Role Of Ethos Research Articles

PRODUCTIVE PRAGMATISM: Industrial democracy under neoliberal capitalist conditions

This essay presents two case examples of the context and practices of industrial democracy: Norwegian industrial democracy exemplified with the Aker case and the Mondragon Cooperative Experience (a term Mondragon often uses to describe its whole structure and history). The comparison illustrates the necessity of combining general systems theory, the distinction between political and socio-technical participation, and the role of ethos, worldview, and heedfulness in understanding how these enterprises operate and manage ongoing challenges. Our central motive is to promote the expansion of organizational democracy within the global industrial system as a superior and more humane alternative to global neoliberal capitalism. These are not simple comparisons because these systems have different histories, contexts, and dynamics. In making the comparison, we show that the constant process of balancing and rebalancing political and socio-technical participation is a key dynamic in keeping such democratic systems viable. We also show that enterprise ethos and worldview, far from being an add-on or a “soft” dimension, is the bedrock on which such systems rely. After making this general presentation, we put these systems in motion to show how they address the challenges of downsizing and strategic planning. Downsizing and strategic planning show both systems’ ability to face unexpected events and effectively cope with their potential consequences. We conclude that the differences between the cases show there is no one right way to create democratic organizations, but that paths exist and remain open for many different versions of these more humane and successful industrial organizations so necessary for creating sustainable societies.

How school ethos influences the integration of newly arrived migrant students into second level schools in Ireland and Malta

This is the first empirical study to explore how ethos influences the integration of Newly Arrived Migrant Students (NAMS) into second level schools in the Republic of Ireland and Malta.Drawing on semi-structured interviews with school leaders, teachers, and parents, the article focuses on the role of ethos in the school-led integration practices in two schools - one in Ireland and the other in Malta. Although both are schools with a denominational ethos, the two units of study are located at either end of the European Union, with very different profiles and contexts. Findings suggest that, although expressed differently depending on local circumstances and traditions, for both schools, their ethos is a primary factor in their approach to integrating NAMS.While the study is carried out in Ireland and Malta, it is also of interest to other jurisdictions where schools are faced with increasing numbers of NAMS and growing diversity amongst their student populations.

Accommodating religious diversity in denominational and multi-belief settings: a cross-sectoral study of the role of ethos and leadership in Irish primary schools

ABSTRACT This is the first empirical study to explore the ways different types of primary school in the Republic of Ireland integrate children from diverse religious backgrounds. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with principals and teachers, the article focuses on the role of ethos and leadership in the integration processes in one denominational Catholic and two multi-denominational schools. We compare school ethos and enrolment policies, as well as pedagogy and curricular design in religious education across the three types of schools. While the study is carried out in Ireland, it is also of interest to other jurisdictions where schools are faced with increasing religious diversity among their student population.

Топос, етос та естезис націонал-державного міфу в сучасній культурі

The article touches upon the issue of the need to study the phenomenon of “national-state myth” more intensively in the modern conditions of life of the society. The analysis of the national-state myth specifics is carried out not only as a kind of political myth, but firstly as a socio-cultural phenomenon. We assert that among the newest myths, which significantly affect the value orientations and life standards of each society, a special place is occupied exactly by the national-state myth. Such myth is called to form public opinion about the state as representative and defender of key nation’s interests and also culture differences. Such myth becomes especially popular in the crisis conditions of social processes in the state and its relationships with other countries. This myth is created in interests of those social strata, which occupied main positions in the management of the state. It is not necessary for such social strata to be the representatives of main nation in this society and its culture. A basic source of its promotion in society is an influence of mass communications on public consciousness in the process of symbolic production. Ethos of the “national-state myth” phenomenon in modern society is aimed at the formation of pride for nation and its culture, patriotism in the broad strata of society through an addressing to the historical events, special achievements of nation and so on. But interest to such myth and its popularity provide aesthetically beautiful moments during distribution of such social product in a symbolic exchange in modern society and its national culture. The research of the origins and functional features of "national-state myth" is realized, and they are compared to the origins and functional features of the classic, archaic myth. The specificity of these constructs of the ideal spiritual life in modern conditions is investigated, and the role of ethos and aesthesis of the “state’s art mythos” phenomenon is researched too. Also the article analyzes the formal and aesthetic aspects of the content of the information in such myth. To our opinion a modern national-state myth actually is an artistic myth on a form its presentation in facilities of mass communication. He uses facilities and possibilities of human artistic thought. Therefore modern cultural space which tested total influence of such myths appeared as a “place for a game senses and offenses” in the removal of contemporary from reality. We assert that it is liked to be a man not through insufficiency of knowledge, but because many modern people miss. Modern Europeans miss often, but yet presently they are often afraid of changes in their life through a crisis in society. Therefore such myth not only strengthens patriotism of citizens of country. Such myth creates the illusion of stability for them, gives them a confidence in itself and to the state. A modern man presently often has a desire to go from reality from its much by numeral problems in the idealizing world. Such myths give the alarmed people to calm down and enjoy life as spectacle in a theater or a circus. Myth of the “messiah calling of country” is analyzed as an example of state myth. Such myth once created terms, as ideological basis, for the representatives of one nation, to create a strong state. But in modern terms neglect to the people of other nations is drawn. It is therefore needed to mark that such myth becomes in modern terms a basis for the conflicts between different peoples. The question concerns propaganda of national exceptional nature from the side of any totalitarian states. Therefore such a myth creates terms for enmity between different nations and peoples, develops in man contempt to other people. We assert that national character of any modern nation appears in various aspects. E.g., attitude to the past, role of the country in civilization history, national historical myths, address to folk beliefs, ceremonies, and mysticism. Ethos of national-state myth not only speaks to the elements of national character of specific group of people, also causing changes in it. They are not always positive; vice versa such changes through growth of role of state myth for spiritual life of nation are a certificate of deep crisis in this society. The overstatement of the value for history of humanity conduces to inadequate and illusive perception of present life conditions of society. A man as a result of infatuation for such a myth becomes inadequate to estimate itself and other people. For his logic, acts or thoughts change. In fact, this is an a-logic. It is possible to say that under the action of such myth a man loses correct social standards of conduct. It is simply played, and a game is perceives as a real life.

An exploration of ethos in Irish Muslim schools: ethnographic insights and perspectives from parents and teachers

Islam is the fastest growing faith in the Republic of Ireland, with the number of adherents reported in 2012 at 50,000. However, despite this number there are only three Muslim primary schools. Empirical research on Muslim schools in Ireland is currently very limited. This article aims to provide insight and understanding into the role of ethos as a lived experience among children in Muslim primary schools in contemporary twenty-first century Ireland. The data for this ethnographic study were based on observations and interviews with Muslim parents and religion teachers in two Muslim Irish state-funded schools. This study revealed both similarities and variations between the schools, despite being under the same patronage. These were significantly notable in how the ethos was manifested and experienced by Muslim pupils, in terms of prayer, dress code and physical environment. The article concludes with some implications for the research.

The Hidden Ethos Inside Process Pedagogy

The outsider ethos established by Ken Macrorie, Peter Elbow, and Donald Murray in their early books is a driving force behind process pedagogy. Close textual analysis of these theorists can help writing instructors better understand the role of ethos in process pedagogy and in their own teaching.

Reviews and Reactions: A Rhetorical-Cultural Analysis of The Business of Being Born

This article analyzes The Business of Being Born, a documentary that critiques dominant American childbirth practices, practitioners, and locations as overmedicalized, and offers midwife-attended homebirth as a safe, viable option. The rhetorical-cultural analysis focuses on the documentary's reception, including twenty-six film reviews and two statements issued by the American Medical Association and the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. The article demonstrates the role of ethos in genre reception, with a particular look at celebrity ethos associated with documentaries. The article suggests not only that visual arguments such as documentaries currently affect cultural conversations more readily than print arguments but also that dominant discourses and ideologies delimit those conversations' boundaries.

(So) What if it's All Just Rhetoric?

This essay reviews Professor Eugene Garver's For The Sake of Argument: Practical Reasoning, Character, and the Ethics of Belief. Partly through legal examples such as Brown v. Board of Education, Garver explores the role of ethos in persuasion and develops an ethics of practical reason, which he applies to judicial opinions. This review discusses the strengths and weaknesses of Garver's approach, and uses his argument to consider why legal academics are often hostile to the rhetorical dimensions of the law. The essay concludes that Garver makes a persuasive case for treating rhetorical choices as ethical choices properly subject to ethical criticism, but that such criticism will not alter judicial practice very much. It also concludes that legal academics should not be so hostile to rhetoric, especially because much of what we do counts as rhetoric. Nor should we be bothered by the fact (and it is a fact) that much of what counts in law rests on rhetorical strategies that go beyond logos. That fact implies that we do not have a comparative advantage in teaching and analyzing all aspects of law, but it does not imply that we have no such advantage. Rather than criticizing rhetoric, it would be better to acknowledge explicitly that law and rhetoric are inseparable, and that if we have a comparative advantage over other disciplines it lies largely in the logic of the law. We therefore should be content to be partisans of logic. To the extent we have a comparative advantage, we have limited influence over the direction of the law; to the extent we seek such influence, we are likely to lose our comparative advantage.

The Presumptions of Expertise: The Role of Ethos in Risk Analysis

The civilian nuclear power enterprise in the United States has had a short and not very happy life. There was an initial period of slow development from the late 1940s through the late 1960s, a very brief period of rapid growth that lasted less than ten years, and then an unforeseen rapid decline beginning in the mid-1970s that was only hastened by the Three Mile Island accident in 1979; this decline has been called "one of the most stunning reversals of fortune in the history of American capitalism."1 A Forbes article declared in 1985 that "for the U.S., nuclear power is dead," and the scientist who chaired the National Research Council's 1992 report on nuclear power declared a year later that the future of nuclear power in the U.S. "looks grim."2 Although some 20 percent of the nation's electric power in 2003 was supplied by 104 nuclear plants, nuclear power has not been prominent on the public agenda: in the 1990s, a slowed growth in the demand for energy, reduced funds for R&D, the deregulation of the power industry in 1992, and reduced prices for fossil fuels made the nuclear option less important.3 There has been some [End Page 163] talk of a "second nuclear era," with new plant designs that are "inherently safe," new approaches to regulation, and changed energy economics.4 However, no plants have been ordered since 1978, and all forty-one orders placed since 1973 were canceled or rejected by state governments; of 259 orders ever placed, 124 were canceled, the last two in 1995. The last operating license was issued in 1996, for a plant whose construction permit was originally issued in 1973.5