Role Of Fans Research Articles

Penggunaan Akun Twitter Sebagai Media Komunikasi Di Kalangan Penggemar Musik Korean HIP HOP

Social media is media created to facilitate communication for humans. Twitter is one of the social media that is currently used by many people, not only to communicate but also to write opinions, to news. Fans as a community gather online through social media Twitter. These fans are joined in a community for the presence of a brand. Indonesia is ranked 1st as a country that talks about K-Pop on Twitter the most. Apart from talking about K-Pop, Twitter users also talk about other music genres such as Korean Hip-Hop. Base on social media Twitter, is an account that accommodates people who have the same interests to share information and communicate. The purpose of this study is to find out how social media Twitter becomes a medium of communication for fans of Korean Hip-Hop music. The research method used is a case study with a qualitative approach. The data analysis technique used in this study was by conducting interviews with six informants and one triangulator. The results of the study show that through User- Generated Content it produces an active community of Korean Hip-Hop music fans on the @khhfess account. That way the role of fans on the @khhfess account is very influential in the growth of the Korean Hip-Hop community on Twitter. This proves that Twitter social media can be the right communication medium for a community to discuss and share information.

Esports fan identity toward sponsor–sponsee relationship: an understanding of the role-based identity

PurposeDespite to useful relevance to better understand how group-level identity develops, few studies have explored the identity theory in the esports field and, in particular, considering the impact of a fan's role identity. The current study aims to explore esports fan role-identity vis-à-vis the relationship with the sponsor and the sponsee so as to understand the effects on their behavioral intentions.Design/methodology/approachUsing a sample of 356 esports fans who attended the 2021 FPF eFootball Open Challenge, a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) analyzed the psychometric properties of the constructs and a subsequent Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) examined the effects of fan identity on two types of behavioral intentions and sponsor–sponsee relationship.FindingsResults indicate that fans who highly identify with esports have the highest attachment to the event and tend toward having a positive word-of-mouth intention. Esports fans who have a higher brand identification reported a positive attitude toward the event's sponsor brand and tend to purchase its products. Moreover, the study findings also provide evidence of the bidirectional interaction between the way in which fans attach with the esports event and its sponsor brand, leading to greater reciprocity in their identity formation.Originality/valueThis study helps to understand how the fan identity process can enhance its fate and develop mutually, building role overlapping identity in the esports sponsor–sponsee relationship. Complementarily, it supports of how the marketeers and managers must analyze the importance of being a fan to the individual in order to understand how its self-identity can shape the future behavior.

How the 12th Man Influences Football Matches: The Role of Fans and Referees in Home Advantage Phenomenon.

Home advantage and referee bias are two sport factors that have been widely studied in the football (i.e., soccer) context. However, the mediating effect of spectators on these factors is not well understood, especially in the Turkish Super League. We examined (a) how variables of home advantage, referee bias, and spectator presence interacted to affect the outcome of past football matches; (b) how these variables have changed over time in the Turkish Super League; (c) and whether home advantage and referee bias differ in matches with spectators and ghost matches (without spectators). We analyzed regular season matches played in the Turkish Super League between the 2014-2015 and 2021-2022 seasons. We found that home teams had a significant advantage over away teams in matches with spectators (p < .001) and in ghost matches (p < .05 and p < .001), with small to medium effect sizes (d = .09 and .34, respectively). Regarding referee bias, away teams received more yellow cards and fewer penalties than home teams in matches with spectators (p < .001; d = -.10), and away teams received fewer yellow cards than home teams in ghost matches (p > .05; d = .05). There was no statistically significant difference between home and away teams on number of red cards in either type of match (p > .05). Thus, our data reveal that home teams have an edge over away teams with and without spectators, but this advantage is reduced during ghost matches (without spectators). We also revealed weak evidence of referee bias in favor of home teams, but only for some variables and only when spectators were present.

Living with LEGO: A fan’s re-interpretation of the interior domestic space

ABSTRACT The interconnectedness between an individual and the inhabited interior space is articulated through literature, philosophy, and critical theory. The interior, in theory as in practice, is understood even as dialectical where the domestic space is experienced. The role of fans as inhabitants of a space and their subjective fandom experience reflected through their specific expressions within the interior space are in focus. This study looks at aspects of the domestic environment with an emphasis on the collected items contained within to characterize fans’ attitudes toward the materiality of their objects of fandom. Fandom experience within the domestic interior is further explored in the context of the auto-ethnographic account of a life-long participant observer of the LEGO phenomenon, collector, and an academic-fan, where LEGO becomes a dioramic spectacle integrated into the living space. The study finally offers an externalizing fandom life-long experience and aesthetic preoccupations while creating a personalized interior.

Supporters’ attitudes towards European football governance: structural dimensions and sociodemographic patterns

ABSTRACT The role of fans in football governance is a topic of increasing academic and political interest. This article offers a quantitative approach to investigate supporters’ opinions of governance structures in European football. It asks whether fans trust governing bodies, clubs, leagues and other stakeholders currently in charge of football governance. It also investigates the extent to which fans consider they should have a direct say on how football clubs are governed. Drawing on concepts from sports governance literature, an online survey collects opinions of football fans in six European countries (United Kingdom, Spain, Turkey, Poland, France, and Germany). The results indicate a high level of mistrust from the fans on national governing bodies and presidents and owners of football clubs. Supporters have a positive view of fan involvement in governance structures, but are pessimist about the actual efficacy of supporters’ activism.

Strategi Sukses K-Pop Memasuki Pasar Musik Mainstream: Bighit Entertainment, BTS, dan ‘Army’

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study is to identify the differentiation strategy of K-pop agency in the digital economic era, as well as the role of fans in their application. The focus of this research is on BigHit Entertainment the agency that manages the current phenomenal K-pop group, namely BTS; as well as the behavior of their fans. This descriptive qualitative research uses secondary data collected from articles and videos related to the agency, the group, and their fans; as well as observational data from social media, like Twitter. This research use Miles and Huberman model of analisys techniques which include data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results of analysis show that BigHit Entertainment applied the strategies of product differentiation, marketing channel differentiation and image differentiation in order to obtain competitive advantage. Those differentiation strategies is in line with the tactical steps of digital marketing that begin with an understanding of consumer behavior, and then continued with human-oriented marketing for brand attractiveness, content marketing for brand recognition, omnichannel marketing for brand commitment, and engagement marketing for brand affinity. During the process of strategy implementation, fans that mostly consist of young people and women played a major role as a good brand advocate and contents distributors.

The influence of self-expansion on pop-star fans’ leisure constraints, commitment, involvement and future intention

ABSTRACTFans follow pop-stars as an extension of them and exhibit commitment to participate in pop-star-related activities given existing leisure constraints. This study identified self-expansion as an important characteristic of fans to offset perceived constraints, thus increasing fans’ participation in pop-star’s activities. A conceptual framework was developed to predict pop-star fans’ intention to participate in pop-star’s activities, employing the concepts of self-expansion, commitment, involvement and leisure constraints. Surveys of Korean pop-star fans (n = 393) were analyzed with structural equation modelling. Results revealed that fans’ commitment had a significant impact on leisure activity participation. Furthermore, fans’ inherent motivation for self-expansion was a critical factor in alleviating perceived leisure constraints, which enabled them to participate in leisure events. This study contributes to the literature by offering a new perspective on the role of fans’ psychological characteristics in decreasing leisure constraints. Meaningful recommendations for destination marketers include addressing fans’ unique characteristics and behaviours.

The End of Cool Japan: Ethical, Legal, and Cultural Challenges to Japanese Popular Culture ed. by Mark McLelland

Reviewed by: The End of Cool Japan: Ethical, Legal, and Cultural Challenges to Japanese Popular Culture ed. by Mark McLelland Björn-Ole Kamm (bio) The End of Cool Japan: Ethical, Legal, and Cultural Challenges to Japanese Popular Culture. Edited by Mark McLelland. Routledge, London, 2017. xvi. 224 pages. $165.00, cloth; $49.95, paper; $49.95, E-book. At the end of Boys Love Manga and Beyond,1 a previous collection edited jointly by Mark McLelland, he documents the rise of censorship of drawn images from Japan. These legal and ethical challenges take center stage in [End Page 129] The End of Cool Japan, with a focus on the repercussions for research and teaching about manga, anime, and video games. This new edited volume critically appraises the country marketing campaign "Cool Japan," which has sought to bolster "soft power" and manage Japan's image in the world. Often critiqued within and outside Japan for its ineffectiveness and awkward lumping together of anime and tea ceremony as "cool," the campaign took off in the early 2000s, when government officials became aware of the economic success of so-called Japanese popular culture abroad. As the book title portends, one underlying theme of the present volume deals with encroaching "uncool" elements trespassing on officially sanctioned ideas of coolness. Among the most salient uncool elements discussed throughout the collection are accusations by journalists in the West that Japan was the "Empire of Child Pornography," because its legislation in this area came late and excluded fictional minors. In his introduction and based on personal encounters with journalists, McLelland argues that Japan continuously functions as a weird "other" while also being simultaneously ensnared in such accusations on behalf of nonexisting persons, namely, cartoon characters. The following nine chapters explore the complex and contentious duality of "cool" nationalism and "uncool" criminalization, and the contributors trace issues of consumption, research, and education dealing with sexual depictions in Japanese media. The first six chapters share the very personal and often confessional tone of the introduction in how they deal with experiences of researchers in Anglophone countries. The last three chapters engage the challenges that fans of Japanese popular media face in Asia. Alisa Freedman opens with a reflection on how U.S. student perceptions of Japan have changed from that of a feared and revered economic superpower in the 1980s to the manga and anime heaven imagined today. Taking the globally successful horror-thriller Death Note2 as her example, she argues that Internet technologies and the many fan practices they enable (unlicensed translations, derivative fan works) ironically spell the end for the very thing Japanese cultural administrators and corporations desire, that is, control over what is cool. She offers readers a broad overview of how fans outside Japan creatively make a text their own, often ignorant of the legal issues involved and unaware of how they are transmitting a certain image of Japan. Raising awareness about the role of fans in such globalizing processes plays a part in Freedman's teaching, in which students explore social issues through their own media adaptations. The wide survey of issues captured in this chapter builds a solid ground for the essays to follow. However, on several occasions, one wishes Freedman had spelled out the [End Page 130] implications a bit clearer (e.g., what insights a student gained about gender assumptions in Japan by adapting Death Note as "Love Note" with a female, instead of a male, lead). Laura Miller continues with questions of how to engage with stakeholders of Japan's image abroad. She problematizes students who come to Japan studies as avid fans but are unwilling to examine critically the texts they love. Her stance as an anthropologist is not to teach about popular culture but rather to harness manga and anime to tackle gender representations or sexuality in Japanese society. Here, she also discusses opposition encountered outside the classroom in the form of "cultural gatekeepers" (self-proposed "normal" Japanese) who accuse her of painting an incorrect picture of Japan through research of "trivial" matters or sexual "deviance." The latter, which is perhaps best exemplified by the so-called BL genre ("boys' love" stories about male-male relationships...

Fans, fandoms, or fanaticism?

Research in consumer culture focuses on the role of fans in creating social spaces or fandoms in contrast with larger society, where new cultural meanings and values are socially negotiated. Drawing on media and cultural studies, this article describes fandoms as a process rooted in the larger phenomenon of fanaticism and its interaction with the current society. The article posits the study of fanaticism as a fruitful lens for a deeper understanding of the role of consumption and brands in today’s consumer societies.

Exploring value co-creation in Fan Fests: the role of fans

Fan Fests have recently provided various opportunities for host cities, organizers, sponsors and fans, manifesting a modern intersected third place service setting (other than a stadium) where varied stakeholders can co-create value and sport experience and consumption can take different forms and shapes. Yet, although Fan Fests are becoming integral parts of mega-events, research has fallen short of capturing the unique nature of such value co-creation ecosystem, and the role of fans in such value co-creation environment. This paper takes up this challenge and explores the still evolving nature of the Fan Fest, using a primarily consumer and participant focused approach in order to explore the experiences of a Fan Fest and address questions of event construction, participation, organization and consumption. Drawing on SDL and Consumer Culture Theory perspectives we situate the role of fans in value co-creation in Fan Fests and provide implications for management and future research.

TNF-R1, an immune checkpoint in melanoma?

Through binding to and activation of two receptors, TNF-R1 and TNF-R2, Tumor Necrosis Factor α (TNF) modulates various biological processes in the immune system. A growing body of evidence in the literature indicates that TNF may behave as a tumorigenic cytokine, facilitating cancer cell immune escape and tumor progression. We have recently provided evidence that host TNF signaling impairs CD8+ T cell-dependent immune response against melanoma. TNF blockade (with Etanercept) or deficiency (TNF knock out) facilitates the accumulation of CD8+ Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs), thereby limiting the growth of melanoma cell lines, which express Major Histocompatibility Class 1 molecules (MHCI) at high levels. Similar findings were observed in mice lacking TNF-R1, but not TNF-R2, indicating that host TNF-R1 plays a critical role in limiting the establishment of such a CD8+ T cell-dependent immune response against melanoma under our experimental conditions [1]. We and others have documented that the factor associated with neutral sphingomyelinase activation (FAN), which is an adaptor protein of the TNF-R1 [2], enhances TNF-induced apoptosis [3], leukocyte migration [4] and antibody immune response towards a thymo-dependent antigen [5]. In addition, downregulation of FAN in B16 melanoma cells decreases TNF-induced B16 melanoma motility and invasion [6]. We recently investigated the consequences of host FAN deficiency on the tumor growth of B16 melanoma cells. In sharp contrast to what we observed in mice lacking either TNF or TNF-R1, the tumor growth of B16K1 cells was not impaired in FAN-deficient mice as compared to their wild-type counterparts (Montfort and Segui, unpublished data). The latter observation suggests that the host TNF-R1 signaling, which likely represents an immune checkpoint facilitating B16K1 melanoma growth, does not critically involve the FAN-dependent neutral sphingomyelinase activation. The role of FAN may thus be restricted to some, but not all, TNF-dependent immune responses. Accordingly, the TNF-dependent anti-infectious immune response towards Listeria monocytogenes is not compromised in mice lacking FAN [5]. One of the main mechanisms that likely accounts for the TNF-dependent immunosuppression in our experimental mouse melanoma model is the capacity of TNF to trigger cell death of activated CD8+ T cells. Whereas TNF potently induced cell death of activated CD8+ T cells as documented by others, it remained unclear which TNF receptor is required for this process. On the one hand, activated CD8+ T cells expressed TNF-R2, which mediated activation-induced cell death [7]. On the other hand, exogenous TNF elicited cell death in concanavalin-A activated CD8+ T cells in a TNF-R1-dependent manner [8]. Of note, the latter study was carried out in the presence of cycloheximide to artificially sensitize lymphocytes to TNF. The use of cycloheximide may be a source of artefact and is unlikely appropriate to evaluate the physiological role of TNF and its receptors in CD8+ T cell death. Under our experimental conditions in the absence of cycloheximide, TNF-induced cell death of activated CD8+ T cells occurred mainly through a TNF-R1-dependent process [1]. This conclusion is supported by the following findings: (i) naive CD8+ T cells, which expressed TNF-R2 but not TNF-R1, resisted TNF-induced cell death; (ii) activated CD8+ T cells, which significantly expressed both TNF-R1 and TNF-R2, were sensitive to exogenous TNF; (iii) TNF-R1-deficient CD8+ T cells were fully resistant to TNF-induced cell death; (iv) TNF-R2 deficiency minimally affected CD8+ T cell death in response to TNF. The role of TNF-R1 as an immune checkpoint in melanoma gets further credence as illustrated by our data showing that the accumulation of activated CD8+ T cells into melanoma was facilitated by TNF-R1 deficiency in an adoptive transfer experiment performed in CD8-deficient hosts [1] (Figure ​(Figure11). Figure 1 TNF triggers TNF-R1-dependent cell death of activated CD8+ T cells, limiting their tumor accumulation in melanoma Our recent findings demonstrate that TNF-R1-dependent TNF signaling impairs CD8+ TIL content and likely constitutes a potent immune checkpoint in melanoma, facilitating melanoma progression. Targeting either TNF or TNF-R1 may reduce the death of activated CD8+ TILs in patients affected with melanoma and thus may constitute an emerging immunotherapy to enhance CD8+ T cell-dependent immune response against melanoma. Clinical trials are necessary to evaluate the therapeutic value of TNF blockade strategy in melanoma patients and define the eligibility criteria such as (i) TNF expression in melanoma biopsies, (ii) pre-existing CD8+ T cell infiltration, (iii) MHCI expression by melanoma cells.

A validated numerical investigation of the ceiling fan's role in the upper-room UVGI efficacy

This investigation quantifies the upper-room ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) efficacy in a room with a ceiling-mounted fan that blew air either upwards or downwards at three rotational speeds. The numerical modeling deployed a steady-state passive scalar (Eulerian) and particle tracking (Lagrangian) CFD with a rotating reference frame. Two wall-mounted fixtures horizontally collimated the irradiance field, which was measured with a flat sensor and imported into the numerical models. This study predicted the UVGI efficacy under an extreme range of microorganism susceptibilities to define relationships between the system performance and operational parameters. A mathematical expression with general validity for fraction remaining under perfect air-mixing conditions was analytically developed and used as a performance benchmark. The CFD predictions were validated by the experimental data, expressed as a fraction remaining at the room exhaust for two different microorganisms. Numerical predictions were in a good agreement with the experimental data. In general, the Lagrangian predictions agreed better with the measured data than the Eulerian predictions. Inclusion of a rotating fan significantly improved UVGI performance, but there was no benefit from increasing the fan speed beyond certain values. For this investigation where the microorganism source is located below the fan, the UVGI system performed most efficiently when the fan blew upward, with the optimal performance achieved for the moderate rotational speed of 107 rpm. The highest upper-room UVGI efficacy for this fan setup is due to the airflow and UV light fields enabling a delivery of the highest amount of UV irradiation to the microorganism.

John Lennon, autograph hound: The fan-musician community in Hamburg's early rock-and-roll scene, 1960–65

This article explores the Beat music scene in Hamburg, West Germany, in the early 1960s. This scene became famous for its role in incubating the Beatles, who played over 250 nights there in 1960–62, but this article focuses on the prominent role of fans in this scene. Here fans were welcomed by bands and club owners as cocreators of a scene that offered respite from the prevailing conformism of West Germany during the Economic Miracle. This scene, born at the confluence of commercial and subcultural impulses, was also instrumental in transforming rock and roll from a working-class niche product to a cross-class lingua franca for youth. It was also a key element in West Germany's broader processes of democratization during the 1960s, opening up social space in which the meanings of authority, respectability, and democracy itself could be questioned and reworked.

The "Oklahoma City Plunder": Turner's Social Drama and Team Relocation

This essay frames the phenomenon of team relocation as a social drama defined by anthropologist Victor Turner. To support this view I examined the controversy surrounding the Seattle Supersonics' move to Oklahoma City, which occurred over a two-year period beginning in 2006 and ending in 2008. I provide a context for team relocation in the four major professional sports leagues of the United States and Canada as well as the specific context of the Supersonics controversy. I then analyze the situation as a social drama occuring between two parties: city officials and team owners. The media's role as an intermediary and the fan's role as an ibserver are also explored. I conclude briefly noting the impact of team relocation on the fans.

Stealing the Signs: A Semiotic Analysis of the Changing Nature of Professional Sports Logos

This paper explores the changing nature of professional sports logos, using semiotics and the work of postmodern writers like Baudrillard, Debord, and Jameson as its theoretical framework. Brandishing a professional sports team's logo was once a sign of allegiance; it signified the person's love for his/her favorite team. A number of forces, including television and the aggressive marketing of sports-related collectibles, have indelibly changed the relationship between fan and team. On one level, logos ‘imply social rapport and social power’ (Baudrillard 1983: 88). Wearing culturally endorsed logos of culturally endorsed teams guarantees status to the wearer. But, on another level, logos reveal the diminution of the fan's role. Fans have been reduced to buying an endless stream of team-related products, our actions ‘channeled into the global construction of the spectacle’, as Debord would argue. The uniqueness of the logo, and its original reference to connection with a team, has been erased. Where in the past fans used the logo to trumpet their ‘contact’ with a team and its players, ‘contact’ today is achieved by purchasing the goods manufactured and licensed by the team. Teams have successfully constructed an anti-player, pro-sport discourse that binds fans to them and to their products. As Coombe suggests, teams have interpellated a fan ‘with a more visual orientation and with more corporeal desires−desires met both by material consumption and by visual consumption of embodied others made available through the mass media’ (Coombe 1998: 171).