaging focal soft tissue abnormalities, and used as primary tool of investigation.

The Effectiveness of High Resolution Ultrasonography in Assessment of Knee Peri-Articular Lesions: Comparative Study to MRI

Abstract Background: Knee pain is considered one of the main causes of referral to the Radiology Department. Many of the cases have abnormalities within or around the joint following an acute injury or chronic symptomatology. Ultrasound is a reliable method for detection of injury to the tendons, ligaments, and muscles of the knee joint with its capability to evaluate peri-articular lesions. The periarticular structures are best suitable for ultrasonography evaluation including peri articular masses, joint effusion and bursae. Aim of Study: The goal of our study is to evaluate role of high resolution ultrasonography in assessment of knee peri articular disorders compared to MR imaging. Patients and Methods: Our study included 61 patients between March 2018 and April 2019 with 14 patients having bilateral knee joint examinations. They included 37 females and 24 males with their ages ranging between 11-70 years. All of them suffering from painful knee joint with peri-articular lesions. Patients were referred to the Radiology Department at Kasr Al-Aini Hospital after full clinical examination to evaluate their knee joints using US and MRI. Results: High resolution ultrasonography had sensitivity and specificity ranging from 83 to 100 and 100% respectively with Positive Predictive Value (PPV) of 100%, Negative Predictive Value (NPV) and accuracy above 95%. Conclusion: The high correlation rate between the results of US and MRI have shown that in patients with knee joint peri-articular lesions, US is an effective alternative/ compli-mentary method of examination in detection of knee joint peri articular injuries, cystic and solid mass lesions.

Role of High Resolutionultrasonography and Color Doppler in Evaluating and Distinguishing the Type of Inguinalhernia

Role of High Resolutionultrasonography and Color Doppler in Evaluating and Distinguishing the Type of Inguinalhernia

The Role Of High Resolution Ultrasonography To Differentiate Between Benign And Malignant Cervical Lymph Nodes In Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Objectives:The purpose of the study was to evaluate the role of high resolution ultrasonography to differentiate between benign and malignant cervical lymph nodes in oral squamous cell carcinoma.Materials & Methods:The study was conducted in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, BSMMU,Dhaka, Bangladesh, during a period of January -2010 to December - 2011. A total number of 41 patients with clinical evidence of palpable cervical lymph nodes in oral squamous cell carcinoma were evaluated with high resolution ultrasonography. To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of high resolutionultrasonography, the high resolution ultrasonography findings were compared and correlat- ed with histopathological examination after neck dissection.Results: All patients were pre-operatively examined by palpation and high resolution ultrasonography evaluation was done.Among them 41 study subjects, on high resolution ultrasonography evaluation 23(56.09%) lymph nodes were metastatic and 18(43.90%) lymph nodes were reactive. After postop- erative excisional histopathology examination 22(53.66%) lymph nodes were metastatic and 19(46.34%) lymph nodes were reactive in nature. Correlation of vascular flow pattern with histopatho- logical diagnosis showed that central flow for benign nodes, mixed & peripheral flow for malignant nodes were highly significant parameters (P<0.001). High resolution ultrasonography has specificity 78.94%, sensitivity 86.36% and diagnostic accuracy of the high resolution ultrasonography was 82.92%.Conclusion: High resolution ultrasonography can plays a definite role as an adjunct to the clinical evaluation of palpable cervical lymph nodes and proves its value as an important noninvasive investi- gation procedure for differentiating between benign and malignant cervical lymph nodes in oral squa- mous cell carcinoma.Update Dent. Coll. j: 2017; 7 (2): 19-27

To evaluate the role of high resolution ultrasonography in diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis

To evaluate the role of high resolution ultrasonography in diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis

Role of high resolution ultrasonography in diagnosing septic hip arthritis in premature neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit

AimThe aim of this study is to evaluate the role of high resolution ultrasonography (HRUS) of the hip in premature neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in diagnosis of septic hip arthritis. Patients and methodsThis prospective study was done for twenty premature neonates having clinical and laboratory findings compatible with the diagnosis of acute septic arthritis. They were subjected to HRUS of the hip as well as US-guided aspiration and analysis of synovial fluid. ResultsHip ultrasonography showed synovial fluid containing echoes in twelve patients and was clear in six patients. Joint capsule was thickened in fourteen patients. Seventeen patients had sonographic features of septic arthritis. The sensitivity of HRUS was 93.8%, specificity 50%, positive predictive value 88.2%, negative predictive value 66.7% and the accuracy was 85%. ConclusionHRUS is beneficial in early diagnosis of septic hip arthritis in premature neonates admitted to the NICU. It is an easy, available and rapid procedure.

Sonographic evaluation of solitary thyroid nodule with cytopathological correlation

Background: Nodular thyroid disease is a common health problem affecting women affected more frequently than men. Benign conditions like simple thyroid cyst, iodine deficiency disorder, chronic inflammatory disease of thyroid (like Hashimoto?s thyroiditis) as well as malignancy of different grades (ranging from well differentiated papillary carcinoma to high grade follicular neoplasm) can present with thyroid nodules. Differentiation between two entities based on clinical and biochemical ground alone is hardly possible and here comes the role of high resolution ultrasonography. Because of superficial location USG can identify normal thyroid anatomy and pathologic conditions with remarkable clarity. Based on sonologic features it is possible to predict whether a nodule is malignant or not and hence whether follow-up is sufficient or more invasive procedure is imperative. Materials & Methods: Fifty sequential adult patients of 15-60years of age presenting with nodular thyroid disease were studied over the period of one and half years (January 2016 to June 2017). Specific USG criteria were used to characterize the nodules so that a probable diagnosis could be made. Sonological diagnoses then compared with cytological results to conclude role of USG to analyse nodular thyroid disease. Result & Analysis: 50 patients were studied with a mean age of 37.4 years. Benign lesions constitute the majority (total 43 cases) four patients were diagnosed as having papillary carcinoma & three as case of follicular neoplasm. Most of the patients presented with long standing painless palpable thyroid swelling. Majority of malignant thyroid nodules presented as solitary hypoechoic solid nodules with intranodular vascularity. On contrary benign lesions were mainly iso or hyper echoic, multiple or solitary, well margined nodules with perinodular vascularity. Cervical lymphadenopathy & micro calcification were found almost exclusively in papillary carcinoma, whereas peripheral egg shell calcification &comet tail artifacts were seen only in hyperplastic nodules. Conclusion: Nodular thyroid disease was found to be of female predominance with benign causes outnumbered malignancy. USG assessment helped assess characteristics of thyroid nodules to reach a provisional diagnosis. We had taken into account parameters and among them taller than wide shape, intranodular vascularity with or with-out perinodular component and marked hypoechogenicity emerged as most useful.