Role Of Gadolinium Research Articles

The role of gadolinium in magnetic resonance imaging for early prostate cancer diagnosis: A diagnostic accuracy study

Prostate lesions detected with multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) are classified for their malignant potential according to the Prostate Imaging-Reporting And Data System (PI-RADS™2). In this study, we evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the mpMRI with and without gadolinium, with emphasis on the added diagnostic value of the dynamic contrast enhancement (DCE). The study was retrospective for 286 prostate lesions / 213 eligible patients, n = 116/170, and 49/59% malignant for the peripheral (Pz) and transitional zone (Tz), respectively. A stereotactic MRI-guided prostate biopsy served as the histological ground truth. All patients received a mpMRI with DCE. The influence of DCE in the prediction of malignancy was analyzed by blinded assessment of the imaging protocol without DCE and the DCE separately. Significant (CSPca) and insignificant (IPca) prostate cancers were evaluated separately to enhance the potential effects of the DCE in the detection of CSPca. The Receiver Operating Characteristics Area Under Curve (ROC-AUC), sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Spe) of PIRADS-without-DCE in the Pz was 0.70/0.47/0.86 for all cancers (IPca and CSPca merged) and 0.73/0.54/0.82 for CSPca. PIRADS-with-DCE for the same patients showed ROC-AUC/Se/Spe of 0.70/0.49/0.86 for all Pz cancers and 0.69/0.54/0.81 for CSPca in the Pz, respectively, p>0.05 chi-squared test. Similar results for the Tz, AUC/Se/Spe for PIRADS-without-DCE was 0.75/0.61/0.79 all cancers and 0.67/0.54/0.71 for CSPca, not influenced by DCE (0.66/0.47/0.81 for all Tz cancers and 0.61/0.39/0.75 for CSPca in Tz). The added Se and Spe of DCE for the detection of CSPca was 88/34% and 78/33% in the Pz and Tz, respectively. DCE showed no significant added diagnostic value and lower specificity for the prediction of CSPca compared to the non-enhanced sequences. Our results support that gadolinium might be omitted without mitigating the diagnostic accuracy of the mpMRI for prostate cancer.

The Impact of Excess Ligand on the Retention of Nonionic, Linear Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents in Patients With Various Levels of Renal Dysfunction: A Review and Simulation Analysis

The role of gadolinium (Gd)-based contrast agents (GBCAs) in the pathophysiology of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) is now uncontested. Although the definitive mechanism has not been established, the association with weaker GBCA ligands and with reduced renal clearance supports a hypothesis that Gd release from the GBCAs is a key process in precipitating the disease. Prevention strategies often include the use of more stable GBCA ligands in patients with reduced kidney function, but animal models and some clinical data suggest that better patient outcomes can be achieved when excess ligand is administered with weaker GBCAs; this is particularly significant for OptiMARK, which contains a nonionic, linear ligand similar to gadodiamide, the active ingredient in Omniscan, but contains twice the amount of excess ligand. Here we review evidence regarding the use of OptiMARK over Omniscan for prevention of NSF and perform a pharmacokinetic-based simulation to determine if the presented evidence is consistent with the established kinetics of GBCAs and Gd.

Role of gadolinium enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance in recent onset non-ischemic cardiomyopathy: a systematic review and metanalysis

Background Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) and early gadolinium enhancement (EGE) are powerful diagnostic tools for acute cardiomyopathies. LGE is associated with impaired prognosis in ischemic and in chronic non-ischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM), but the impact of gadolinium enhanced CMR on prognosis in recent onset NICM is less well established. We performed a systematic review with metanalysis to investigate the prognostic role of an abnormal contrast enhanced CMR in patients presenting with recent onset NICM.

Role of gadolinium(III) complex in improving thermal stability of polythiophene composite

AbstractThis paper involves the preparation of polythiophene (PTP) and its composite by the oxidative polymerisation method by using ferric chloride as an oxidant and thiophene monomer. The gadolinium( III) complex obtained by the refluxing technique was used as dopant in the PTP matrix. On the basis of the spectroscopic characterisation, seven-coordinate geometry is proposed for the complex. Conductance measurement confirms the non-selectrolyte nature of complex. The PTP and its composite were subjected to FTIR, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope techniques. The powder X-ray diffraction pattern showed the high crystalline nature of the complex which in turn developed a good degree of crystallinity in the PTP composite. The average particle size was calculated as 4.655 ˚A and 3.737 ˚A for the dopant and PTP composite, respectively, by using Debye Scherrer’s equation. Thermal analysis was performed by thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, differential thermal analysis (DTA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques. The TG, DTA and DSC results were well-correlated. The thermal analysis revealed the high thermal stability of the dopant which in turn improved the thermal stability of the PTP composite, revealing the potential of the composite for high temperature applications.

A Possible Role of Gadolinium on Calcification in Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis

A Possible Role of Gadolinium on Calcification in Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis

Contrast-Induced Nephropathy in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Contrast Induced Nephropathy (CIN) is a feared complication of numerous radiological procedures that expose patients to contrast media. The most notorious of these procedures is percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Not only is this a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, but it also adds to increased costs in high risk patients undergoing PCI. It is thought to result from direct cytotoxicity and hemodynamic challenge to renal tissue. CIN is defined as an increase in serum creatinine by either ≥0.5 mg/dL or by ≥25% from baseline within the first 2-3 days after contrast administration, after other causes of renal impairment have been excluded. The incidence is considerably higher in diabetics, elderly and patients with pre-existing renal disease when compared to the general population. The nephrotoxic potential of various contrast agents must be evaluated completely, with prevention as the mainstay of focus as no effective treatment exists. The purpose of this article is to examine the pathophysiology, risk factors, and clinical course of CIN, as well as the most recent studies dealing with its prevention and potential therapeutic interventions, especially during PCI. The role of gadolinium as an alternative to iodinated contrast is also discussed.

Quoi de neuf en dermatologie clinique ?

For this What's new in clinical dermatology?, I have selected some important publications mainly in the field of the infectious dermatosis and drugs allergy. The Chikungunya virus which is responsible of several epidemics since 2005 seems to be a virus with a cutaneous tropism. Sexually transmitted diseases are still a public health problem and we shall review the situation for syphilis, lymphogranuloma venereum and the new dynamic profile of HIV in France. Lyme disease has been the subject of consensus conference in France and in the United States. Original clinical presentations in relation with infectious agent will be also presented. We shall give a large place to what I call the toxidermatology. During the year 2007, the role of gadolinium in the nephrogenic systemic fibrosis has been confirmed, many publications have reported the side effects of biotherapies on the skin and we shall emphasize the paradoxical of some of them. Hypersensitivity syndrome and notably the controversial role of viral reactivations has been reported. The relationship between psoriasis and metabolic syndrome or cardiovascular risks has been discussed since 2006. New clinical features have been described and will be presented during this session.

CMR 2007: 9.05: The potential role of gadolinium in the pathogenesis of NSF

CMR 2007: 9.05: The potential role of gadolinium in the pathogenesis of NSF

The Role of Gadolinium in Triggering Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis/Nephrogenic Fibrosing Dermopathy

The Role of Gadolinium in Triggering Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis/Nephrogenic Fibrosing Dermopathy

G.P.9.07 MRI in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: Quantification of fat infiltration and gadolinium uptake using whole-muscle regions of interest

To date, there are no MRI studies of the degree and pattern of fat infiltration in steroid-treated boys, or the role of gadolinium in delineating changes in muscle water content. Our aim was to evaluate the use of signal intensity for whole-muscle regions of interest for the quantitative investigation of fat infiltration on T1-weighed scans and of muscle water content before and after exercise on contrast-enhanced scans. Nine steroid-treated ambulant boys with DMD (6.6–9.9 years) and five adult male volunteers (29.6–35 years) were scanned using a 3T Philips Achieva scanner.

Magnetotransport of lanthanum doped RuSr2GdCu2O8 – the role of gadolinium

Strongly underdoped RuSr_1.9La_0.1GdCu_2O_8 has been comprehensively studied by dc magnetization, microwave measurements, magnetoresistivity and Hall resistivity in fields up to 9 T and temperatures down to 1.75 K. Electron doping by La reduces the hole concentration in the CuO2 planes and completely suppresses superconductivity. Microwave absorption, dc resistivity and ordinary Hall effect data indicate that the carrier concentration is reduced and a semiconductor-like temperature dependence is observed. Two magnetic ordering transitions are observed. The ruthenium sublattice orders antiferromagnetically at 155 K for low applied magnetic field and the gadolinium sublattice antiferromagnetically orders at 2.8 K. The magnetoresistivity exhibits a complicated temperature dependence due to the combination of the two magnetic orderings and spin fluctuations. It is shown that the ruthenium magnetism influences the conductivity in the RuO2 layers while the gadolinium magnetism influences the conductivity in the CuO2 layers. The magnetoresistivity is isotropic above 4 K, but it becomes anisotropic when gadolinium orders antiferromagnetically.

Patterns of disease on MRI in 53 children with tuberculous spondylitis and the role of gadolinium.

Tuberculosis (TB) of the spine is the most common site of osseous involvement and has a higher prevalence in developing nations with an increasing incidence in developed nations. There are few paediatric reports of TB spondylitis (TBS) that include MRI findings. To determine the MRI characteristics of TBS in children with special reference to gadolinium enhancement and findings on follow-up MRI. A retrospective review of patient records and MRI scans by three readers using a consensus method of 53 patients below 13 years of age. Seventy-nine percent presented with kyphosis. MRI showed thoracic involvement in 83%. Eighty-five percent showed contiguous involvement of two or more vertebral bodies. An intraspinal or paraspinal soft-tissue mass or abscess was present in 98%. Subligamentous extension was noted in 64% of patients. Gadolinium was administered in 26 patients. Ring enhancement of the soft-tissue mass was shown in 65% of these. Subligamentous enhancement was shown in 35% and bone enhancement was shown in 100% of patients. Follow-up MRI performed in 16 patients showed progressive bone destruction in 10 patients, progressive kyphosis in 2 patients and progression of soft-tissue disease in 4 patients. We have demonstrated an advanced pattern of TBS in this childhood population, which supports other reports that describe a more aggressive process in children. Kyphosis and cord compressions were the most common complications. The use of gadolinium is promising in detecting disease earlier, as it invariably results in bone enhancement and may assist in making the diagnosis when the rim-enhancing pattern of the soft-tissue mass is demonstrated. Follow-up imaging with MRI is a suitable way of assessing resolution of cord compression and decrease in size of the soft-tissue mass. Therefore, considering the pattern of involvement in children with TBS demonstrated by this study, MRI is considered an ideal modality for making the diagnosis, demonstrating the extent of disease, identifying complications and assessing response to treatment.

The role of gadolinium in the scintillation processes of cerium-doped gadolinium oxyorthosilicate

The origins of two decay constants in the scintillation decay of cerium-doped gadolinium oxyorthosilicate (Gd 2(SiO 4)O:Ce) are investigated using UV light. We find that build-ups and long decay components observed with gamma-ray excitation are due to non-radiative energy transfer from Gd to Ce. The transfer rate from Gd to Ce increases as the Ce concentration increases. The gamma-ray excited decay curves of GSO are composed of prompt Ce emission and delayed Ce emission (transfer of energy through Gd), as observed by UV excitation.

The role of gadolinium (Gd-DTPA) in the staging of renal cell carcinoma by MRI. comparative evaluation by CT and MRI without contrast medium (In Italian) : De Cobelli F, Vandulli A, Colombo E, et al. (A.: Radiologia Diagnostica, Istituto Scientifico Ospedale S. Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, I-20132 Milano (MI), Italy). Radiol Med 1993;85:562–569.

The role of gadolinium (Gd-DTPA) in the staging of renal cell carcinoma by MRI. comparative evaluation by CT and MRI without contrast medium (In Italian) : De Cobelli F, Vandulli A, Colombo E, et al. (A.: Radiologia Diagnostica, Istituto Scientifico Ospedale S. Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, I-20132 Milano (MI), Italy). Radiol Med 1993;85:562–569.

Imaging of middle ear masses, the current role of gadolinium enhanced MRI

Imaging of middle ear masses, the current role of gadolinium enhanced MRI

Enhancement of transport critical current density by Gd substitution in YBa2Cu3O7

Samples with composition Y1−xGdxBa2Cu3O7 (x=0.001–0.005) are prepared and TC, ΔTC, JC, ρ(300 K) are measured. It is shown that upon substituting yttrium by small amounts of gadolinium, JC can be improved significantly. The anticorrelation of JC with ΔTC and ρ(300 K) is established. The possible role of gadolinium in enhancing JC is discussed. General guidelines for getting high JC values are gathered.