Role Of Dispositional Mindfulness Research Articles

Stress Perception in Adolescents: The Role of Dispositional Mindfulness in Early Adolescence and Late Adolescence

Adolescence is a period characterized by transitions, some of which have been found detrimental to one’s mental health. One of the effects brought by these changes is increased in adolescent’s perceived stress. Studies showed that adolescents’ sociocognitive development as well as increased exposure to stressor exacerbates the stress. Moreover, this phenomenon can be different across age in adolescence. Meanwhile, dispositional mindfulness is found to be a protective factor, which works by modulating one’s reactivity to stressor. This study aims to find if dispositional mindfulness interacts with age in affecting adolescents’ perceived stress. Analysis using Two-Way ANOVA to 361 adolescents aged 13-18 (M=16) found that there is indeed an interaction effect: dispositional mindfulness was determined to have a greater relationship with perceived stress in early adolescents as opposed to late adolescents. Theoretical implications of the findings are discussed.Masa remaja ditandai dengan berbagai transisi, yang sebagian ditemukan memiliki dampak negatif terhadap kesehatan mental individu. Salah satu dampak dari perubahan yang terjadi adalah peningkatan persepsi stress. Penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan bahwa stress remaja diperparah oleh perkembangan sosial-kognitif dan pemaparan terhadap stressor yang meningkat. Penelitian juga menemukan bahwa persepsi stress memiliki kaitan dengan usia remaja. Sementara itu, dispositional mindfulness ditemukan sebagai faktor protektif, yang bekerja dengan meregulasi reaktivitas individu terhadap stressor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan apakah dispositional mindfulness berinteraksi dengan usia dalam memengaruhi persepsi stress remaja. Analisa menggunakan Two-Way ANOVA pada 361 remaja berusia 13-18 tahun (M=16) menemukan bahwa terdapat efek interaksi yang signifikan: dispositional mindfulness ditemukan memiliki hubungan yang lebih erat dengan persepsi stress pada remaja awal dibandingkan dengan remaja akhir. Diskusi teoritis dari hasil penelitian kemudian didiskusikan.

The Role of Dispositional Mindfulness in the Impact of Repetitive Negative Thinking on Anxiety and Depression in People with Different Autistic-Like Traits

ObjectivesAvailable data suggest that inflexible allocation of attention in people on the autism spectrum can lead to anxiety and depression symptoms, through the increase of repetitive negative thinking (worry and rumination). In the present study, we used dispositional mindfulness as a proxy to attention flexibility and tested its role in the influence of repetitive negative thinking on affective symptoms (anxiety and depression) in people with different autistic-like traits.MethodPath analysis was used to test the direct and indirect effects of different autistic-like traits, dispositional mindfulness, worry and rumination on anxiety-related concerns and depression symptoms in a sample (n = 209) of neurotypical adults.ResultsAutistic-like traits implying poor attention switching and communication abilities were linked to higher dispositional mindfulness, increased repetitive thinking, and stronger affective symptoms through largely shared pathways. Autistic-like traits implying strong attention-to-detail bypassed dispositional mindfulness in the pathways linking increased repetitive negative thinking and stronger affective symptoms.ConclusionsThe present findings indicate that dispositional mindfulness can play a protective role against the impact of worry and rumination on affective symptoms in some people but not in others, depending on different autistic-like traits.PreregistrationThis study was not pre-registered.

The role of dispositional mindfulness in the fear-avoidance model of pain.

The fear-avoidance model of pain posits that a painful stimulus is interpreted through pain catastrophizing, which leads to negative downstream cognitions, emotions, and behaviors that shape the experience of pain. As dispositional mindfulness is associated with less catastrophizing and pain, some researchers have suggested incorporating mindfulness into the fear-avoidance model. Across two studies, we empirically tested dispositional mindfulness as a stand-alone component within the fear-avoidance model of pain. Two independent, online cross-sectional surveys (Ns = 362 and 580 U.S. adults) were conducted. Participants completed validated assessments of mindfulness, pain catastrophizing, fear of pain, pain vigilance, depression, pain intensity, and pain sensitivity. Using structural equation modeling, we tested the inclusion of dispositional mindfulness in the fear-avoidance model of pain. We proposed that greater mindfulness would be associated with less pain catastrophizing, which in turn would be associated with less fear of pain, leading to less depression, and then ultimately less pain intensity and pain sensitivity. Across both studies, the fear-avoidance model of pain did not fit the data well, with or without mindfulness included. We found that a simplified model fit the data best (Study 1: χ2/df = 1.83; CFI = .981; RMSEA = .049, 90% CI [0.019, 0.076]; SRMR = 0.031; Study 2: χ2/df = 2.23; CFI = .976; RMSEA = .046, 90% CI [0.026, 0.067]; SRMR = .031), such that greater mindfulness was significantly associated with less pain catastrophizing and, in turn, lower levels of pain intensity and pain sensitivity. Our findings suggest that a simplified model, compared to the traditional fear-avoidance model, may partly explain the experience of pain among individuals without chronic pain. Future work should examine the temporal associations among these variables to inform the employment of future empirically supported interventions for pain management.

Supplemental Material for The Facilitating Role of Dispositional Mindfulness in the Process of Posttraumatic Growth: A Prospective Investigation

Supplemental Material for The Facilitating Role of Dispositional Mindfulness in the Process of Posttraumatic Growth: A Prospective Investigation

Dispositional Mindfulness and Injury Time Loss in Soccer

Soccer injuries have a low prevalence, albeit prompting detrimental effects for individuals and teams, particularly with prolonged convalescence periods. Age and injury severity appear as the most robust correlates with recovery duration. The role of dispositional mindfulness remains unknown, however, despite considerable evidence that highlights positive effects of mindfulness on injury rehabilitation. This study sought to examine whether dispositional mindfulness explained additional variability in injury time loss in an elite sample of soccer players (N = 207). A series of moderated regression analyses examined whether dispositional mindfulness interacted with either age or injury severity in explaining the length of recovery from an injury. The main findings suggest that dispositional mindfulness was unrelated with length of recovery. In contrast, age and injury severity related robustly with the length of lesion recovery, which was even longer for the older players with very severe injuries. The current findings constitute a novelty in the study of injuries in soccer and open new research lines to determine whether mindfulness interventions are likely to contribute to shorten objective rehabilitation length for a more sustainable approach to sports injury

The role of dispositional mindfulness in employee readiness for change during the COVID-19 pandemic

PurposeThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has forced organisations to change the way they work to maintain viability, even though change is not always successfully implemented. Multiple scholars have identified employees' readiness for change as an important factor of successful organisational change, but research focussed on psychological factors that facilitate change readiness is scarce. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether employee dispositional mindfulness contributes to readiness for change.Design/methodology/approachEmployees (n = 301) from various industries in New Zealand participated in an online survey shortly after the local COVID-19 lockdown ended. The employees' levels of mindfulness, readiness for change, well-being and distress were assessed using well-validated psychometric scales. Multiple regression analyses tested the effect of mindfulness on readiness for change, with well-being and distress as moderating variables.FindingsThe results show that the effect of mindfulness on readiness for change is moderated by both well-being and distress. Mindfulness has a positive, significant effect on readiness for change when levels of well-being are high and levels of distress are low.Practical implicationsThese findings have important implications for organisations who aim to promote readiness for change in their employees. Even though mindfulness has been shown to be beneficial, organisations also have to consider the mental states of their employees when managing change.Originality/valueThis study provides empirical evidence that dispositional mindfulness may facilitate the employees' readiness for change, but only when levels of well-being are high and distress are low.

The Mediating Role of Dispositional Mindfulness in the Relationship Between Parental and Romantic Attachment

The attachment styles formed early in life within the family context have been shown to be related to those formed in future relationships, notably the romantic relationships experienced as adults. One way of managing or altering negative behaviors or instinctive reactions in response to situations that evoke pain or stress is to increase mindfulness. As mindfulness is something that can be developed, a deeper understanding of its role in mediating the relationship between parental and romantic attachment styles may open up new developmental avenues for more effective therapy interventions. The present study aims to examine the link between mindfulness and the interplay between parental and romantic attachment styles; specifically, it explores the potentially important role of dispositional mindfulness in the context of family and romantic relationship interactions. The data used in this study were collected using questionnaire surveys distributed to 195 first-year psychology students, chosen as young people transitioning towards adulthood. The results showed a positive correlation between attachment styles (both parental and romantic) and dispositional mindfulness, in line with the results of previous studies. Statistical analyses were based on a structural equation modeling framework to determine the degree to which dispositional mindfulness mediates the existing links between parental and romantic attachment styles adequately fitted the data only for attachment to the mother. Future studies focused on examining the effectiveness of therapy designed to enhance dispositional mindfulness could deepen understanding of the interpersonal processes active both in romantic relationships and in different family contexts.

Perceived threats of terrorism and helping behavior: the role of dispositional mindfulness in an ethical dilemma

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to curtail the negative effect of job stress on the female teachers’ helping behavior amidst terrorism threat through their dispositional mindfulness.Design/methodology/approachA quantitative research design surveyed a self-administered questionnaire from the female teachers serving in the hard areas of Pakistan. To analyze the data, descriptive and interferential statistics were performed in SPSS (version 23) and SmartPLS3.FindingsThe results revealed the significant positive relationship between teachers’ perceived threats of terrorism and their job stress. The findings also confirmed the significant negative relationship between teachers’ job stress and their helping behavior, and vice-versa. Further, the indirect effect of teachers’ perceived threats of terrorism on helping behavior through their job stress was confirmed. Finally, the moderating effect of dispositional mindfulness to weaken the negative relationship between teachers’ job stress and their helping behavior was also found significant. The results also showed that the job stress of female teachers accounted for 12.9% of variance in their helping behavior.Research limitations/implicationsTo address complex ethical issues, relying solely on a research method cannot provide deep insights. Hence, future scholars are directed to combine elements of quantitative and qualitative research methods to investigate female teachers’ helping behavior in grievous conditions. Notwithstanding, the present study revitalizes educational institutions through teachers’ helping behavior in the risky work environment.Originality/valueSince the past two decades, female education has witnessed exponential growth in terrorist attacks, but there is a scanty research on the vulnerability of female teachers in Pakistan. Nevertheless, the present study is limited yet of the highest importance to foster teachers’ helping behavior in the risky work environment.

Being beneficial to self and caregiver: the role of dispositional mindfulness among breast cancer patients.

Breast cancer (BC) patients report complex negative emotions, including symptoms of anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). What's more, being diagnosed with cancer also has a negative impact on the patient's family such as additional financial burden and care needs, leading to higher levels of caregiver burden. This study aimed to explore whether dispositional mindfulness could alleviate multiple negative emotions of BC patients and to investigate the mediating effect of caregiver burden on the relationship between the patients' dispositional mindfulness and negative emotions. A sample of 230 Chinese BC patients receiving chemotherapy and their caregivers voluntarily participated in the study by completing a set of questionnaires including the Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale, the Caregiver Self-assessment Questionnaires, the General Anxiety Symptoms Scale, the Patient Health Questionnaire, and the PTSD Symptom Scale. Structural equation modeling was used to test the relationship between dispositional mindfulness, negative emotions, and caregiver burden. Dispositional mindfulness was significantly and negatively correlated with negative emotions, including anxiety, depression, and PTSD among the BC patients. Structural equation modeling showed that caregiver burden mediated the relation between patients' dispositional mindfulness and negative emotions. BC patients with higher levels of dispositional mindfulness showed less negative emotions. The results of the mediation analysis suggested that higher levels of dispositional mindfulness of breast cancer patients could decrease the caregivers' perceived burden and, in turn, relieve patients' negative emotions. Dispositional mindfulness was beneficial to breast cancer patients as well as their caregivers, indicating that mindfulness-based interventions targeting distress in patient-caregiver dyads would be more effective than what interventions for patients alone.

Pain-Induced Alcohol Urge and Intention to Drink: the Role of Dispositional Mindfulness

Experimental findings have shown that pain increased alcohol urge and intention to use alcohol, and that this relation was mediated by pain-induced negative affect. We sought to extend this research by examining (a) whether dispositional mindfulness moderates the indirect effect of experimental pain induction on alcohol use proxies via negative affect and (b) whether the five mindfulness facets, tested independently, differentially moderate the mediation model. Secondary data analysis of a repeated measures experimental study was conducted using moderated mediation analyses. Participants included 61 undergraduate students (Mage = 18.7, SD = 0.82; 50.8% male) who endorsed risky drinking. Results showed that the index of moderated mediation was significant for the mindfulness facets of observing, describing, and non-reactivity. Specifically, pain increased alcohol use proxies via increased negative affect for participants who were either low in non-reactivity or high in the observing or describing mindfulness facets. Conversely, negative affect was less important in the pain-alcohol relation for individuals high in non-reactivity or low in observing or describing mindfulness facets. There were no significant moderating effects of overall mindfulness or the awareness and non-judging facets. The differential relations of mindfulness facets found in this study highlight the need to consider the multifaceted nature of mindfulness when exploring the physical pain and alcohol relation. Further research should confirm whether lower levels of non-reactivity and higher levels of observing or describing may be indicators that an individual suffering from pain-related alcohol use will benefit from pain treatment that targets pain-related negative affect.

The role of dispositional mindfulness in a stress-health pathway among Parkinson's disease patients and caregiving partners.

Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and their caregivers experience significant distress that impacts physical, emotional and social functioning in the patient, and in turn, has a significant impact on the caregiver. Lower levels of stress have been associated with a better prognosis in PD. The quality of dispositional mindfulness-innate present moment, non-judgmental awareness-has consistently been associated with less perceived stress, greater well-being, and better physical health in both clinical and healthy populations. To date, associations of mindfulness with distress, depression, sleep problems, and other variables that define health-related quality of life have not been examined in the context of PD patient/caregiver dyads. We investigated the impact of dispositional mindfulness in a stress-health model among eighteen dyads consisting of PD patients and their caregivers. Multilevel linear modeling (actor-partner interdependence models) revealed significant associations between dispositional mindfulness and stress appraisal, interpersonal support, depressive symptoms, sleep, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) within both dyadic partners. As expected, results demonstrated significant associations of distress with interpersonal support, depressive symptoms, sleep and HRQOL for both PD patients and caregivers. Dispositional mindfulness was associated with reduced distress and its downstream clinical consequences. These results support an ameliorative role for dispositional mindfulness among PD patients and caregivers, as a protective factor against psychosocial burdens imposed on couples related to disease and caregiving. Findings suggest future studies should explore mindfulness training as a therapeutic option.

The Role of Dispositional Mindfulness and Self-compassion in Educator Stress

Compromised educator well-being creates educational, social, and economic problems, which are not resolved by knowledge of risk factors alone. The present study explored the protective role of dispositional mindfulness and self-compassion within the context of educator stress. A total of 231 educators from 21 Australian schools completed online surveys including measures of perceived stress, mindfulness, self-compassion, student-teacher relationships, experiences in close relationships, and eating and sleeping patterns, which were used for correlation, regression, and path analysis. The present study identified multiple predictors of perceived stress, with self-compassion as the strongest significant predictor. Findings of path analyses also demonstrated that lower levels of dispositional mindfulness and higher levels of anxiety in close relationships were associated with poor sleep quality, and this association was mediated by higher levels of perceived stress. The same potential pathways were suggested with self-compassion replacing dispositional mindfulness. The role of dispositional mindfulness and self-compassion is discussed as protective resources that could be utilized in times of stress.

Mindfulness and situational interest

In an attempt to exploit the concept of mindfulness for educational contexts, we investigated the role of dispositional mindfulness as an internal resource for the development of situational interest. Using an online questionnaire, we assessed participants’ (N = 161, mean age = 30.4 years, 74% female, 66% university students) mindfulness, presented them with a text on bionics, and asked them to indicate their situational interest regarding the material (t1). One week later, they indicated their maintained situational interest (t2). Findings reveal a positive relationship between mindfulness and situational interest at t1, especially with regard to participants’ ability to be momentarily ‘present’ and affective aspects of situational interest. Furthermore, we found an indirect effect of mindfulness on maintained situational interest at t2 via participants’ interest at t1. These findings were independent from participants’ initial interest and knowledge. Contrary to our expectation, we did not find a moderation effect for mindfulness on the relation between situational interest at t1 and t2. We discuss these findings in terms of implications for formal learning contexts.

Dispositional mindfulness mediates the relations between neuroticism and posttraumatic stress disorder and depression in Chinese adolescents after a tornado.

Previous studies have shown that neuroticism is associated with higher levels of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression in individuals who have experienced traumatic events. This study investigated dispositional mindfulness as one pathway in which neuroticism is related to PTSD and depression symptoms among Chinese adolescents who have experienced trauma by considering the role of dispositional mindfulness. Participants were 443 Chinese adolescents who had experienced a severe tornado a year prior to this study. The results showed that our model fitted the data well (χ2/df = 2.113, comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.981, Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) = 0.969, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) (90% confidence interval (CI)) = 0.061 [0.047, 0.080]) and revealed that dispositional mindfulness partially mediated the relationship between neuroticism and PTSD and depression symptoms. The clinical implications and limitations of our research and recommendations for future research are discussed in this article.

Physical activity in Indonesian University students: the contradictory roles of dispositional mindfulness and self-control

ABSTRACTPhysical inactivity is now identified as one of the major risk factors for global mortality, including in Indonesia. Past research in Western settings have demonstrated the efficacy of self-determined or autonomous forms of motivation in predicting health-related behaviours, and that association between these variables could possibly be moderated by individual differences in mindfulness. In terms of mindfulness, individuals from different cultures may vary in their familiarity and acceptance of mindfulness in daily life. Moreover, the ways though which individuals exhibit qualities of mindfulness are often intertwined with their capacity for self-control. In this correlational study utilizing cloud-based online survey, samples of Indonesian undergraduates (N = 411, mean age = 20.202, SD = 1.406) completed self-report measures of trait mindfulness, trait self-control, autonomous motivation, and physical activity. Bootstrap multiple regression analysis indicated that association between autonomous motivation and physical activity is strengthened by trait self-control (p = .017), but conversely, weakened by trait mindfulness (p = .024). Cultural perspective may help explain the dynamics of mindfulness, self-control, autonomous motivation, and physical activity.

The impact of trait mindfulness on relational outcomes in novice yoga practitioners participating in an academic yoga course

Objective: This study examined the role of dispositional mindfulness in impacting the relational benefits of yoga in novice practitioners in an undergraduate academic yoga course. Participants: 21 college students enrolled in a yoga course throughout a 15-week academic semester (January–April 2016). Methods: Participants attended lab assessments at the beginning and end of the semester and were asked to complete eight consecutive Internet-based daily surveys across six separate bursts, yielding 48 data points for each participant. Results: Multivariate time-series analyses revealed within-person subgroup differences such that in general, those in the high trait mindfulness group gleaned benefits from yoga practice with respect to relational outcomes. Conclusions: This study demonstrated trait mindfulness impacts relational outcomes in novice yoga practitioners, suggesting those low in trait mindfulness may not garner immediate relational benefits from yoga and could benefit from additional strategies to bolster against any negative influences of initiating yoga practice.

The Role of Dispositional Mindfulness in the Longitudinal Associations Between Stressors, Maladaptive Schemas, and Depressive Symptoms in Adolescents

This study, based on a transactional perspective of psychopathology, aimed to examine whether the mindful attention and awareness component of mindfulness moderates the bidirectional long-term predictive associations between dependent stressors, maladaptive schemas, and depressive symptoms in adolescents. It was hypothesized that mindful attention and awareness would buffer the predictive bidirectional associations between these variables. The sample was composed of 1190 high school students (48.7% girls) from the Basque Country (Spain), who participated in a two-wave longitudinal study spaced 2 years apart. The participants were all between 13 and 18 years old (M = 15.16, SD = 0.95). They completed a measure of dispositional mindfulness at wave 1, and measures of dependent stressors, schemas from the disconnection/rejection schema domain, and depressive symptoms at both waves. Results indicated that mindful attention and awareness reduced the predictive associations between disconnection/rejection schemas and depressive symptoms at follow-up (wave 2). In addition, mindfulness predicted lower scores on maladaptive schemas, dependent stressors, and depressive symptoms at follow-up and buffered the stability of schemas over time. However, these findings were statistically significant only for boys. The results suggest that mindfulness-based intervention can be used to reduce maladaptive schemas that are relevant for depressive symptoms in adolescents.

The Role of Dispositional Mindfulness and Emotional Intelligence in Adolescent Males

Emotional intelligence (EI) and dispositional mindfulness are two constructs that have been implicated in well-being, particularly in males, and are often part of student well-being programs. This study examined the relationships between EI, dispositional mindfulness, and well-being in adolescent boys. It was hypothesised that EI would mediate the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and well-being. The sample consisted of 294 adolescent male school students aged 13–17 years (M = 14.13, SD = 1.26). Participants completed self-report questionnaires related to dispositional mindfulness (Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale for Adolescents), EI (Adolescent Swinburne University Emotional Intelligence Scale), subjective happiness (Subjective Happiness Scale) and psychological distress (General Health Questionnaire). Two multiple mediation models were developed to assess the extent to which EI mediates the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and (1) subjective happiness and (2) psychological distress. The results indicated that three EI dimensions: Emotional Recognition and Expression (ERE), Emotional Management and Control (EMC), and Understanding the Emotions of Others (UEO), were significantly positively correlated with dispositional mindfulness (p < 0.01). In addition, two EI dimensions (ERE and EMC) partially mediated the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and subjective happiness (ERE: PM = 0.22[0.08], 95% CI = 0.09, 0.39; EMC: PM = 0.28[0.11], 95% CI = 0.10, 0.54), and between dispositional mindfulness and psychological distress (ERE: PM = 0.14[0.06], 95% CI = 0.04, 0.26; EMC: PM = 0.31[0.08], 95% CI = 0.17, 0.48). It was concluded that the development of programs incorporating aspects of dispositional mindfulness and EI could provide tangible benefits to the psychological well-being of adolescent males.

The Relationship Between Mindfulness and Life Stress in Student-Athletes: The Mediating Role of Coping Effectiveness and Decision Rumination

The role of dispositional mindfulness on stress in student-athletes and factors that mediate this relationship has yet to be examined. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between the facets of mindfulness and life stress in student-athletes and whether these relationships are mediated through coping effectiveness and decision rumination. Participants were 202 student-athletes who completed validated measures of dispositional mindfulness, student-athlete life stress, decision rumination and coping effectiveness in sport. Results indicated that the acting with awareness and nonjudging facets of mindfulness were negative predictors of life stress, whereas the observe facet was a positive predictor of life stress. Mediation analyses revealed that these relationships were mediated through coping effectiveness and decision rumination. Findings provide new insight into the role dispositional mindfulness plays on student-athlete perceptions of life stress and implications for practitioners are discussed.

The role of dispositional mindfulness in mitigating the impact of stress and impulsivity on alcohol-related problems

Excessive alcohol use and alcohol-related problems are common concerns on college campuses across the United States. Among a sample of college students (N = 125), in this study we examined two primary hypotheses: (1) the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and alcohol-related problems would be explained, in part, by reduced impulsivity and (2) dispositional mindfulness would serve as a potential protective factor in mitigating the relationship between the risk factor stressful life events and the outcome of alcohol-related problems. As expected, impulsivity mediated the relationship between mindfulness and alcohol-related problems; however, unexpectedly, mindfulness did not moderate the relationship between stressful life events and alcohol-related problems. The implications and limitations of these findings, as well as recommendations for future research, are discussed.