Role Of Ethnic Groups Research Articles

ШЫҒЫС ҚАЗАҚСТАНДАҒЫ ЭТНОДЕМОГРАФИЯЛЫҚ ҮДЕРІСТЕРДІҢ КЕЙБІР МӘСЕЛЕЛЕРІ (ХХ ғ. 20-30 жж.)

The article is dealing with the study of ethnodemographic processes in East Kazakhstan in the 1920-1930s. The paper analyzes aspects of the growth and decline of ethno-demographic changes in the studies of the twentieth century, the political situation in Kazakhstan in 1920-1930s and its influence and changes in ethno-demography, the state of the political life of the deported ethnic groups, the course and directions of ethno-cultural development in the region and the role of ethnic groups in the culture of Kazakhstan .The 1920s and 1930s were full of political events and campaigns. During the Civil War, the situation was aggravated by the neglect of taxes and the confiscation by the military of all food available to the army, despite protests. The article discusses the features of the study of demographic processes, population structure, location and significance. The political changes of the 1930s had a significant impact on the socio-demographic development of the population of the East Kazakhstan region. The local population has decreased, but the population growth has occurred at the expense of other nationalities. In the article, based on extensive archival materials, the author introduces the history of the peoples who moved to the Semipalatinsk and East Kazakhstan regions in 1930. Studies of the demographic situation of the population of the region during the famine of the 1930s were written using archival documents and periodicals, scientific research. The system of concepts of demographic science was also analyzed, its history and current state, its connection with sociology and social policy were considered.

ШЫҒЫС ҚАЗАҚСТАНДАҒЫ ЭТНОДЕМОГРАФИЯЛЫҚ ҮДЕРІСТЕРДІҢ КЕЙБІР МӘСЕЛЕЛЕРІ (ХХ ғ. 20-30 жж.)

The article is dealing with the study of ethnodemographic processes in East Kazakhstan in the 1920-1930s. The paper analyzes aspects of the growth and decline of ethno-demographic changes in the studies of the twentieth century, the political situation in Kazakhstan in 1920-1930s and its influence and changes in ethno-demography, the state of the political life of the deported ethnic groups, the course and directions of ethno-cultural development in the region and the role of ethnic groups in the culture of Kazakhstan . The 1920s and 1930s were full of political events and campaigns. During the Civil War, the situation was aggravated by the neglect of taxes and the confiscation by the military of all food available to the army, despite protests. The article discusses the features of the study of demographic processes, population structure, location and significance. The political changes of the 1930s had a significant impact on the socio-demographic development of the population of the East Kazakhstan region. The local population has decreased, but the population growth has occurred at the expense of other nationalities. In the article, based on extensive archival materials, the author introduces the history of the peoples who moved to the Semipalatinsk and East Kazakhstan regions in 1930. Studies of the demographic situation of the population of the region during the famine of the 1930s were written using archival documents and periodicals, scientific research. The system of concepts of demographic science was also analyzed, its history and current state, its connection with sociology and social policy were considered.

ЭТНИЧЕСКОЕ ПРЕДСТАВИТЕЛЬСТВО В ЭКОНОМИКЕ, САМОУПРАВЛЕНИИ И ПОЛИТИКЕ КАЗАНИ ПОЗДНЕИМПЕРСКОГО ПЕРИОДА

The article deals with the dynamics of ethnic representation in the economy, self-government and politics of Kazan in the late imperial period. With the development and integration of the urban economy, the dismantling of particular institutions and the formation of a unified urban self-government, the problem of participation and representation of ethno-confessional groups in these modern spheres became especially relevant. Methodologically, the Ethnic Representation Index (IER) is used to analyze the dynamics and compare the degree of participation of ethnic groups in various spheres. Its application avoids superficial assessments of the relations and the role of ethnic groups in urban institutions. Already in the late imperial period, the processes of gradual indigenization of the urban population began, in particular, the strengthening of the representation of Tatars and other ethnic groups of the region in the city. Differences in the representation of ethnic groups in the sectors of urban employment are revealed, and the presence of pronounced niches of economic specialization, determined by a combination of factors, is shown. The place of ethnic groups in the urban economy and employment was determined by the characteristics of their inherent cultural capital, skills, social ties in the city, region and at the interregional level. The conclusion is made about the relative balance of the Russian-Tatar representation in the city governance: underrepresentation in one aspect was compensated by overrepresentation in another. Taking into account the dynamics of the IER, the author analyzes the role of the ethno-confessional factor in urban policy, in the competition between various strategies of city management and in the choice of ways to consolidate the urban elite and mobilized interest groups.

MEDIATION AS A NEW TREND IN THE POLITICAL PROCESSES OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

This article is devoted to the issue of mediation in a multi-ethnic environment, which has a number of features, because even every domestic conflict can be colored in ethnic tones. The role of ethnic groups themselves is very important here, as well as the role of the Assembly of people of Kazakhstan, which performs mediation functions for reconciliation and building harmonious interethnic relations in the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Этнос и этническое самосознание в цивилизационном дискурсе: размышления

Статья посвящена обсуждению проблем, возникающих сегодня в ходе этно­культурного развития в цивилизационном контексте. Вопрос в том, является ли этнос как традиционная социальная структура лишь объектом воздей­ствия ныне интенсивно развертывающихся помимо него цивилизационных процессов или может рассматриваться как полноценный субъект обществен­ного развития, существенно влияющий на динамику цивилизации в целом и, стало быть, активно взаимодействующий с прочими факторами, определяю­щими направление динамики современного общества? По мнению авторов, именно в этом состоит сегодня суть проблемы этноса. Соответственно, в статье предпринимается попытка выявить актуальные тенденции в фило­софско-гуманитарных исследованиях этноса, в рамках которых осмыслива­ются современные направления цивилизационного развития. Сегодня соци­ально-культурная роль этноса радикально меняется, причем, что очень важно в контексте обсуждаемой темы, резко возрастает роль этносов в отно­шениях человека с природой. И в этом контексте авторы ставят вопрос о применимости западного цивилизационного дискурса к культурно-циви­лизационному опыту взаимодействия человека и природы народов Кавказа. Сохранение культурного этнического разнообразия авторы связывают с не­обходимостью воспроизводства смыслового пространства этноса, опираясь на идеи Г. Шпета об эстетических основаниях этнической психологии. В этом случае, полагают они, открываются дополнительные возможности взаимодействия этносов Юга России в едином культурном пространстве.

Ethnicity and Political Development in Iran

Today, the ethnicity phenomenon and its relation with political development is one of the important concerns of developing societies. In societies without government and axis, ethnic groups and ethnicity play an important role in the ups and downs of the ruling party. The presence of the government-axis phenomenon in the history of Iran has caused the country to have less tribal and ethnic conflicts. However, the governments formed from autocratic thoughts and coup d’etat have tried to strengthen their legitimacy through nationality (forced nation building) and create division between ethnic groups. The Pahlavi period was the golden era of ethnicity and nationalist views. Thus, the then government played a major role in restricting the participation of ethnic groups in governmental issues. This is while the occurrence of the Islamic Revolution was a turning point in expedition of political development followed by political participation. In other words, the climate after the Revolution caused the role of ethnic groups in political interaction to attain a social aspect. On this basis, there are two hypothesis about ethnicity and political development in the two different periods, namely before and after the Revolution: 1. Participation of ethnic groups in the political arena had a nationalistic aspect and led to a downward trend in political development. 2. Participation of the ethnic groups after the Revolution had a social nature and led to political development. The hypothesis is that there is a basic relationship between ethnicity and political development. In other words, the main question posed is, what are the effects of ethnicity on the process of political development in form of participation? The answer is, the participation of the ethnicity has a great effect in political development. The period for analysis in this hypothesis includes 1. Pahlavi era; 2. The period after the Islamic Revolution. Therefore, two hypotheses comprise the main idea of the present paper: 1. The nationalistic view before the Revolution led to reduction in political participation. 2. Societal policy for ethnicity caused ethnic groups to grow and develop after the Islamic Revolution.

Teaching Multi-Ethnic Literature: Some Psychological Considerations

To teach multi-ethnic literature of the United States successfully, no matter what the age of the student, a teacher must be prepared to steer a very delicate course; for though it can be argued that American literature in general is laden with emotional charges for all of us, multi-ethnic literature ups the voltage considerably. Here, students are likely to be confronted with an array of worldviews that will challenge many of their social biases. Because of the inclusive nature of the course, they will also be confronted with issues related to their own ethnic past and present. Many might just as soon not face the ghosts and will fight the course every inch of the way; others will discover doorways to a richer personal myth as they confront the demons. For the past five years I've taught such a course at the university level and have found it to be a deeply satisfying teaching experience. In considering why this course works so well, why it is the appropriate beginning to a more intensive study of particular ethnic literatures, and how the presentation might be developed to further enrich its value to students, I've looked beyond literary theory to a field whose insights are particularly relevant to the subject matter. The field I refer to is depth psychology, especially the model first created by the Italian psychiatrist Roberto Assagioli in 1910. Although the connection between Assagioli's pioneering work in integrating the individual psyche and the study of American ethnic literature has not been elaborated-or even acknowledged-many of his major ideas offer an elegant and affirmative approach to understanding the role of ethnic groups in America and their potential to renew our national life. The relative lack of awareness of Assagioli's work as it applies to the study of ethnicity is not surprising given a more general ignorance of this psychology; whereas C.G. Jung's work has a wide following in the United States, Assagioli remains better known in Europe. However, the two men, separated in age by seventeen years, knew each other and corresponded cordially; and as with Jung's analytic psychology, Assagioli's psychosynthesis has been applied in the helping fields of psychotherapy, medicine, education, religion, and organizational de