Role Of Feedback Loops Research Articles

Noises on-How the Brain Deals with Acoustic Noise.

What is noise? When does a sound form part of the acoustic background and when might it come to our attention as part of the foreground? Our brain seems to filter out irrelevant sounds in a seemingly effortless process, but how this is achieved remains opaque and, to date, unparalleled by any algorithm. In this review, we discuss how noise can be both background and foreground, depending on what a listener/brain is trying to achieve. We do so by addressing questions concerning the brain's potential bias to interpret certain sounds as part of the background, the extent to which the interpretation of sounds depends on the context in which they are heard, as well as their ethological relevance, task-dependence, and a listener's overall mental state. We explore these questions with specific regard to the implicit, or statistical, learning of sounds and the role of feedback loops between cortical and subcortical auditory structures.

Az Antropocén Színháza : Koncepció, kérdések, előadások

This article explores the emergence and development of The Theatre of the Anthropocene, a unique artistic platform founded by Dr. Frank M. Raddatz and Prof. Dr. Antje Boetius in 2019. This ecological theatre operates at the intersection of art and science, aiming to depict and engage with the complex realities of the Anthropocene. The Anthropocene, a geological epoch marked by human influence on Earth, necessitates a scientifically informed theatre to convey the intricate interplay between human activities and the planetary ecosystem. The article delves into the theoretical foundations of this theatre, drawing on Bruno Latour’s critique of ecological disasters rooted in deficient epistemic concepts. It contrasts this with Bertolt Brecht’s scientific theatre and emphasizes the need for a transformation in the science stage to address contemporary environmental challenges. The role of feedback loops and the recognition of non-human entities as independent subjects in an Anthropocene aesthetic are central themes. The article also explores the potential of a spectral aesthetic, emphasizing the hybrid nature of the phenomena addressed, and presents the example of the production Lawyers of Nature. Furthermore, it discusses the urgent task of developing an ecological sensibility through art to instigate changes in societal attitudes toward planetary conditions.

The Role of Feedback Loops in Targeted Therapy for Pancreatic Cancer.

Pancreatic cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with limited treatment options and low long-term survival rates. The complex and variable signal regulation networks are one of the important reasons why it is difficult for pancreatic cancer to develop precise targeted therapy drugs. Numerous studies have associated feedback loop regulation with the development and therapeutic response of cancers including pancreatic cancer. Therefore, we review researches on the role of feedback loops in the progression of pancreatic cancer, and summarize the connection between feedback loops and several signaling pathways in pancreatic cancer, as well as recent advances in the intervention of feedback loops in pancreatic cancer treatment, highlighting the potential of capitalizing on feedback loops modulation in targeted therapy for pancreatic cancer.

Multi-tiered external facilitation: the role of feedback loops and tailored interventions in supporting change in a stepped-wedge implementation trial

BackgroundFacilitation is a complex, relational implementation strategy that guides change processes. Facilitators engage in multiple activities and tailor efforts to local contexts. How this work is coordinated and shared among multiple, external actors and the contextual factors that prompt and moderate facilitators to tailor activities have not been well-described.MethodsWe conducted a mixed methods evaluation of a trial to improve the quality of transient ischemic attack care. Six sites in the Veterans Health Administration received external facilitation (EF) before and during a 1-year active implementation period. We examined how EF was employed and activated. Data analysis included prospective logs of facilitator correspondence with sites (160 site-directed episodes), stakeholder interviews (a total of 78 interviews, involving 42 unique individuals), and collaborative call debriefs (n=22) spanning implementation stages. Logs were descriptively analyzed across facilitators, sites, time periods, and activity types. Interview transcripts were coded for content related to EF and themes were identified. Debriefs were reviewed to identify instances of and utilization of EF during site critical junctures.ResultsMulti-tiered EF was supported by two groups (site-facing quality improvement [QI] facilitators and the implementation support team) that were connected by feedback loops. Each site received an average of 24 episodes of site-directed EF; most of the EF was delivered by the QI nurse. For each site, site-directed EF frequently involved networking (45%), preparation and planning (44%), process monitoring (44%), and/or education (36%). EF less commonly involved audit and feedback (20%), brainstorming solutions (16%), and/or stakeholder engagement (5%). However, site-directed EF varied widely across sites and time periods in terms of these facilitation types. Site participants recognized the responsiveness of the QI nurse and valued her problem-solving, feedback, and accountability support. External facilitators used monitoring and dialogue to intervene by facilitating redirection during challenging periods of uncertainty about project direction and feasibility for sites. External facilitators, in collaboration with the implementation support team, successfully used strategies tailored to diverse local contexts, including networking, providing data, and brainstorming solutions.ConclusionsMulti-tiered facilitation capitalizing on emergent feedback loops allowed for tailored, site-directed facilitation. Critical juncture cases illustrate the complexity of EF and the need to often try multiple strategies in combination to facilitate implementation progress.Trial registrationThe Protocol-guided Rapid Evaluation of Veterans Experiencing New Transient Neurological Symptoms (PREVENT) is a registered trial (NCT02769338), May 11, 2016—prospectively registered.

Response to ‘The Aadhaar debate: Where are the sociologists?’

At this historical juncture, when digital governance is fundamentally re-forming social relations, we need critical knowledge about the emerging texture of society. This text responds to Reetika Khera’s important intervention about the need for more timely studies of Aadhaar. Building on Angelia Chamuah’s and Lawrence Cohen’s comments, I argue for the need to ask broader questions about the changing character of the political as it emerges in the Aadhaar arena. Today, states respond to the world’s dizzying complexity by inventing new experimental solutions, many of which utilise digital technologies, and often rather than deliver solutions, create new pathways for learning through critical engagement. Aadhaar is a case in point. In their studies, scholars should remain attuned to the open-endedness of the Aadhaar infrastructure and understand its experimental ethos. This would generate knowledge about processes of iterative learning and lead to conclusions about the role of feedback-loops for the evolution of digital governance. From there one can conclude about systems of value, social hierarchy, or justice and fairness that organise the processes of adapting a new infrastructure to multiple social contexts.

RrMYB5- and RrMYB10-regulated flavonoid biosynthesis plays a pivotal role in feedback loop responding to wounding and oxidation in Rosa rugosa.

SummaryFlavonoids play critical roles in plant responses to various stresses. Few studies have been reported on what the mechanism of activating flavonoid biosynthesis in plant responses to wounding and oxidation is. In this study, flavonoid metabolites and many MYB transcript factors from Rosa rugosa were verified to be induced by wounding and oxidation. RrMYB5 and RrMYB10, which belong to PA1‐ and TT2‐type MYB TFs, respectively, showed extremely high induction. Overexpression of RrMYB5 and RrMYB10 resulted in an increased accumulation of proanthocyanidins in R. rugosa and tobacco by promoting the expression of flavonoid structural genes. Transcriptomic analysis of the transgenic plants showed that most genes, involved in wounding and oxidation response and ABA signalling modulation, were up‐regulated by the overexpression of RrMYB10, which was very much similar to that observed in RrANR and RrDFR overexpression transgenics. RrMYB5 and RrMYB10 physically interacted and mutually activated each other's expressions. They solely or synergistically activated the different sets of flavonoid pathway genes in a bHLH TF EGL3‐independent manner. Eventually, the accumulation of proanthocyanidins enhanced plant tolerance to wounding and oxidative stresses. Therefore, RrMYB5 and RrMYB10 regulated flavonoid synthesis in feedback loop responding to wounding and oxidation in R. rugosa. Our study provides new insights into the regulatory mechanisms of flavonoid biosynthesis by MYB TFs and their essential physiological functions in plant responses to wounding and oxidative stresses.

Spatial Information Network Modeling and Analysis Based on Cognitive Technology

Aiming at ubiquitous and heterogeneous network model, spatial information network was constructed for the complex space environment, real-time adjustment to configure the network system, dynamicly and intelligently adapting to the environment and guiding future independent decision. There are corresponding theoretical guidance and support mechanisms on the network dynamic sensing and self-healing capabilities. Starting from the mechanism of cognitive technology, the concept of cognitive spatial information network was defined, the role of feedback loops in the cognitive process was elaborated, and the characteristics of the cognitive spatial information network was analyzed. A hierarchical cognitive network design model was proposed. For the initiative aware features of the network, the model uses the energy spectrum sensing method in cognitive radio and qualitatively analyzes the perceived performance of the cognitive spatial information networks. The simulation results show the range of the algorithm applied in space information network.

Beyond error marking: written corrective feedback for a dialogic pedagogy in translator training

This study will focus on the qualitative nature of corrective feedback on translations in university-level interlingual practica. Three broad kinds of feedback – direct, indirect and metalinguistic – are surveyed in light of the literature, with a view to establishing a dialogic pedagogy whereby the student and instructor, and students and peers, engage in multi-channelled ‘talk’ via prompts and responses through comments, oral conferencing, and iterations of a target text. While feedback may be directed at the level of task, self, self-regulation or selfhood, we will focus on written comments at the level of task and their role in feedback loops. As the learner’s role in feedback interventions is often ignored, here I describe an active and interactive form of learner participation in defining a joint problem space. The potentialities of indirect and metalinguistic corrective feedback are explored, a typology of translation feedback methods is presented and exemplified and potential avenues for empirical research are outlined.

Information filters as one of the means of managing strategic fit in a complex environment

Purpose – This paper aims to investigate the role of information as a source of resilience in organizations. It presents both a theory based construct of information filters of the environment scanning and a pragmatic tool for managing the process.Design/methodology/approach – The filter construct was tested in three qualitative case studies where the filter setting was changed in order to identify its impact on the results of the environment scan. This paper used Igor Ansoff's theory of information filters as a basis and added the required additional elements by applying complex adaptive systems theory.Findings – The authors were able to define two dimensions: information filters' width and depth, that define the outcome of the environment scanning process. The preliminary testing of the research hypotheses was possible with the new research tool.Research limitations/implications – There was only one case that analyzed the impact of connectivity: the role of feedback loops with the external stakeholders ...

Mechano-Chemical Coupling Drives Cell Area Oscillations during Morphogenesis

Marie Curie Career Integration Grant (No. PCIG09-GA-2011-293479); Spanish Ministry of Science (No. BFU2011-25828)

Ecology of Environmental Education: Feedbacks, Education, and Resilience

AbstractThe ecology education community has focused on the suite of knowledge and competencies that constitute environmental literacy, including self-knowledge, evidence-based habits of mind, and ecological concepts and connections (Jordan et al., 2009). Whereas the environmental education (EE) community also is concerned with knowledge, it further embraces goals related to changing attitudes and behavior. In both of these sub-disciplines, educational researchers most often focus on outcomes of specific interventions. Less attention has been paid to the interrelations among the ecological or environmental education activities themselves and the larger social-ecological system. This poster will explore the notion of an ecology of EE, and will attempt to situate EE within a social-ecological framework, such as those proposed by Grimm, Pickett and other ecological researchers who focus on coupled human-natural systems.Using civic ecology education as an example, we explore the interrelations among an educational program and the social and bio-geo-physical components of a larger system. Civic ecology education refers to youth programs where learning is situated in community gardening, community forestry, habitat restoration, and similar small-scale, emergent environmental stewardship or civic ecology practices, which have both social and ecological outcomes. When an educational program is situated in these practices, it may become part of a virtuous feedback loop, in which youth and adult stewardship actions contribute to natural capital, which in turn produces ecosystem services. Social capital may also be enhanced through multiple mechanisms, e.g., youth and adult participation in the civic ecology activity, and through the green spaces created through their activity, both of which provide opportunities for people to socialize, build trust, and participate in the civic life of their community. In addition to viewing EE’s role in feedback loops, we consider EE as a driver of human behavior, as a mediator of human impact on the social and bio-physical environment, and as a mediator of the way in which humans use ecosystem services.Should EE situated in civic ecology practice contribute both directly and indirectly to social and natural capital and ecosystem services, then it may play a role in social-ecological systems resilience. Here we show management and educational applications for a conceptual framework focusing on EE’s role in social-ecosystems and their resilience.

A Review of Systems Biology Perspective on Genetic Regulatory Networks with Examples

We present an extensive review of genetic regulatory networks (GRNs) from a system biology perspective, and discuss pertinent research issues related to GRNs such as roles of feedback loops, and internal and external noise. A succinct review of mathematical modelling is also given as mathematical modelling is central to understand the complex molecular living systems. We discuss tryptophan production system in Escherichia coli bacteria, as an example, to illustrate how feedback loops originate, and finally we present a development of a mathematical model of circadian rhythms of Drosophila (fruit fly) as a comprehensive illustration of building a system model from components. We attempt to integrate experimentally acquired molecular biology knowledge in the model developments and discussions to emphasise the importance of being true to the data and insights in the experimental molecular biology. The experimental knowledge and insights should drive the efforts in development of mathematical and computational models of living systems, not the other way around, and this is a challenging task. Keywords: Systems biology, genetic regulatory networks, modelling, noise, circadian rhythms

Role of feedback loops in the scorpion circadian system

Scorpions are nocturnal animals whose circadian activity rhythm is entrained via light/dark programs to the median and lateral eyes. Timing of light signals conveyed by the median eyes is modified by feedback from the circadian pacemaker. Using a simulation program, NeuroDynamix, we demonstrated that these median-eye feedback loops cause a prolonged dead zone in the phase response curve. Also, entrainment by median eyes during simulated T cycles resulted primarily from brief photoreceptor twilight signals. We propose that feedback loops reduce entrainment stability, but serve a necessary function by limiting light-generated inputs to the pacemaker to a narrow circadian gate.

Neurocircuitries and neurotransmitter interactions in schizophrenia

This review describes an attempt to widen the perspective on schizophrenia and to go beyond the dopamine hypothesis. In recent animal experiments corticofugal glutamatergic pathways have emerged as powerful regulators of a variety of subcortical mechanisms, where the dorsal and ventral striatum appear to play a major role in feedback loops controlling a thalamic filter function. These loops appear to be important regulators of wakefulness and psychomotor activity. A deficient filter function will lead to an overload of sensory input to the cerebral cortex and hyperarousal and may ultimately cause breakdown of the integrative capacity of the cerebral cortex and psychosis. Both negative and positive feedback loops appear to be driven by corticofugal glutamatergic pathways, and deficient functions of these loops may cause or contribute to the positive and negative symptomatology of schizophrenia, respectively. In addition to dopamine and glutamate, several other neurotransmitters, including gamma-aminobutyric acid, noradrenaline, serotonin and acetylcholine, appear to play an important role in psychomotor activity and psychotogenesis. Behavioural and biochemical animal models illustrate the interplay between the various neurotransmitters in these respects.