Role Of Facial Appearance Research Articles

Orthodontic management of impacted canine: A review

Permanent canines play a fundamental role in facial appearance, dental aesthetics, arch development, and functional occlusion. The process of eruption of the permanent canines leading to their final positioning in the oral cavity is complex and the longest of all the permanent teeth making it more prone to impaction. There is a need for its impaction to be properly diagnosed and managed. The orthodontists have played an important rule and are proved successful in treating them. This article reviews classification, complications, diagnosis, and treatment modalities in the management of impacted maxillary canines.

Nasolabial Angle in Profiles Perceived as Attractive: A Scoping Review

Context: The nose and lips area play an important role in facial appearance and nasolabial angle (NLA) can be considered as a determinant factor for attractiveness. The perception of beauty and attractiveness is vastly influenced by media and thus, can change with trends over time. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review of literature on NLA in faces perceived as attractive over time and in different ethnic groups. Evidence Acquisition: This study was performed following preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guideline. We conducted an electronic search using PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases with the employment of MeSH and free text terms "beauty"[MeSH], "esthetics"[MeSH], "soft tissue", "nasolabial angle", "attractive" and "cephalometric analysis". The inclusion criteria were studies that indicated facial attractiveness by a panel of at least 10 judges, evaluated the soft tissue profile characteristics, and reported the preferred NLA. Results: The search results revealed 271 related articles, of which 21 studies investigated NLA as a conducive factor in profile attractiveness and were included in the review. The range of preferred NLA was 86° to 107° for men and 84° to 123.12° for women. Conclusions: The most pleasing lip position and subsequently NLA is influenced by variables including the observer and subject’s gender, and their ethnic background as well as time. Over all, NLA in faces perceived as attractive is more obtuse in women than men. Compared to white norms, NLA is more acute among Chinese and African-Americans, while amongst Iranian women, it is not distinctly far from North American Caucasians. Over the course of time, preferred NLA has significantly changed in women but has been unwavering in men.

Officials’ Turnover, Facial Appearance and FDI: Evidence from China

ABSTRACT Using the data of turnover of Chinese city-level Party secretaries and mayors over the period 2001–2016, this paper explores the impact of officials’ turnover on foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows. We further measure the facial attractiveness score of the new official according to their official photographs and investigate the role of facial appearance of official. The results indicate that turnover of a Party secretary does not show a significant impact on FDI inflows, but in the year of a mayor’s turnover, there are fewer FDI inflows and the effect is greater when the new mayor has a lower level of facial appearance. Moreover, the impact of mayors’ turnover and facial appearance only exists in regions with lower investor protection.

Dictators Differ From Democratically Elected Leaders in Facial Warmth

Despite the many important considerations relevant to selecting a leader, facial appearance carries surprising sway. Following numerous studies documenting the role of facial appearance in government elections, we investigated differences in perceptions of dictators versus democratically elected leaders. Participants in Study 1 successfully classified pictures of 160 world leaders as democrats or dictators significantly better than chance. Probing what distinguished them, separate participants rated the affect, attractiveness, competence, dominance, facial maturity, likability, and trustworthiness of the leaders’ faces in Study 2. Relating these perceptions to the categorizations made by participants in Study 1 showed that democratically elected leaders looked significantly more attractive and warmer (an average of likability and trustworthiness) than dictators did. Leaders’ facial appearance could therefore contribute to their success within their respective political systems.

Is it in your face?: Exploring the effects of sexual dimorphism on perception of leadership potential

ABSTRACTPerceptions of a leader in a work environment is important from 2 perspectives: the leader themselves and more importantly the external observer. But what information does the observer use when making these judgments of leadership potential? Many studies on role congruity have demonstrated that gender stereotyping and perceived leadership ability is strongly tied to gender role incongruity. The role of facial appearance has been associated with leadership status and potential and becomes essentially relevant in military settings. Thus, the manner in which an individual’s face is perceived and evaluated may impact perceptions of his or her leadership ability and subsequent success. The present study seeks to extend research on how sex and gender characteristics of an individual’s face may possibly influence the perception of leadership abilities in a military service academy. Findings indicated that participants preferred individuals with gender congruent faces, which may reflect a preference for physical prowess and abilities.

Beauty and appearance in corporate director elections

We study the role of facial appearance in corporate director (re-)elections by means of director photographs published in annual reports. We find that shareholders use inferences from facial appearance in corporate elections, as a better (higher rated) appearance measure of a director reduces voting dissent. These heuristics are based on perceived competence, trustworthiness, likability, and intelligence, but not on physical beauty. The results are valid for director re-elections but not for first appointment elections as in the latter cases, shareholders may not as yet be familiar with a director’s looks. In firms with few institutional shareholders and more retail investors owning small equity stakes, the latter tend to rely more on facial appearance than institutional shareholders, presumably as institutions conduct more research on the director’s background and performance, and consequently rely less on facial appearance. While female directors generally experience lower voting dissent, their facial appearance does not affect their elections results.

Anterior Open Bite Treated by Maxillary Posterior Teeth Intrusion Using Zygomatic Miniplates: A Case Report

This case report aims to demonstrate the successful utilization of zygomatic miniplates in the treatment of an adult patient with anterior open bite (AOB). During treatment of anterior open bite, incisor extrusion may compromise facial esthetics in cases with long facial height and/or sufficient incisor exposure at rest and smile.The intrusion of posterior teeth has the advantage of correcting vertical dimension and maintaining proper incisors show. The patient, a 22-year-old boy, had an anterior open bite of 4.5 mm with increased lower facial height, bilateral posterior crossbite, and two different occlusal planes in the upper arch. Titanium miniplates were used to intrude maxillary posterior teeth with a transpalatal arch appliance to limit buccal tipping.The intrusive force was then applied through elastomeric chains placed bilaterally in the maxillary arch between the miniplate and posterior teeth.The anterior open bite was corrected within 7 months of intrusion with decreased lower facial heightand significant improvement in anteroposterior jaw relationship. This report emphasizes the significant role of facial appearance and smile. Most of the non-surgical approaches are not suitable for open bite correction in cases with long facial height and/or sufficient incisor exposure at rest and smile because of their extrusive mechanics which compromise the facial and smile esthetics. The intrusion of posterior teeth using min iplates allowing a counterclockwise rotation of the mandible to correct anterior open bite without compromising facial esthetic and smile.

Beauty and Appearance in Corporate Director Elections

We study the role of facial appearance in corporate director (re-)elections by means of director photographs published in annual reports. We find that shareholders use inferences from facial appearance in corporate elections, as a better (higher rated) appearance measure of a director reduces voting dissent. These heuristics are based on perceived competence, trustworthiness, likability, and intelligence, but not on physical beauty. The results are valid for director re-elections but not for first appointment elections as in the latter cases, shareholders may not as yet be familiar with a director's looks. In firms with few institutional shareholders and more retail investors owning small equity stakes, the latter tend to rely more on facial appearance than institutional shareholders, presumably as institutions conduct more research on the director's background and performance, and consequently rely less on facial appearance. While female directors generally experience lower voting dissent, their facial appearance does not affect their elections results.

Age Bias in Selection Decisions: The Role of Facial Appearance and Fitness Impressions.

This research examined the impact of facial age appearance on hiring, and impressions of fitness as the underlying mechanism. In two experimental hiring simulations, one with lay persons and one with Human Resource professionals, participants evaluated a chronologically older or younger candidate (as indicated by date of birth and age label) with either younger or older facial age appearance (as indicated by a photograph). In both studies, older-looking candidates received lower hireability ratings, due to less favorable fitness impressions. In addition, Study 1 showed that this age bias was reduced when the candidates provided counter-stereotypic information about their fitness. Study 2 showed that facial age-based discrimination is less prevalent in jobs with less costumer contact (e.g., back office).

Beauty and Appearance in Corporate Director Elections

We study the role of facial appearance in corporate director (re-)elections by means of director photographs published in annual reports. We find that shareholders use inferences from facial appearance in corporate elections, as a better (higher rated) appearance measure of a director reduces voting dissent. These heuristics are based on perceived competence, trustworthiness, likability, and intelligence, but not on physical beauty. The results are valid for director re-elections but not for first appointment elections as in the latter cases, shareholders may not as yet be familiar with a director’s looks. In firms with few institutional shareholders and more retail investors owning small equity stakes, the latter tend to rely more on facial appearance than institutional shareholders, presumably as institutions conduct more research on the director’s background and performance, and consequently rely less on facial appearance. While female directors generally experience lower voting dissent, their facial appearance does not affect corporate voting outcomes.

The influence of shape and colour cue classes on facial health perception

Abstract Facial appearance signals information about an individual, and one trait in particular is vitally important for social interaction and mate choice decisions: physical health. Facial cues to health can be divided into two broad classes - facial shape, which is linked to previous health and is relatively fixed; and facial colouration, which changes over the short-term, reflecting current health. These cue classes in themselves give insight into the kinds of health condition valued by human observers when making social inferences. Here, using novel and generalizable methods, the influence of these cue classes on health perception and their link to a measure of general health are examined. Study One employs a Brunswik lens model approach, finding that observers utilise exclusively shape cues to judge health, and that of these shape cues, only averageness is related to a measure of self-reported general health. Study Two shows that when averageness and carotenoid colouration are varied together, both make separable contributions to perceived health, but that averageness explains a larger proportion of variance. Taken together, these results indicate that humans may have evolved to favour cues to previous condition when judging health, because they are more valid. However, the findings also suggest that the role of facial appearance in perceiving health is more complex than previously thought, with different cues potentially reflecting specific aspects of physiological health.

Surgical treatment of isolated zygomatic fracture: Outcome comparison between titanium plate and bioabsorbable plate

Zygoma fracture is of clinical importance because malar prominence plays an essential role in facial appearance. Traditionally, most maxillofacial surgeons perform osteosynthesis with titanium plates and screws for rigid fixation. However, this procedure has certain disadvantages that include the possibility of implant exposure, palpability or loosening of the screws, painful irritation, temperature sensitization, and radiographic artifacts. In this study, we compared the function and satisfaction outcome between Bonamates® bioabsorbable implant and Leibinger titanium implant. Consecutively 53 patients with isolated unilateral zygomatic fracture that were treated with the Bonamates® bioabsorbable plate system, n=53 were compared to patients with the titanium plate system, n=55 in the period between 2009 and 2013. All patients were followed-up at least 6 months. Preoperative and postoperative facial computed tomography (CT) scans were performed and scored from 0 to 2 in the 5 areas of zygoma. A score of 2 indicated the most severely displaced fracture in one of the areas. A visual analogue scale ranging from 0 to 10 was used to assess the postoperative aesthetic and functional satisfactions. The mean ages of the patients in the bioabsorbable and titanium plate groups were 33 years and 30 years, respectively. The male to female ratios were 1.2:1 (bioabsorbable plate group) and 1.1:1 (titanium plate group). The average preoperative CT scan scores of the bioabsorbable and titanium plate groups were 5.7 and 5.1, respectively. The postoperative CT scan scores of the bioabsorbable and titanium plate groups were 1.3 and 1.1, respectively. The implant cost of the bioabsorbable group was approximately 6-fold higher than that of the titanium plate group. The complication rate was similar in both groups and included complications such as palpable implant, skin irritation, and hypersensitive cheek. The patients in both groups attained similar mouth-opening function and a satisfactory score at 6 months after operation. This study revealed that the bioabsorbable plate outcome was similar to the titanium plate outcome for patients with isolated unilateral zygomatic fracture. The bioabsorbable implant system provides another option for internal fixation devices in the treatment of zygomatic fractures and avoids implant removal surgery; however, the implant cost of bioabsorbable plates is higher than that of titanium plates in Taiwan.

The role of facial appearance on CEO selection after firm misconduct.

[Correction Notice: An Erratum for this article was reported in Vol 102(4) of Journal of Applied Psychology (see record 2017-10684-001). The wrong figure files were used. All versions of this article have been corrected.] We investigate a particular aspect of CEO successor trustworthiness that may be critically important after a firm has engaged in financial misconduct. Specifically, drawing on prior research that suggests that facial appearance is one critical way in which trustworthiness is signaled, we argue that leaders who convey integrity, a component of trustworthiness, will be more likely to be selected as successors after financial restatement. We predict that such appointments garner more positive reactions by external observers such as investment analysts and the media because these CEOs are perceived as having greater integrity. In an archival study of firms that have announced financial restatements, we find support for our predictions. These findings have implications for research on CEO succession, leadership selection, facial appearance, and firm misconduct. (PsycINFO Database Record

"The role of facial appearance on CEO selection after firm misconduct:" Correction to Gomulya et al. (2016).

Reports an error in "The Role of Facial Appearance on CEO Selection After Firm Misconduct" by David Gomulya, Elaine M. Wong, Margaret E. Ormiston and Warren Boeker (Journal of Applied Psychology, Advanced Online Publication, Dec 19, 2016, np). The wrong figure files were used. All versions of this article have been corrected. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2016-60831-001.) We investigate a particular aspect of CEO successor trustworthiness that may be critically important after a firm has engaged in financial misconduct. Specifically, drawing on prior research that suggests that facial appearance is one critical way in which trustworthiness is signaled, we argue that leaders who convey integrity, a component of trustworthiness, will be more likely to be selected as successors after financial restatement. We predict that such appointments garner more positive reactions by external observers such as investment analysts and the media because these CEOs are perceived as having greater integrity. In an archival study of firms that have announced financial restatements, we find support for our predictions. These findings have implications for research on CEO succession, leadership selection, facial appearance, and firm misconduct. (PsycINFO Database Record

The Face of the Next Leader: The Role of Facial Appearance on CEO Selection after Firm Misconduct

Research on CEO succession indicates that CEO characteristics that signal competence are valued during the CEO selection process. However, less is known about the role of perceptions of trustworthi...

Prevalence of impacted canines in population of western part of India

Aim: Dental impaction is a very frequent problem and the canine tooth is one of the most affected. Impacted canines result in many complications and their early diagnosis by radiographic evaluation is imperative. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of impacted canines in the population of western part of India. Materials and Methods: The panoramic radiographic records of 4133 patients attending the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, between September 2008 and December 2012 were examined for the study. The age of the patients ranged from 15 to 67 years, with a mean of 26.7 years. Results: The prevalence of canine impaction in males was 2.3% and 3.6% in females. The overall prevalence was 2.9%. Maxillary left canines were the most frequently impacted (89.3%). Only 13 cases showed impaction of the mandibular canine. Unilateral impaction was seen in 94% of the patients. Conclusion: Canines play a vital role in facial appearance, dental esthetics, arch development, and functional occlusion. If signs of ectopic eruption are detected early, every effort should be made to prevent impaction and its consequences. Early intervention eliminates the need for surgical intervention and complex treatment.

The Functionality of Facial Appearance and Its Importance to a Korean Population

BackgroundMany people have an interest in the correction of facial scars or deformities caused by trauma. The increasing ability to correct such flaws has been one of the reasons for the increase in the popularity of facial plastic surgery. In addition to its roles in communication, breathing, eating, olfaction and vision, the appearance of the face also plays an important role in human interactions, including during social activities. However, studies on the importance of the functional role of facial appearance. As a function of the face are scare. Therefore, in the present study, we evaluated the importance of the functions of the face in Korea.MethodsWe conducted an online panel survey of 300 participants (age range, 20-70 years). Each respondent was administered the demographic data form, Facial Function Assessment Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and standard gamble questionnaires.ResultsIn the evaluation on the importance of facial functions, a normal appearance was considered as important as communication, breathing, speech, and vision. Of the 300 participants, 85% stated that a normal appearance is important in social activities.ConclusionsThe results of this survey involving a cross-section of the Korean population indicated that a normal appearance was considered one of the principal facial functions. A normal appearance was considered more important than the functions of olfaction and expression. Moreover, a normal appearance was determined to be an important facial function for leading a normal life in Korea.

The perception of attractiveness and trustworthiness in male faces affects hypothetical voting decisions differently in wartime and peacetime scenarios

Facial appearance of candidates has been linked to real election outcomes. Here we extend these findings by examining the contributions of attractiveness and trustworthiness in male faces to perceived votability. We first use real faces to show that attractiveness and trustworthiness are positively and independently related to perceptions of good leadership (rating study). We then show that computer graphic manipulations of attractiveness and trustworthiness influence choice of leader (experiments 1 and 2). Finally, we show that changing context from wartime to peacetime can affect which face receives the most votes. Attractive faces were relatively more valued for wartime and trustworthy faces relatively more valued for peacetime (experiments 1 and 2). This pattern suggests that attractiveness, which may indicate health and fitness, is perceived to be a useful attribute in wartime leaders, whereas trustworthiness, which may indicate prosocial traits, is perceived to be more important during peacetime. Our studies highlight the possible role of facial appearance in voting behaviour and the role of attributions of attractiveness and trust. We also show that there may be no general characteristics of faces that make them perceived as the best choice of leader; leaders may be chosen because of characteristics that are perceived as the best for leaders to possess in particular situations.

MOC-PS(SM) CME Article: Genioplasty

After reading this article, the participant should be able to: 1. Evaluate and plan appropriate surgical correction of chin deformities. 2. Understand the different surgical techniques of genioplasty. 3. Reduce the potential complications and mange them successfully when they occur. The lower third of the face plays an important role in facial appearance and harmony. Chin disharmonies can offset the balance between the lower third with the rest of the face and can have a negative impact on facial attractiveness. This article reviews and discusses the factors to consider when assessing a patient for genioplasty, the surgical options available to treat chin deformities and restore congruity to the lower face, and potential complications and ways to minimize them.