Role Of Endoscopy In Diagnosis Research Articles

Role of Endoscopy in Diagnosis of Adult Patients with Dysphagia

Role of Endoscopy in Diagnosis of Adult Patients with Dysphagia

Role of endoscopy in diagnosis and treatment of gallstone disease complicated by the pathology of the extrahepatic bilary tract (literature review)

The article presents current literature data of domestic and foreign authors on the main problems of endoscopic diagnostics and complex approach to treatment of gallstone disease complicated by pathology of the extrahepatic biliary tract. Efficiency of one-stage and two-stage methods of surgical treatment of cholelithiasis and the possibility of their practical application are considered. Complex approach for minimally invasive bile duct interventions with cholecystoccholedocholitiase, which can be conditionally divided into laparoscopic, mini-access, endoscopic by duodenoscope, cholangioscopy, ultrasound-controlled biliary intervention, is analyzed. Methods of diagnostic testing that can be divided into preoperative and intraoperative, non-invasive and invasive used in patients with cholecystoccholedocholitiase, namely fibrogastroduodenoscopy, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, percutaneous-transhepatic cholangiography, diagnostic laparoscopy, intraoperative cholangiography, intraoperative ultrasound, angiography. New concepts of providing surgical care to patients with this pathology are presented, which include one-stage performance of cholecystectomy with priority use of intraoperative antegrade endoscopic papillosphincterotomy, and retrograde litho-extraction under duodenoscope control, in comparison with the two-stage tactics of correction of cholelithiasis with pathology of extrahepatic biliary tract, when the first stage includes its decompression, rehabilitation, and the second — cholecystectomy. Statistical data of complications arising during diagnostic and therapeutic manipulations in patients with cholelithiasis complicated by pathology of the extrahepatic biliary tract are presented. Number of cases of postoperative mortality depending on the severity of complications of cholelithiasis is also considered.

Role of endoscopy in acute gastrointestinal bleeding in real clinical practice: An evidence-based review

Although upper gastrointestinal bleeding is usually segregated from lower gastrointestinal bleeding, and guidelines for gastrointestinal bleeding are divided into two separate sections, they may not be distinguished from each other in clinical practice. Most patients are first observed with signs of bleeding such as hematemesis, melena, and hematochezia. When a patient with these symptoms presents to the emergency room, endoscopic diagnosis and treatment are considered together with appropriate initial resuscitation. Especially, in cases of variceal bleeding, it is important for the prognosis that the endoscopy is performed immediately after the patient stabilizes. In cases of suspected lower gastrointestinal bleeding, full colonoscopy after bowel preparation is effective in distinguishing the cause of the bleeding and treating with hemostasis. The therapeutic aspect of endoscopy, using the mechanical method alone or injection with a certain modality rather than injection alone, can increase the success rate of bleeding control. Therefore, it is important to consider the origin of bleeding and how to approach it. In this article, we aim to review the role of endoscopy in diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis in patients with acute gastrointestinal bleeding in a real clinical setting.

The Possible Role of Endoscopy in Diagnosis of Benign Tumors of the Nasal Cavity

Benign tumors of the nasal cavity represent a large variety of different histopathological entities. Although advances in nasal endoscopy over the past couple of decades have made it possible to detect the vast majority of these lesions, accurate diagnosis and proper management can be delayed since they are misdiagnosed as inflammatory paranasal sinus disease or simple epistaxis. The aims of the present study are to determine the relative incidence of benign tumor of the nasal cavity and to provide typical endoscopic features of common tumors. This information can potentially improve clinicians' comprehension of benign tumors of the nasal cavity and be helpful in making provisional diagnosis. The present study included 32 patients (25 males, 7 females) with benign tumor of the nasal cavity, which was pathologically confirmed. The most common symptom was nasal obstruction (12/37.5%), followed by recurrent epistaxis (7/21.9%). The most common involving site was anterior nasal septum (17/53.1%), followed by nasal vestibule (7/18.8%) and inferior turbinate (4/12.5%). The most common pathology was squamous papilloma (12/37.5%), followed by lobular capillary hemangioma (7/21.9%). The provisional diagnosis was easily made by nasal endoscopy in 19 (59.4%) patients with typical endoscopic features, especially squamous papilloma, lobular capillary hemangioma, and verruca vulgaris. Clinicians should keep in mind that benign tumors of the nasal cavity are included in the differential diagnosis of unilateral nonspecific nasal symptoms such as nasal obstruction and epistaxis. Also, clinicians should be familiar with the endoscopic findings of various benign tumors and perform the diagnostic approaches with the provisional diagnosis on the basis of those findings.

Diverticulum of the Gastric Fundus on Endoscopy

Introduction: A gastric diverticulum (GD) is a protruding pouch from the gastric wall and an uncommon anomaly. It is often secondary to traction or dilatation of the gastric wall and is usually asymptomatic. It is rare with a prevalence of 0.12% (2). A GD is often detected on endoscopy or CT and management can range from medical to surgical depending on symptoms. Symptoms often range from mild epigastric pain to nausea, hematemesis, and melena. The following two cases illustrate patients with asymptomatic diverticulum of the gastric fundus discovered on endoscopy. Case 1: 60 year old male with a past medical history of systemic sclerosis, esophageal dysmotility, iron deficiency anemia presented with hematochezia. Endoscopy was performed which revealed a diverticulum of the gastric fundus. (Figure 1,2). CT abdomen on the same visit did not reveal a gastric diverticulum.Figure 1Figure 2Case 2: 69 year old male presented with atypical chest pain and gastroenterology was consulted after a negative cardiac workup. Patient reported stabbing chest pain not associated with eating and lasted 20-30 seconds associated with intermittent non-bloody diarrhea with 3-4 bowel movements per day. EGD the next day revealed a diverticulum in the fundus and erythema of the body of the stomach with some concern for gastric Crohn's (Figure 3). Biopsies however were unremarkable.Figure 3Discussion: Diverticula of the gastric fundus are rare. Symptoms may range from mild epigastric pain to severe complications such as hemorrhage and perforation. A gastric diverticulum can be misdiagnosed as an adrenal mass on CT or may harbor malignancy that can be seen on endoscopy (1). These cases illustrate the important role of endoscopy in diagnosis and visualization and emphasize that a careful exam of the whole stomach including the fundus is necessary to characterize diverticula as benign or malignant. This case also illustrates a role for CT which may not always reveal a diverticulum as in case 1. Unlike a CT scan, endoscopy allows for direct visualization, biopsy and intervention as necessary and can often determine if medical or surgical management is needed.

Role of Endoscopy in Diagnosis of Intraductal Papillary Neoplasm of the Bile Duct

Role of Endoscopy in Diagnosis of Intraductal Papillary Neoplasm of the Bile Duct

The role of endoscopy in diagnosis and treatment of mass-type autoimmune pancreatitis

The role of endoscopy in diagnosis and treatment of mass-type autoimmune pancreatitis

Endoscopic Evaluation of Upper and Lower Gastro-Intestinal Bleeding.

Introduction:A myriad of pathologies lead to gastro-intestinal bleeding (GIB). The common clinical presentations are hematemesis, melena, and hematochezia. Endoscopy aids localization and treatment of these lesions.Aims:The aim was to study the differential diagnosis of GIB emphasizing the role of endoscopy in diagnosis and treatment of GIB.Patients and Methods:A prospective study of patients with GIB referred to the Endoscopy unit of two health facilities in Port Harcourt Nigeria from February 2012 to August 2014. The variables studied included: Demographics, clinical presentation, risk score, endoscopic findings, therapeutic procedure, and outcome. Data were collated and analyzed using SPSS version 20 software.Results:A total of 159 upper and lower gastro-intestinal (GI) endoscopies were performed during the study period with 59 cases of GI bleeding. There were 50 males and 9 females with an age range of 13–86 years (mean age 52.4 ± 20.6 years). The primary presentations were hematochezia, hematemesis, and melena in 44 (75%), 9 (15%), and 6 (10%) cases, respectively. Hemorrhoids were the leading cause of lower GIB seen in 15 cases (41%). The majority of pathologies in upper GIB were seen in the stomach (39%): Gastritis and benign gastric ulcer. Injection sclerotherapy was successfully performed in the hemorrhoids and a case of gastric varices. The mortality recorded was 0%.Conclusion:Endoscopy is vital in the diagnosis and treatment of GIB. Gastritis and Haemorrhoid are the most common causes of upper and lower GI bleeding respectively, in our environment

The Role of Endoscopy in Diagnosis and Treatment of Ampullary Tumor

Tumors of the major duodenal papilla, also known as ampullary tumor, are rare with an approximate 5% incidence of all gastrointestinal neoplasm. These tumors seem to be detected more frequently with increasing performance of upper endoscopic examination and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Adenoma, most common benign disease of ampullary tumor, is very important because of its potential to undergo malignant transformation to ampullary cancer. Especially, endoscopic ultrasound or transpapillary intraductal ultrasonography can provide more detailed and accurate information on the extent of ampullary tumors and proper treatment should be done after diagnosis. Considering perioperative morbidity and mortality of surgical resection, endoscopic papillectomy is regarded as a curative treatment of ampullary adenoma. However, the indication of the procedure is very strict and there are various complications related to the procedure. Therefore, it is important to understand the role of endoscopy in diagnosis and treatment of ampullary tumor. In this review, the diagnostic role of endoscopy for ampullary tumor and the treatment method of endoscopic papillectomy will be discussed. Korean J Pancreas Biliary Tract 2014;19(3):121-127

Current role of endoscopy in inflammatory bowel disease diagnosis and management.

This review will summarize the role of endoscopy in the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), in assessing its activity, its management, interventional endoscopy, and cancer surveillance. Endoscopy in IBD underwent major advances in the recent years, with the emergence of new techniques such as wireless video capsule endoscopy (WCE), device-assisted enteroscopy (DAE), chromoendoscopy, and confocal endomicroscopy. WCE is a minimally invasive tool, enabling the visualization of the entire small bowel mucosa. It has gained a substantial role in the evaluation of patients with suspected Crohn's disease and indeterminate colitis. With the correct use of the International Conference on Capsule Endoscopy criteria, WCE has a high positive predictive value in patients with suspected Crohn's disease. Moreover, WCE has a very high negative predictive value in patients with suspected Crohn's disease. DAE has established its role as a complementary tool in cases where there is need of biopsies or dilatation of strictures. Chromoendoscopy and confocal endomicroscopy are techniques that may assist in cancer surveillance in IBD patients. Endoscopy has a major role in the diagnosis of IBD, assessing its extent, treating some of its complications, assessing the success of various treatments, and as a predictor of disease course.

The Role of Endoscopy in Diagnosis and Treatment

The Role of Endoscopy in Diagnosis and Treatment

Endoscopic Features of Gastrointestinal Disease in Chronic Granulomatous Disease: A Distinct Entity

Purpose: Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a genetically inherited disorder with a defect in NADPH oxidase of phagocytic cells predisposing to bacterial and fungal infections. Gastrointestinal involvement is seen in about 40% of patients with CGD presenting as an inflammatory bowel disease or motility disorder. Aim: To characterize the endoscopic features and the role of endoscopy in diagnosis and management of gastrointestinal CGD. Methods: A database was created with all patients seen at NIH with CGD. Their clinical, pathologic and endoscopic data was gathered and analyzed. Colitis was defined endoscopically as mild, moderate or severe. Mild disease was characterized by erythema, mucosal friability, nodularity or alteration in vascular pattern. Moderate disease was characterized by erosions, aphthous ulcers or small linear ulcers. Severe disease was characterized by extensive ulcerations with or without complications such as fistulae and strictures. Results: A total of 222 endoscopies: 100 EGDs, 89 colonoscopies and 33 flexible sigmoidoscopies have been performed at NIH, in 81 patients with CGD, between 1990 and 2010. CGD related inflammatory bowel disease, assessed endoscopically, extended from the esophagus to the anus. Esophageal, gastric and duodenal inflammation was seen in 25%, 73% and 39%, respectively, with gastric and duodenal ulcers in 16% and 30%, respectively. Esophageal dysmotility and structural abnormalities were noted in 25% and 29% respectively with only 11% of them being symptomatic. Colonic inflammatory bowel disease characterized by skip lesions was seen in 73% of patients with presence of ano-rectal disease in 96% of patients. Mild, moderate and severe colitis was seen in 17%, 34% and 49% of patients, respectively. CGD related inflammatory bowel disease being a transmural process led to enteric fistulae in 15% of patients with 75% of these being present in the perianal area. Anorectal strictures were noted in 26% patients requiring serial dilations. No patient has developed colonic premalignant lesions or malignancy. Conclusion: Endoscopy helped in characterizing CGD related IBD as a distinct entity which primarily involves the anus and rectum with skip lesions in the remaining bowel. Fistulae and strictures are primarily located in the anorectal area and particular attention needs to be directed towards this area during evaluation of CGD patients. Upper GI tract inflammatory disease is common though not as severe as colonic disease. Endoscopic extent of disease activity and severity helped in guiding medical management, selection of patients for surgical diversion and consideration for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Role of the Wireless Capsule Endoscopy in Diagnosis of Undetermined Colitis and Suspect IBD in Paediatric Patients

Role of the Wireless Capsule Endoscopy in Diagnosis of Undetermined Colitis and Suspect IBD in Paediatric Patients

Suture-Induced Dysphagia: The Role of Endoscopy in Diagnosis and Therapy

Suture-Induced Dysphagia: The Role of Endoscopy in Diagnosis and Therapy

Suture induced dysphagia: the role of endoscopy in diagnosis and therapy

Suture induced dysphagia: the role of endoscopy in diagnosis and therapy

Radiologic and Endoscopic Diagnosis of Crohn's Disease

This article reviews the radiologic and endoscopic diagnosis of Crohn's disease. Radiographic and endoscopic findings of Crohn's disease are discussed; a practical approach to the selection of radiologic modalities is presented; and the role of endoscopy in diagnosis and treatment is explained.

ROLE OF ENDOSCOPY IN DIAGNOSIS OF BLADDER NECK OBSTRUCTION: "ONE LOOK MEANS A LOT".

ROLE OF ENDOSCOPY IN DIAGNOSIS OF BLADDER NECK OBSTRUCTION: "ONE LOOK MEANS A LOT".