Role In Environmental Control Research Articles

Environmental resilience through artificial intelligence: innovations in monitoring and management.

The rapid rise of artificial intelligence (AI) technology has revolutionized numerous fields, with its applications spanning finance, engineering, healthcare, and more. In recent years, AI's potential in addressing environmental concerns has garnered significant attention. This review paper provides a comprehensive exploration of the impact that AI has on addressing and mitigating critical environmental concerns. In the backdrop of AI's remarkable advancement across diverse disciplines, this study is dedicated to uncovering its transformative potential in the realm of environmental monitoring. The paper initiates by tracing the evolutionary trajectory of AI technologies and delving into the underlying design principles that have catalysed its rapid progression. Subsequently, it delves deeply into the nuanced realm of AI applications in the analysis of remote sensing imagery. This includes an intricate breakdown of challenges and solutions in per-pixel analysis, object detection, shape interpretation, texture evaluation, and semantic understanding. The crux of the review revolves around AI's pivotal role in environmental control, examining its specific implementations in wastewater treatment and solid waste management. Moreover, the study accentuates the significance of AI-driven early-warning systems, empowering proactive responses to environmental threats. Through a meticulous analysis, the review underscores AI's unparalleled capacity to enhance accuracy, adaptability, and real-time decision-making, effectively positioning it as a cornerstone in shaping a sustainable and resilient future for environmental monitoring and preservation.

QURILISH SOHASIDA EKOLOGIK NAZORATNI AMALGA OSHIRISHNING HUQUQIY JIHATLARI

This article discusses the procedure and legal framework for environmental control in the construction industry, as well as provides sound recommendations on legislation in this area. Norm of the field in question provide legal definitions for existing environmental terms. Special attention was also paid to public environmental control in the implementation of environmental control in the course of ongoing construction work. In particular, it is scientifically and theoretically analyzed that the globalization of urbanization processes, population growth, changes in infrastructure also affect the legislation in the field of environmental protection. Possible legal problems in the field are predicted and hypotheses to overcome thereof are put forward. The role of environmental control and environmental expertise in the construction industry is legally substantiated. The state and problems of compliance with environmental and legal requirements of construction activities carried out by entrepreneurs are enumerated. The benefits and limitations imposed on them are expressed from the environmental protection perspective. In the final part, specific proposals are addressed on the mechanisms for implementing by-laws in the field of environmental protection of the construction industry.

Directional spatial processes override non-directional ones in structuring communities of lotic macroinvertebrates differing in dispersal ability

Dispersal is an essential natural process that influences community assembly, yet directional dispersal through wind and water may have distinctive effects. Environmental and spatial factors jointly influence community structure, but their relative importance is anticipated to vary with spatial distance, dispersal mode, and season. Accordingly, a systemic survey was conducted in subtropical Chinese mountain lotic systems to distinguish the relative contributions of environmental control and spatial structuring upon communities of macroinvertebrates with different dispersal ability. Macroinvertebrate samples were collected from the upper reaches and five tributaries of the Hanjiang River in October 2017 (autumn) and April 2018 (spring). These macroinvertebrates were identified and classified into three dispersal groups: aquatic passive (AqPa), terrestrial passive (TePa), and terrestrial active (TeAc). Variation partitioning analyses were performed on environmental factors and different sets of spatial factors (overland dispersal: Overland, directional downwind dispersal: AEM_Wind, along watercourse dispersal: Watercourse, and directional downstream dispersal: AEM_Water). Findings showed that both environmental filtering and spatial structuring influenced the structure of macroinvertebrate metacommunities. For AqPa and TePa groups, pure environmental effects were stronger than pure spatial effects based on most distance matrices; however, in AEM_Water, the effects of spatial processes surpassed those of environmental filtering. For TeAc group, the role of environmental control and spatial structuring varied depending on different spatial models. The results also highlighted seasonal shifts in metacommunity structuring processes. Spatial structures featuring direction, especially AEM_Water, were predominant in explaining the construction of macroinvertebrate communities. This work suggests that directional dispersal should be explicitly considered when examining the structure of ecological communities.

Variation in fouling assemblages associated with prop roots of Rhizophora mangle L. in the Caribbean: The role of neutral and niche processes

AbstractThe discussion about the drivers that govern the spatial patterns of diversity has been focussed on two seemingly independent models: (1) neutral dynamics, mediated by larval supply and dispersal limitations, and (2) niche processes, mainly environmental control. However, metacommunity theory assumes that drivers evoked by both models (niche and neutral) might act simultaneously, but at different spatial scales, in shaping assemblage composition and structure. In this study, we use communities inhabiting prop roots of the Caribbean mangrove Rhizophora mangle L. as a model system to test hypotheses about the role of environmental control and neutral dynamics as potential synergic drivers at multiple spatial scales. For this, environmental, biological and spatial data were obtained from the southern Caribbean under a hierarchical sampling design that includes (1) mangrove systems distanced apart by hundreds of km, (2) sectors within each mangrove systems separated by a few km, (3) sites within each sector separated by tens of metres and (4) neighbouring roots in a site. Non‐parametric multivariate statistics were used to describe, link and test the environmental, biological and spatial patterns. In general, we found that environmental filtering, principally salinity and supply of energy/nutrients, could be the primary filters that sustain differences in composition and structure of the assemblages at the spatial scale of mangrove systems. At local spatial scales, shallow depths (<1 m) seem to be a critical environmental filter for these assemblages. Beyond this environmental filter, it seems that the distribution and abundance of species might be more affected by neutral processes. However, we detect a wide diversity of spatiotemporal trends of species distribution and abundance. These results support the conclusion that niche and neutral processes act simultaneously, affecting species and individuals, rather than as general drivers affecting the whole metacommunity.

THE ROLE OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL AND EXPERTISE IN THE STRUCTURE OF THE MECHANISM OF ENVIRONMENTAL LAW

At present, the Prevention of eclectic problems, and their control, remains one of the main problems that worry about mankind. The role of Environmental Control and expertise in this process is crucial. The article clearly describes the legal and legal basis of Environmental Control and environmental expertise as a component of Environmental Law

The Role of Environmental Controls in Managing Asthma in Lower-Income Urban Communities.

Children living in lower-income urban communities are at much greater risk of developing asthma, going to the emergency department for an asthma attack and being hospitalized for asthma than children living in upper- and middle-income communities. For many asthmatic children living in urban communities, especially those with greater morbidity, the allergic pathway is important in the etiology of the disease. The stages of developing allergic disease can be divided into the onset of allergic sensitization, development of allergic disease and subsequent exacerbations, and it is useful to consider the relevance of interventions at each of these stages. Indoor allergens and environmental exposures are a major contributor to allergic disease, particularly among lower socioeconomic status, urban, minority communities. These exposures include allergens, environmental tobacco smoke, combustion by-products, and mold, all of which can play an important role in asthma progression as well as morbidity. These exposures are often not found in isolation and thus these concomitant exposures need to be considered when conducting environmental interventions. There have been numerous studies looking at both primary and tertiary prevention strategies and the impact on allergic sensitization and asthma with varied results. While the outcomes of these studies have been mixed, what has emerged is the need for tertiary interventions to be targeted to the individual and to reduce all relevant exposures to which an asthmatic child is exposed and sensitized. In addition, effective intervention strategies must also consider other social determinants of asthma morbidity impacting low socioeconomic, urban communities.

Seasonal changes in relative contribution of environmental control and spatial structuring on different dispersal groups of stream macroinvertebrates

The role of environmental control and spatial structuring may vary depending on dispersal mode within a metacommunity in stream systems. However, as a result of high seasonal variation in environment conditions and phenological features, there might be considerable seasonal changes in the relative importance of structuring factors. The objective of this study was (i) to determine the relative role of structuring factors for aquatic macroinvertebrates with different dispersal mode groups which have seasonal variation in their dispersal capacity and (ii) to disentangle seasonal changes in metacommunity structuring. We sampled 50 stream sites of the Middle Danube Basin (Hungary) in spring and summer. We compared Distance–Decay Relationships between communities of different dispersal groups and distance measures, and then we used variation partitioning analysis and Moran’s eigenvector maps based on overland and watercourse distances to reveal structuring processes in both seasons. We found that metacommunities of all dispersal groups were influenced in both seasons mainly by environmental factors with additional impacts of the spatial components. Our findings suggest that metacommunities of taxa with temporally stable dispersal capacity have seasonally stable structuring processes, while the relative importance of structuring factors can vary seasonally in groups with seasonally changing dispersal capacity.

Improvement in the efficiency of up-conversion infrared photodetector by nanospheres

In recent years, infrared (IR) photodetector has been extensively used and played an important role in environmental control, medical diagnostics, and satellite remote sensing. Therefore, the priority should be given to how to stimulate the development of imaging detection of weak IR signal. Up-conversion IR photodetector has an ability to detect quite weak IR signal in the large plane array focal plane, so it has civil and military significance. However, the poor light extraction efficiency due to total reflection severely restricts the overall efficiency of the up-conversion device, which has become one of the bottlenecks in improving the device efficiency.#br#In this work, we propose that the light-extraction efficiency of up-conversion IR photodetector can be improved by a self-assembled monolayer of SiO2 sphere. Thereby, the up-conversion efficiency can be enhanced. The up-conversion IR photodetector emits the light mainly from the silicon nitride (SiNx) passivation layer. And the hexagonal closely-packed SiO2 sphere monolayer is formed on the SiNx layer. In order to study the effect of the size of nanosphere on the light-extraction efficiency, we prepare the SiO2 spheres with diameters of 300, 450, 750, and 1000 nm respectively.#br#Results indicate that the devices with and without SiO2 nanospheres exhibit similar IR responses and dark currents, while the emission of device with SiO2 spheres obviously increases. And the light extraction efficiency increases up to an optimal level when the average size (750 nm) of SiO2 sphere approximates to the wavelength (770 nm) of light source. Taking into consideration other factors relating to external quantum efficiency, the light extraction efficiency of the device with 750-nm-sized SiO2 spheres on surface increases 2.6 times. In order to explain the physical mechanism for the light-extraction enhancement, we carry out the three-dimensional finite difference time-domain simulation, thereby calculating the transmission spectrum of the device with 750-nm-sized SiO2 spheres. Simulation results show that the incident light beyond critical angle can be partly extracted when the surface of up-conversion IR photodetector has a SiO2 sphere monolayer, leading to an enhanced light-extraction efficiency. So the SiO2 sphere monolayer acts as a two-dimensional diffraction grating, which behaves as a light scattering medium for the light propagating in a waveguiding mode within the up-conversion IR photodetector. Therefore it can be concluded that this is a simple and cost-effective method of improving the efficiency of up-conversion IR photodetector. The finding in this paper can also be applied to improving the light extraction efficiency of other semiconductor devices.

The role of environmental controls in determining sardine and anchovy population cycles in the California Current: Analysis of an end-to-end model

Sardine and anchovy are two forage species of particular interest because of their low-frequency cycles in adult abundance in boundary current regions, combined with a commercially relevant contribution to the global marine food catch. While several hypotheses have been put forth to explain decadal shifts in sardine and anchovy populations, a mechanistic basis for how the physics, biogeochemistry, and biology combine to produce patterns of synchronous variability across widely separated systems has remained elusive. The present study uses a 50-year (1959–2008) simulation of a fully coupled end-to-end ecosystem model configured for sardine and anchovy in the California Current System to investigate how environmental processes control their population dynamics. The results illustrate that slightly different temperature and diet preferences can lead to significantly different responses to environmental variability. Simulated adult population fluctuations are associated with age-1 growth (via age-2 egg production) and prey availability for anchovy, while they depend primarily on age-0 survival and temperature for sardine. The analysis also hints at potential linkages to known modes of climate variability, whereby changes in adult abundance are related to ENSO for anchovy and to the PDO for sardine. The connection to the PDO and ENSO is consistent with modes of interannual and decadal variability that would alternatively favor anchovy during years of cooler temperatures and higher prey availability, and sardine during years of warmer temperatures and lower prey availability. While the end-to-end ecosystem model provides valuable insight on potential relationships between environmental conditions and sardine and anchovy population dynamics, understanding the complex interplay, and potential lags, between the full array of processes controlling their abundances in the California Current System remains an on-going challenge.

Advances in pediatric asthma in 2012: Moving toward asthma prevention

Last year's "Advances in pediatric asthma: moving forward" concluded the following: "Now is also the time to utilize information recorded in electronic medical records to develop innovative disease management plans that will track asthma over time and enable timely decisions on interventions in order to maintain control that can lead to disease remission and prevention." This year's summary will focus on recent advances in pediatric asthma on modifying disease activity, preventing asthma exacerbations, managing severe asthma, and risk factors for predicting and managing early asthma, as indicated in Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology publications in 2012. Recent reports continue to shed light on methods to improve asthma management through steps to assess disease activity, tools to standardize outcome measures in asthma, genetic markers that predict risk for asthma and appropriate treatment, and interventions that alter the early presentation of asthma to prevent progression. We are well on our way to creating a pathway around wellness in asthma care and also to use new tools to predict the risk for asthma and take steps to not only prevent asthma exacerbations but also to prevent the early manifestations of the disease and thus prevent its evolution to severe asthma.

Carrying a Weapon to School

ABSTRACT Eighth and tenth grade students (n= 1,619) reported on exposure to risk and protective assets in their day-to-day lives. The relationship between carrying a weapon to school and risk and protective factors in the home and school ecological domains was explored through logistic regression conducted separately by gender. Environmental control in the home, one factor previously unexplored in the context of resiliency to interpersonal violence-related risk behavior, was incorporated into the analysis. Results support previous research that suggests school violence prevention efforts should address both risk and protective factors in multiple ecological domains. Further, results suggest violence prevention efforts should be sensitive to gender differences, and that additional research is necessary to clarify the role of environmental control as a factor influencing youth resiliency to violence.

The Role of Environmental Control on Environmental Satisfaction, Communication, and Psychological Stress

The main purpose of this quasi–field experiment was to test whether an office ergonomics training program reduces employees’ psychological stress and improves their environmental control, environmental satisfaction, and communication levels. A conceptual model was developed and used to test these relationships. Preintervention and postintervention survey data were collected from 89 knowledge workers. The office ergonomics training program significantly improved workers’ self-reported perceptions of environmental control, satisfaction with the work environment, and the degree to which the environment supported communication with coworkers. However, psychological stress was unchanged. Environmental control was found to mediate the relationship between preenvironmental and postenvironmental satisfaction. Overall, the results confirm the importance of incorporating ergonomics training into office workplaces to enhance the effective use of work environments and of knowledge workers’ sense of control and environmental satisfaction.

New production in polar regions: the role of environmental controls

Polar regions have extreme environmental conditions, but the degree to which polar phytoplankton have adaptations, particularly with respect to nitrogen uptake, is unknown. The effects of temperature, nutrient concentrations and irradiance on nitrogen uptake were investigated in diverse (Arctic and Antarctic) polar environments by analysing experimental data as well as previously published results. The effect of temperature on nitrogen uptake was found to be similar to its effect on photosynthesis, with Q 10 values slightly greater than 2. Phytoplankton showed a saturation response to nitrogen (nitrate, ammonium and urea) concentrations, and half-saturation constants were less than 1.0μM. Both of these responses are similar to those found in temperate waters. The coupling of irradiance to nitrogen uptake was significantly different from that of carbon. Ammonium and nitrate uptake saturated at lower irradiances than carbon uptake (<10 vs 30–55 W m −2), and nitrate uptake showed the greatest photoinhibition. A significant amount of ammonium was removed in darkness, which is consistent with the trends observed in field studies. Ratios of carbon:nitrogen uptake throughout the water column were inconsistent with the observed C:N ratios in the particulate matter. The functional relationship between nitrogen uptake and irradiance make estimates of new production in polar waters difficult without a complete understanding of the relationship between carbon and nitrogen uptake.