Role Of Ethics Research Articles

Reflecting on the Role of Designers in Society

This special issue of Temes de Disseny explores the ethical, theoretical and practical roles of designers in the 21st century, focusing on design justice, community engagement, digitalization, AI, healthcare and social justice. In today’s world, beset by multifaceted crises, these changes must trigger a reflection on the strategic direction of design practice to keep its social and economic importance in society relevant and productive. Increasingly, designers are focusing on social and ethical considerations, ensuring their processes and outcomes align with sustainability, well-being, privacy and broader societal impact. This shift has sparked a growing interest in examining the complex role of designers through various lenses. This issue of Temes de Disseny delves into these topics through original research papers, case studies and a provocation.

ORGANIZATIONS BUILDING TRUST, COHESION, FRATERNITY, AND FRIENDSHIP OUTSIDE THE FAMILY AND WITHIN THE COMMUNITY

AbstractThe author is managing director of Our Community, an Australian social enterprise. He provides context on what it’s like being a leader in that country. He describes Our Community as “basically a support organization for not‐for‐profit organizations (NFPs) and a software vendor to government.” In relating its origins, he writes that “I wanted to break new ground in this country with a new thing that would reward its employees, that I could make some money from, and that would do good in the world.” He also explains that “without support from investors who are poised precisely between commerce and philanthropy, leadership would simply be beside the point. From the beginning, Our Community was for‐profit, but not for‐profit only. A lot of our offerings were free, subsidized by our profit centers.” He also points to the pivotal role of ethics for him, and that he was “awarded a Vincent Fairfax Ethics in Leadership scholarship 30 years ago and it was a seminal moment in my career.” A separate sidebar explains, “What We Believe,” “What We Do,” and “How We Work.” For instance, in the latter: “We believe in a work environment that allows for an authentic life balance.”

Human dignity and the pursuit of knowledge in Islamic thought: Insights from the Quran

This research examines the interplay between human dignity and the pursuit of knowledge within Islamic thought, using insights from the Quran. It explores how Islamic epistemology emphasizes the harmonious integration of divine revelation and human reason, underscoring the importance of knowledge as a key factor in both intellectual and spiritual development. By analyzing the contributions of classical Islamic scholars, such as Al-Farabi, Ibn Sina, and Al-Ghazali, alongside Western epistemological traditions, the study highlights complementary and contrasting approaches to understanding knowledge and its role in shaping ethics and governance. Furthermore, the research draws on contemporary case studies, such as the Marrakesh Declaration and Masdar City, to illustrate how Quranic principles of cooperation, justice, and environmental stewardship can inform modern societal frameworks. Ultimately, the study argues for the continued relevance of Islamic thought in addressing contemporary global challenges, emphasizing that the pursuit of knowledge not only advances scientific discovery but also promotes human dignity, justice, and societal well-being.

Are all luxury guests the same? A benefit segmentation of 5-star hotel customers

PurposeThis research aims at identifying segments of luxury guests based on the benefits they seek when staying at 5-star hotels. The study also wants to investigate whether ethics and sustainability have a role in differentiating the segments.Design/methodology/approachAn online panel survey allowed the collection of 508 responses with participants from Switzerland that spent at least one night in a 5-star hotel between 2022 and 2023. The survey asked about perceived benefits, sustainable tourist behavior, preferred hotel green practices, trip-related factors and socio-demographics. Hierarchical cluster analysis was employed to group participants on the benefits identified via exploratory factor analysis. The other variables were used for segment profiling.FindingsResults show the existence of three customer segments for 5-star hotels: the ethical enthusiast, the unconcerned aesthete and the practical connoisseur. These differ in the importance they assign to ethical, social and symbolic benefits, as well as functional service benefits. The relevance of sustainability in the luxury hotel experience is stronger for the ethical enthusiast.Practical implicationsLuxury hotel managers should highlight sustainable practices on social media to attract ethical enthusiasts. In addition, marketing content customization should be used to appeal to the benefits and profile of each identified segment.Originality/valueThis is the first study that provides a benefit segmentation of luxury hotel guests, and it is also the first research that considers the role of sustainability and ethics in differentiating these customers.

Trust in Government and Tax Compliance in Indonesia and Malaysia: Do Ethics and Tax Amnesty Matter?

This study examines the moderating role of tax amnesty and the mediating role of ethics in the relationship between trust in government and tax compliance among taxpayers in Indonesia and Malaysia. The data were analysed using the structural equation modeling to examine the mediating role of ethics and hierarchical regression analysis to test the moderating role of tax amnesty in the relationship between trust and tax compliance. Based on the sample collection using the purposive sampling method, the study included 529 respondents from Indonesia and 137 from Malaysia. The findings reveal that the relationship between trust in government and taxpayer compliance is statistically significant with ethics as full mediator in Indonesia. However, the relationship between trust in government and tax compliance is not statistically significant in Malaysia. Ethics has a direct effect on tax compliance in both countries. Tax amnesty does not show a moderating effect in the relationship between trust in government and tax compliance. However, it plays a negative predictive role for tax compliance in Indonesia. This study will assist the government in developing tax compliance strategies to increase tax revenue with the launch of a similar program without neglecting the honest taxpayer.

The Role of Ethics in Library and Information Practice

The Role of Ethics in Library and Information Practice

Capacity, Autonomy, and Risk: Reflecting on Asymmetries in Capacity to Consent and Capacity to Refuse

AbstractThere has been renewed interest in whether we should understand standards of decision-making capacity (DMC) to be risk-relative. Critics of risk-relative standards often highlight a puzzling asymmetry that they imply; a patient may have the requisite DMC to consent to a treatment that is in their best interests, whilst lacking the requisite DMC to refuse that same treatment, given the much higher risk that this would entail. Whilst some have argued that this asymmetry suggests that risk-relative standards are nonsensical, in this paper I defend a ‘quality of evidence’ view of such standards. I begin by outlining DMC’s purported gate-keeping role in medical ethics, and identifying three key normative claims that undergird this role. I then explain how two competing theories of risk-relative standards are incompatible with at least one of these claims. Drawing on Douglas’ distinction between standards of ‘true capacity’ and standards invoked in the ‘test’ for capacity, I then outline my ‘quality of evidence’ view. I explain how the view is compatible with the aforementioned normative claims, and outline the nature of the asymmetry it implies. I conclude by responding to the objection that there is no meaningful distinction between ‘true capacity’ and the ‘test’ for capacity.

Retraction Note: Role of sustainability ethics in amplifying investments in common green properties and infrastructure in China

Retraction Note: Role of sustainability ethics in amplifying investments in common green properties and infrastructure in China

Этические проблемы и риски формирования цифровой модели современного университета

The relevance of the study lies in the fact that the digital transformation of higher education, being a strategic national direction, envisages universities achieving digital maturity, including through the creation of a digital model that meets the needs of modern society and the digital economy. However, the process of forming a digital university reveals numerous ethical problems, which may lead to ambiguous consequences for both educational institutions and higher education as a whole. This paper examines the concept of a “digital university” and its content, providing an author’s definition and identifying the main elements that form a unified digital educational environment. The advantages of the digital university in comparison to the traditional university are highlighted, and the importance of forming a digital model of the university is determined. Furthermore, the ethical problems that arise during the digitalization of key elements of the digital university are identified and analyzed. The risks associated with the process of forming the digital model of the modern university are indicated, and recommendations for their prevention are provided. Conclusion dwells upon the fact that the digital university model presents a dilemma that can be resolved by developing effective approaches to its creation, with a focus on ethically justified decisions in the use of digital technologies in the educational process. Recognizing the role of traditional university ethics in the digital educational environment, promoting the development of humanities knowledge, and codifying digital scientific and educational activities are essential steps in this direction.

“If it can be done, it will be done:” AI Ethical Standards and a dual role for public relations

This research reports a five-year study with different types of participants to examine questions related to ethics in artificial intelligence (AI) and the use of AI in public relations and professional communication. AI specialists from computer engineering and closely related fields, as well as CCOs, communication directors/managers, public affairs officers, and CEOs participated in this research, explaining and assessing the role of ethics in AI. Through numerous points of data collection, the topic of AI ethics in public relations was examined through a mixed method approach. This study offers insight into the ethics and design of AI systems that communication professionals must not only use in practice but also understand, advise upon, ethically oversee, and occasionally defend in the public sphere when used (or commissioned) by our organizations. After a review of broad literature and longitudinal data from hundreds of sources, recommendations for a more robust framework for AI ethics in public relations are proposed. Ethical considerations and quantum and neuromorphic computing are posed as means to avoid technocracy, and base use of these advanced systems on moral values.

A Categorical Framework of Ethical Leadership for Public Organizations: Testing a Multi-Dimensional Model of Local Government Managers

Organizational managers serve as ethical role models in their capacity as leaders. Mainstream research on ethics leadership is multidisciplinary, although empirical research is dominated by business administration and psychology scholars with less empirical work in public administration. This article develops and tests a categorical framework for ethical leadership behavior by applying it to data from a national survey of Chief Administrative Officers (CAO) of local governments in the United States. A Structural Equation Model (SEM) is used to test six dimensions of ethical leadership behavior and support is found for the model. This research is novel since it extends the ethical leadership research in business administration and psychology to local government managers and by extension, to public managers in general.

Creating a Multidisciplinary Bioethics Ambassador Program at a Comprehensive Cancer Center.

The Ethics Committee at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK) developed a Bioethics Ambassador Program (BAP); a yearlong educational program to assist clinical and non-clinical staff develop the skills to identify and address common burgeoning ethical issues that can arise during the provision of care to patients with cancer. The goal was to provide greater awareness of the role and services of Ethics, particularly at the institution's geographically-diverse outpatient care centers and to better-instill a culture of preventative ethics. This article discusses the design and implementation of the first two years of the program and analyzes its strengths, weaknesses, and impact on MSK.

The role of institutional ethics committees in Austria : Report of the Commission on Ethics and Scientific Integrity of the Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences 2018-2023.

Research involving human subjects or identifiable human material and data must be assessed by an ethics committee. The Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences has established a Commission on Ethics and Scientific Integrity to evaluate medical research conducted by its faculty and students and at its affiliated hospitals.All projects submitted to the Commission on Ethics and Scientific Integrity between 2018 and 2023 were analyzed regarding their major characteristics, the duration of the evaluation process, and votes issued.A total of 520 applications were electronically submitted during the observation period. Most of the studies were retrospective data analyses in the field of oncology, psychology and surgery. Most studies included less than 100 volunteers. Of the applications 50% received afinal vote within 5months, during which several revision rounds took place. Overall, about 77% of votes issued during the observation period were positive and 2% were rejections. In 11% files were closed due to withdrawal. In 11% final votes were pending at the end of the observation period due to requests for revisions.Our results emphasize the importance of institutional ethics committees using the example of the Commission on Ethics and Scientific Integrity at the Karl Landsteiner University. Such committees fill agap in evaluating research not covered by Austrian legal regulations. Continuous development of standards, operating procedures, and national and international collaborations are required to assess and minimize risks to trial subjects and to provide asafe and productive environment for research in human medicine and related fields.

Etika Profesi Bimbingan dan Konseling: Asas Kerahasiaan Dalam Konseling Kelompok

The purpose of this research is to discuss the role of ethics in the guidance and counseling profession, especially the principle of confidentiality in the group counseling process. This research method uses a literature review which examines several scientific articles resulting from previous research. The results of this research indicate that counselors have an ethical obligation to explain the importance of confidentiality during group counseling. The importance of implementing the principle of confidentiality in the implementation of counseling guidance because the success of counseling guidance depends on implementing the principle of confidentiality. This concept demands openness between the counselor and counselor as well as confidentiality of the client's problems.

PERAN ETIKA INOVASI DAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN LEMBAGA DAKWAH DI ERA DISRUPTIF

This disruptive era has had the impact of major changes in various fields, including da'wah institutions. Da'wah institutions as religious organizations face the challenge of remaining relevant, effective, and harmonious in conveying moral and spiritual messages to society. In this context, the ethics of innovation and entrepreneurship are key to the adaptation of da'wah institutions, because they can influence people's perceptions of these institutions. This research aims to explore how da'wah institutions apply innovation ethically and how entrepreneurship can support its sustainability in a disruptive era. Using qualitative research methods, this research explores insights from various da'wah institutions through library research based on primary data sources and secondary data to examine the ethics of innovation and entrepreneurship in the context of da'wah institutions. Primary data are journals and books related to secondary data obtained from dictionaries, encyclopedias, and journal reviews. The research results show that ethical innovation and moral entrepreneurship are important factors in maintaining the relevance of da'wah institutions in a disruptive era and the role of ethics in innovation and entrepreneurship in da'wah institutions.

Artificial Intelligence, Warfare and Ethics in India

ABSTRACT In the second decade of the new millennium, artificial intelligence (AI) became a catchword among senior politicians and the military officers of India. Indian military officers have raised concerns about the potential use of AI-enabled weapon systems by China and by insurgents supported by Pakistan in the subcontinent. This article portrays the complex interlinkages between AI, strategic planning about future warfare and the role of ethics in India. The article, divided into three sections, deals with the role of AI and ethics in India’s grand strategy, in military strategy and in command culture. Finally, the article also offers some policy recommendations. For cultural reasons, India follows a defensive strategy. India is attempting to integrate the AI weapons within its dharmayuddha (just war) format. Indian military strategy emphasises that on no account should these intelligent machines be autonomous. Atman (self-consciousness) must not be subordinated to yantras (machines).

Promoting Patient Care Ownership in Medical Students through Standardized Simulations

Background:Professional identity formation (PIF) has been demonstrated to play an important role in medical students' transition from a peripheral role into becoming a physician that bears primary responsibility for the care of their patients1,2. Multiple factors influence this development, including clinical experiences as well as sociocultural, familial, academic, moral, religious, and gender-based roles, values, beliefs, and obligations. Many of these factors can be emulated in simulations to encourage this merging of identities; the most critical of which is patient care ownership (PCO)6. This study was conducted on the 4th year medical students at the Medical College of Georgia (MCG) and compares a self-reported PCO index score amongst the various subsets. These include main vs regional campus assignment for clinical years, gender identity, ethnicity, and prior healthcare experience before medical school. Methods:For this study, we distributed a questionnaire developed by Avey et al. (2009) and adapted by Wyatt et al.11 (2023) to evaluate the feelings and opinions of medical students regarding their level of patient care ownership11,16,17. To evaluate the effects of the longitudinal simulation curriculum on PCO as measured with the survey instrument index scores, independent sample t-tests and ANOVA between different groups with a Tukey HSD multiple-comparison post-hoc were done. Groups analyzed for differences included campus, gender identity, race, ethnicity, and prior experience in the healthcare field. Results: A total of 201 students were invited to participate in this study. There was no statistically significant difference between students from main and regional campuses in PCO index scores. When comparing between gender identities of male, female, and nonbinary, there was no significant difference (p = 0.248). Comparing ethnicities did not show any significant differences (p = 0.936). Finally, there was no significant difference in PCO index scores between students in regard to their prior healthcare experiences (p = 0.155). Conclusion:This study highlights the importance of a comprehensive and intentionally-designed simulation curriculum to prompt PCO in order to facilitate PIF prior to residency, for the purpose of producing more confident and competent intern physicians2. Conflict of interest: none Treatment of human and animal subjects: not applicable

Dynamics of Productivity in Oman: An Ordered Logistic Regression

This study investigates the nuances of labor productivity in Oman, set against the backdrop of decreasing productivity trends in the Gulf Cooperation Council Countries (GCC) regions since the 1980s. Albeit Oman's strategic initiatives like Vision 2040 to counteract this decrease, several challenges persist. Applying Order logistic regression, this research analyzed cross-sectional data gathered from 301 respondents to understand the impact of myriad factors: work ethics, cultural differences, skills, will, education, gender, marital status, and experience on productivity. It emerged that the work ethics and cultural nuances in the Omani scenario are sparsely researched. The finding of this study emphasizes the profound role of work ethics, skills, will, and educational qualifications in shaping productivity, with gender not presenting as a significant influencer. These findings can guide policymakers, HR professionals, and employers in devising strategies that accentuate work ethics, skill development, and cultural integration. Hence, the research is constrained by its cross-sectional nature, potential overlooked factors, and its specificity to the Omani milieu. Future researchers should endeavor to bridge these gaps for a holistic understanding of labor productivity in varied contexts.

Understanding the Role of Communication Ethics in the Flexing Phenomenon on Social Media

In recent years, the phenomenon of flexing on social media has gained significant attention, particularly in the context of communication ethics. Flexing, which involves showcasing luxury, achievements, or expensive possessions to gain recognition, has become prevalent among social media users. This study aims to analyze flexing activities from the perspective of communication ethics, highlighting how ethical considerations can influence the impact of flexing. Using a qualitative approach, this research involved 8 informants who actively engage in flexing on social media. Data were collected through observations of social media content and in-depth interviews with the informants. The findings reveal that flexing serves as a means of self-expression, interaction, and identity formation. Flexing actors utilize various forms of language, such as casual, informative, and professional, to convey their messages and engage with their audience. The study also identifies the motives behind flexing, including personal satisfaction, recognition, inspiration, and self-image building. Despite the potential negative aspects of flexing, such as social comparison and low self-esteem, the research suggests that adherence to communication ethics can mitigate these issues. The results of this study are expected to contribute to digital literacy, promoting ethical communication practices on social media and serving as a reference for policy-making related to social media usage in Indonesia. Through this research, we aim to provide a deeper understanding of the flexing phenomenon and its ethical implications, fostering a more respectful and positive online environment. Keywords: Flexing, communication ethics, social media, qualitative research, influence impact.

The relationship between attorney and judge: an ethical dilemma

The relevance of this research lies in clarifying the nature of the relationship between an attorney and a judge in the context of power dynamics, professional ethics and interpersonal communication. The purpose of the study is to determine the role of professional ethics in shaping the relationship between an attorney and a judge, as well as the impact of personal relationships between attorneys and judges on the judicial decision-making process. The methodological basis of the study is general scientific and special legal methods of knowledge, in particular philosophical dialectic, comparative legal, idealisation and formalisation methods. The materials used for this study are the works of domestic and foreign scholars, and the provisions of national, foreign and international legislation. The results of the study show that the relationship between an attorney and a judge is inherently complex, dynamic and critical, since it is at the intersection of legal norms, professional ethics and personal interactions. The relationship between attorneys and judges is an important component of the judicial process, as it affects the efficiency and fairness of decisions. These relationships are formed through a complex interplay of historical, ethical, professional, as well as personal interactions. Effective communication, mutual respect and a clear understanding of the role of each party are crucial to strengthen constructive relationships. The findings of the study indicate that a constructive relationship between judges and attorneys is an important element in ensuring the integrity of the legal system. Adhering to established ethical standards and maintaining an atmosphere of mutual respect and professionalism, judges and attorneys promote the administration of justice in accordance with the needs of all participants in the process, thereby increasing the level of trust and reliability of the judicial system