Role In Management Research Articles

The role of female directors in family firms’ annual report´s readability

PurposeThis paper investigates the impact of board gender diversity on the readability of the annual reports of family-controlled public companies.Design/methodology/approachGrounded in the premises of the restricted and extended views of the socioemotional wealth (SEW) approach and executive power theory, this paper explores the ways in which family-affiliated female directors influence report readability in a sample of 133 publicly traded US companies listed in the Fortune 1,000. We use the system GMM estimator, which deals with two key sources of endogeneity by controlling first for reverse causality, using the lags of the endogenous variables as instruments, and then for omitted variables, capturing the individual effect.FindingsOur analysis confirms that the significant enhancement in annual report readability is associated with the presence of female family directors, particularly those who are insiders within the company. In contrast, non-family female directors and family outsider directors appear to have a negative impact on annual report readability.Originality/valueWhile scholars have increasingly focused on variations in annual report readability among family firms, the contribution of female directors to this phenomenon has received minimal attention. In our study, we integrate the theories of restricted and extended SEW perspectives with the theory of women’s executive power within the board. This integration is essential for considering two critical factors: firstly, the primacy of their SEW objectives, and, secondly, their legitimacy within the board.

Audit committee cash compensation and related-party transactions: the role of directors’ affiliation

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the relationship between the audit committee’s (AC) cash compensation and related-party transactions (RPTs). This paper also explores whether the affiliation of directors on the AC has a differential effect on the association between AC members’ cash compensation and RPTs.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses data from Chinese-listed firms for the period from 2007 to 2017 and use the ordinary least square regressions, to test the association between AC cash compensation and RPTs. To alleviate the endogeneity concerns, this paper applies the generalized method of moment, the two-stage least square regression technique and the Granger causality test.FindingsThis paper documents a negative association between the AC members’ cash compensation and RPTs. The findings reveal that one standard deviation increase in the AC’s cash compensation leads to around 0.08% reduction in the amount of RPTs. Further analysis shows that the cash compensation of AC independent directors is negatively associated with RPTs, whereas that of nonindependent directors shows no significant impact. The results remain robust to endogeneity tests. The results might be of interest to both practitioners as well as regulatory bodies and investors.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to try to examine the relationship between AC cash compensation and RPTs in the context of China. This study also is the first attempt to consider the affiliation of AC directors by decomposing the AC compensation into independent and nonindependent directors. Also, it adds to the literature on the determinants of RPTs.

Do the Project Manager's soft skills foster knowledge sharing?

In the realm of project management, the significance of soft skills, including communication, leadership, and problem-solving, has been acknowledged as pivotal to project success. Furthermore, the role of knowledge management within projects has emerged as another critical determinant of performance enhancement. This entails disseminating best practices, lessons learned, and insights garnered throughout the project lifecycle. Thus, the Project Manager's role acts as a catalyst, cultivating an environment that promotes effective knowledge sharing.The primary objective of this study is to explore the relationship between project manager soft skills and knowledge sharing within project environments. Additionally, considering the acknowledged impact of organizational culture and environment on knowledge sharing practices, this research aims to examine the moderating effect of organizational culture in shaping the relationship between soft skills and knowledge sharing effectiveness within project contexts. A questionnaire involving project team members was conducted to find answers to these questions.Findings reveal the project manager leadership was positively associated with knowledge sharing among project management team members. This conclusion innovatively connects the importance of soft skills in fostering knowledge sharing within project teams. It places a significant emphasis on the project manager's leadership skills assigning them a key responsibility. Additionally, moderation analysis showed that knowledge creation and knowledge capture strengthened the relationship between project manager's problem-solving skills and knowledge management environment. This underscores the role of a robust organisational culture in supporting knowledge sharing, thereby enhancing the connection between problem-solving abilities and explicit knowledge sharing.

Leadership Succession Planning for ANCC Accredited Providers in Nursing Continuing Professional Development.

Succession planning in leadership is a strategic process used to identify and develop future leaders to fill key organizational positions. This process ensures continuity of leadership and helps maintain the organization's performance over time. Succession planning is essential for critical roles and can be part of a broader strategic plan for talent management. Organizations that are accredited by the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC) in Nursing Continuing Professional Development (NCPD) can benefit from implementing succession planning to drive the stability of its work as an Accredited Provider and confirm that the organization maintains its commitment to quality in providing NCPD. This column describes how the Accredited Provider Program Director (AP-PD) role can benefit from implementing succession planning into the structure of the Accredited Provider processes. [J Contin Educ Nurs. 2024;55(7):321-325.].

Diversity, equity, and inclusion reporting in European Union companies: The role of female directors and the European regulatory framework

Diversity, equity, and inclusion reporting in European Union companies: The role of female directors and the European regulatory framework

Analysis of the Role of BPK RI in Promoting Organizational Capacity Development of ASEANSAI in the Period 2018-2023

The development of international audit organizations is crucial for enhancing accountability, transparency, and integration of public sector financial management globally. In Southeast Asia, the establishment of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations Supreme Audit Institutions (ASEANSAI) is significant for fostering regional cooperation in financial auditing. The Supreme Audit Agency of the Republic of Indonesia (BPK RI) plays a pivotal role as the ASEANSAI Secretariat, supporting and developing the organization's performance. As ASEANSAI matures, organizational capacity development becomes a key challenge. This study aims to analyze BPK RI's role in enhancing ASEANSAI's organizational capacity during the 2018-2023 period, utilizing Dillen et al.'s (2019) theory of transition from managerial roles to strategic experts and Walters' (2019) theory of organizational capacity development. Employing a qualitative methodology and conducting in-depth semi-structured interviews with 18 individuals from both internal and external ASEANSAI, the study identified several suboptimal aspects in the Secretariat's role and ASEANSAI's capacity development, including human resource management, financial management, and organizational performance stability. The findings suggest that these issues stem from inadequate strategic human resource development, limited financial resources, and external environmental changes such as the COVID-19 pandemic and regional socio-humanitarian issues.

Influence Of Good Governance on Employee Satisfaction in Faith-Based Higher Educational Institutions: The Mediating Role of Policy Management

The ever-increasing role of employee satisfaction in the survival and success of higher educational institutions points towards a strong emphasis on good governance. This study examined the mediating role of policy management on the relationship between good governance and employee satisfaction. Two hundred and sixty-eight respondents participated in the study, representing the population of Faith-Based Higher Educational Institutions in the (AHEI's) Philippines. The descriptive, correlational, regression, t-test, and structural equation modeling techniques were used to analyze the data. The results exhibit strong implementation of good governance, high levels of employee satisfaction, and effective policy management as perceived by the employees. Moreover, the study found a positive correlation between good governance, employee satisfaction, and policy management. It was also discovered that the sex, marital status, educational attainment, and salary of the respondents do not moderate the influence of good governance on employee satisfaction. Finally, the findings also revealed that policy management partially mediates the relationship between good governance and employee satisfaction.

Like mama always said: family socio-economic status, maternal attitudes and leader role occupancy in adulthood

Leadership research has always recognised the importance of childhood factors for the occupation of formal or informal leader positions later in life. Still, empirical research in the field has mainly been based on retrospective accounts from selective and small samples. Such research has also concentrated on individual traits and experiences, less on characteristics of the family. Our aim is to fill this void by prospectively examining the role of the family of origin on educational attainment and holding a managerial position in adulthood. Analyses were based on the Stockholm Multigenerational Study, including register and survey data, regarding 3,088 males born between 1950 and 1976 and their mothers’ attitudes to education and child-rearing in the late 1960s. Our results showed a significant effect of family socio-economic status (SES) on managerial role occupancy in late adulthood. This effect was mainly mediated through educational level. However, a noteworthy share of the total effect of family SES was channelled through maternal attitudes towards education. Positive attitudes towards education in the home environment accounted for an equally large share of the total indirect effect of family SES as the offspring’s cognitive capacity did. Authoritarian attitudes to child-rearing among mothers were also found to have a negative impact on cognitive capacity and educational level – two well-known antecedents to leader emergence. Parental attitudes may boost or modify structural characteristics and individual traits associated with holding formal leader roles such as a managerial position – but also showed an independent effect several decades later.

Knowledge of tuberculosis among physicians working at community health stations in Vietnam

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant health problem worldwide, including in Vietnam, where around 174,000 newly diagnosed cases and 13,200 patients died in 2018. There are challenges in the diagnostic process, treatment, and follow-up. The physicians with knowledge of TB working at commune health stations play an essential role in this struggle. The primary purpose of this study was to evaluate knowledge of TB and related factors among physicians working at community health stations in the Northern provinces of Vietnam. A cross-sectional survey was implemented on 335 physicians working at community health stations in 5 Northern provinces in Vietnam from September 2019 to October 2020. The result showed that the TB knowledge of physicians was not good. There were some severe knowledge gaps concerning at-risk groups, the main symptoms of TB, sputum tests for both diagnosis and follow-up and management of attack therapy. The TB training participants had better TB knowledge than others (aOR=1.68; 95%CI: 1.047-2.712). This study underlines the importance of clinical experience and TB training to TB knowledge. We suggest that a TB training plan is required for physicians. Our survey results could inform the process of defining the physicians who work at community health stations' role in TB management in the future.

Examining How High School Athletic Directors Leverage Communication With Key Stakeholder Groups to Inform Performance Appraisals of Head Coaches

To ensure that head coaches are effective in leading athletic programs, interscholastic athletic directors engage in a performance appraisal process that reviews coaching efforts. Given the demands of the athletic director role, these leaders are reliant on stakeholders to provide insight that informs the coaching evaluation. Therefore, using the tenets of stakeholder theory, the purpose of this study was to analyze the role that stakeholder feedback plays as athletic directors develop the full picture of coaching performance during an evaluation. Participants (N = 25) featured high school athletic directors represented across school classification (i.e., 1A, 2A, 3A, and 4A) and school type (i.e., public and private). Through semistructured interviews and a subsequent thematic analysis, saturation was achieved at this sample size. Two main themes (i.e., main stakeholder groups and leveraging stakeholder feedback) emerged and demonstrate how key stakeholders should be considered as important sources of information guiding interscholastic athletic directors when leading coaching evaluations.

Influence of Supplier Responsiveness on Procurement Performance of Parastatals in Mombasa County, Kenya

The purpose of this study was to establish how supplier responsiveness influences procurement performance within Mombasa County. The study adopted descriptive research study design. The research was grounded on the Kaizen Theory. The target population comprised of 308 procurement staff members, including both managerial and non-managerial roles, across parastatals in Mombasa County. A sample size of 174 was determined using the Yamane method and respondent were selected using Stratified random sampling technique to ensure equitable representation and eliminate bias. Data analysis was conducted utilizing the statistical software SPSS version 28. Regression analysis was used to ascertain the predictive relationship between dependent and independent variables, with results being presented in tabular form alongside percentages. The findings showed that there was a strong positive correlation between supplier responsiveness and procurement performance(B1=0.307, t=2.354 & p=0.022<0.05), highlighting the critical role of suppliers' ability to swiftly adapt to changing environments and efficiently address challenges in determining overall procurement outcomes. The small standard deviation among participants underscores the consensus on the importance of supplier responsiveness in expediting the procurement process. Notably, the research indicates a significant boost in procurement performance with each unit increase in supplier responsiveness, emphasizing the pivotal role of supplier sensitivity in enhancing procurement success within Mombasa County's state corporations. The study recommends that managers of parastatals should prioritize fostering strong and collaborative relationships with suppliers to enhance responsiveness. Additionally, adoption of electronic procurement solutions can expedite the procurement process and enable quicker responses to market changes.

Strategic Agility and Performance of Pay Television Industry in Kenya.

The Pay TV market in Kenya operates in a highly competitive business environment, which in turn calls for aggressiveness and more efficient ways of keeping the business afloat. Advancement in technology also comes with several options for Pay TV customers such as online streaming which poses more threat to the market. This research seeks to assess the influence of strategic agility on the performance of the Kenyan Pay TV industry using Multichoice Kenya Limited as the case study. The objectives of this study were to establish the influence of leadership agility, determine the influence cultural agility, assess the influence of business agility, and to determine the influence of career agility on organizational performance in the Kenyan Pay TV industry. The study is of great significance to the government of Kenya since the improved performance of the Pay TV companies can generate more revenue for the government in form of taxes and license fees. New and existing Pay TV companies may also benefit from this study by employing agile strategies for competitive advantage as well as getting more information on how to handle uncertain situations in the business environment. Additionally, academicians who may want to research more on strategic agility may benefit by accessing more information from this study. The concept of strategic agility has not been sufficiently researched especially on the variables such as leadership agility, cultural agility, business agility, career agility and how they influence organizational performance. This research was anchored on four theories namely; The Great Man Theory, Theory of Change, Theory of Constraints, and the Broaden and Build Theory. The reviewed literature on these theories indicates that there is a positive influence of strategic agility on organizational performance. This is a cross-sectional study which involves 60 employees with managerial roles. Descriptive design was used in this study adopting qualitative and quantitative methods. Data collection was done through closed and open-ended questionnaires, keeping a register of questionnaire distribution and feedback collection. A pilot study was carried out to determine the accuracy, clarity and relevance of the study questionnaire. Data analysis was carried using SPSS (V29) and multiple regression analysis. The study found that leadership agility, cultural agility business agility and career agility all have a significant effect on the performance of Pay TV firms in Kenya. The top leadership of firms in Pay TV industry should establish cross-cultural collaboration initiatives to encourage knowledge-sharing and teamwork among employees from different cultural backgrounds, foster a culture that encourages and rewards agile leadership behaviors, such as risk-taking and experimentation and encourage leaders to seek mentorship and coaching to enhance their agility capabilities, should invest in technology and infrastructure that support flexibility and adaptability in responding to market changes and also develop cross-functional teams that can quickly adapt to changing business requirements and address emerging challenges, implement career development plans and pathways that align with the organization's strategic objectives and employees' career aspiration and encourage a growth mindset among employees.

Co‐opted Independent Directors and Firms' Environmental Performance

ABSTRACTResearch Question/IssueConsidering escalating environmental concerns and the important role of board members in shaping strategic corporate decisions, we investigate the relationship between co‐opted independent directors and firms' environmental performance.Research Findings/InsightsExamining US firms from 2002 to 2018, we document a significant negative relationship between co‐opted independent directors and firm environmental performance. Our findings show that while institutional ownership and CEO power exacerbate the negative association, strong corporate governance mitigates this negative impact of co‐opted independent directors on environmental performance. The cross‐sectional results show that the relationship is pronounced in firms with young CEOs, male CEOs, and low CEO compensation. Further, the relationship is also prevalent in boards with fewer meetings, high multiple directors, and higher compensation, indicating a monitoring compromise by independent co‐opted directors.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsReasonable theoretical arguments are drawn from agency theory and the theory of friendly boards, and our statistical analysis supports the academic position of the theory of friendly boards. The negative effect of independent co‐opted directors on firm environmental performance challenges the role of independent directors in addressing agency issues in environmental efforts, hinting at a departure from conventional agency theory expectations.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsTo improve environmental performance, firms should reconsider their board structures, acknowledging the potential drawbacks of co‐opted independent directors. Our findings challenge the Sarbanes–Oxley Act's (SOX) emphasis on increasing the number of outside directors, which assumes independent board members will rigorously oversee executives. Such legislation is greatly based on the premise that independent board members strictly monitor executives. However, our findings indicate that not all independent directors are strict monitors, as demonstrated by lower environmental performance when there are more co‐opted independent directors.

Survey on financial portfolio management's role in investment decision-making strategies

Financial portfolio management is an organizational approach for managing a group of financial assets organized by a person, institution, or organization. It entails the dynamic allocation and reallocation of assets to accomplish specified financial goals whilst considering the risk tolerance and market environment. Diversification amongst several asset types, including stocks, bonds and alternative investments, is part of the process to maximize returns and reduce risk. Portfolio managers aim to optimize the performance and coordinate the portfolio with the organization's overall financial objectives through monitoring, analysis and modifications. Effective financial portfolio management is critical for attaining long-term financial stability and growth of the organization in a dynamic economic landscape. In this research, we investigate portfolio management by examining its primary objectives, fundamental requirements, investment approaches and procedural elements of economic management. It examines the abilities necessary for effective portfolio management, focusing on the principle of portfolio premises. The research further examines the various strategies for portfolio development, including the revenue portfolio, speculative portfolio, voluntary portfolio, protective portfolio and hybrid portfolio. By investigating these components, the study demonstrates a comprehensive understanding of the complexities of portfolio management and provides an in-depth overview for analyzing investment strategies and financial decisions in the context of organization management.

A longitudinal examination of anti-corruption disclosure in the banking sector of a least-developed economy: does board composition make a difference?

PurposeThis study focuses on anti-corruption disclosure (ACD) as a critical indicator of a bank’s commitment to combat corruption. It seeks to measure the level of ACD in banking companies. Emphasizing the pivotal role of board directors in ensuring corporate accountability and transparency, the study further explores the connection between board composition and ACD.Design/methodology/approachThis study adopts automated content analysis (using keyword search) to measure the level of ACD in the annual reports of listed banks in Bangladesh. Drawing upon agency theory and resource-dependence theory, the study proposes that the collective monitoring and resources facilitated by a well-structured board (size, gender diversity and independence) significantly influence a bank’s commitment to combat corruption. The paper employs linear regression to examine the hypotheses. The reliability of the findings is further validated through the application of the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) and Quantile Regression.FindingsThe results indicate a steady rise in ACD over the sample period (2014–2022). The analysis establishes that larger board sizes and a greater presence of female directors are positively associated with ACD. Notably, the study identifies a critical mass of at least three female directors for a significant positive relationship between gender diversity on the board and ACD. However, no significant relationship is observed between board independence and ACD.Practical implicationsThe study sheds light on the current state of ACD within the banking companies of a least-developed country. The findings carry significant implications for regulators to gauge banks' dedication to anti-corruption efforts and make informed decisions on issuing guidance for enhanced ACD. These findings can also assist regulators in assessing the implications of board composition and formulating guidelines within the corporate governance code.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the literature on ACD in the context of a least-developed economy. Notably, the study fills a research gap by exploring ACD in the banking industry. A key aspect of this study is its exploration of the determinants of ACD, explicitly emphasizing how board composition is likely to influence ACD.

Principals' managerial role in realizing the ideal curriculum and learning: The case of remote areas schools in Indonesia

Leaders who have a strong spirit and are creative, innovative and skilled are needed by one-roof schools, especially in realizing ideal curriculums and learning methods. The aim of this study is to describe the efforts of school principals in creating an ideal curriculum and the optimal method of learning during the Covid-19 pandemic. It uses a qualitative approach with a multisite study research design. The location of this research is three one-roof schools in the Bondowoso Regency. Data collection was carried out by unstructured, in-depth, group interviews, observation, and documentation studies. The validity of the data was checked using data triangulation, member checks, discussions among members, and adequacy of reference materials. The data was analyzed using reduction analysis, presentation, verification, and drawing conclusions. Cross-site data analysis was carried out on a constant comparative basis. The results revealed that school principals employ varying strategies to achieve ideal learning, influenced by factors such as students, teachers, infrastructure, and local community conditions. The results also show that in order to realize an ideal curriculum and learning in one-roof schools, it is necessary to compile and implement learning in accordance with the conditions and readiness of students by including local knowledge and highlighting the principle of partnership with the community. This research offers practical guidance for policy makers and the school community in realizing ideal curriculums and learning methods, especially for schools in remote areas.

The role of independent directors’ tenure and network in controlling real-earnings management practices

AbstractManipulating real activities is generally regarded as more damaging to a firm’s long-term growth and value than accrual-based manipulations. We consider this point of view and build on the agency theory framework for investigating the role of independent directors’ (INDs’) tenure and connection to several boards in controlling real-earnings management (REM) practices. We analyze a sample of UK listed non-financial companies over the period between 2005 and 2018. The potential endogeneity issue was controlled by the application of the two-step system-GMM estimations. The research findings suggest that REM was lower in those firms whose INDs were connected to several boards at a time. The findings also show that the association between INDs’ tenure and REM varied with the phases of their tenure. Directors in the early stage of their tenure are less effective at controlling REM, however, as their tenure grew, they generate better oversight over the management conduct, thereby reducing REM. Contrary to this, extended tenure is shown as positively associated with higher REM practices. The overall findings thus suggest that the board monitoring role protects the stakes of the shareholders by constraining REM when INDs have better expertise and rich information acquired through their presence on multiple boards—and when they have moderate board tenure, which is neither too short nor too long. We argue that due to the importance of the role of INDs in the current global scenario this study has policy implications.

Unveiling the Missing Link: Women in Stem Leadership – A Comprehensive Review

This paper extensively examined the representation of women in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) within Malaysia, contextualized globally and historically. Existing research affirms the growing presence of women in the workforce (Gupta, 2020; National Academies of Sciences & Medicine, 2020), their progress in higher education (Manongsong & Ghosh, 2021; Vietze et al., 2022), their presence in professional and managerial roles (Burton et al., 2020; Evans & Maley, 2021), and their successful elevation to CEO positions (Dadanlar & Abebe, 2020). However, women continue to be significantly underrepresented in leadership positions, particularly within STEM firms (Hideg & Shen, 2019; National Academies of Sciences & Medicine, 2020). Young Malaysian women excel in both academic and extracurricular STEM activities from primary to university. Despite this gender equity achieved in STEM education, with 29% of tertiary engineering graduates and 57% of science degree holders being female, only 6% of women pursue careers as STEM professionals (Looi, 2022). Additionally, slightly over 4% of women hold leadership roles in technology firms in Malaysia (Amin & Tan, 2018). Using social constructivist and feminist theories, this analysis examines how societal and environmental factors affect girls’ performance in math and science. Educators and parents play a vital role in providing crucial support. This study also highlights a major research gap, particularly in understanding where qualified women in STEM go, especially within Malaysia.

PERAN MANAJER DALAM IMPLEMENTASI FUNGSI MANAJEMEN DI UNIT REKAM MEDIS DAN INFORMASI KESEHATAN RSU PKU MUHAMMADIYAH PRAMBANAN

Management functions consisting of planning, organizing, implementing, and supervising that runs properly and correctly is one characteristic of a well-functioning organization. Hospitals are healthcare institutions that provide medical services and support services to patients. Good support services in the Medical Records and Health Information (MRHI) unit at the hospital require good management to manage the unit. The MRHI unit has the responsibility of creating and maintaining patient medical records. The purpose of this study is to determine the role of the head of the medical support sub-sector as a manager in implementing the management functions of the MRHI unit at PKU Muhammadiyah Prambanan Hospital. This research is a qualitative study with a descriptive method. The results show that the manager's role is quite good in implementing management functions. This is evidenced by the well-organized planning process by the head of the medical support sub-sector so that activities can run continuously. In terms of organization, it is still quite minimalistic but already structured because the hospital has only been established for 2 years and patient visits are still not too many. In the implementation function, the manager is able to provide good guidance to the staff, although at this stage, the staff has not fully performed their duties according to procedures. The supervision function runs very well, indicated by the service provided being directed, orderly, and in accordance with established rules. The implementation of management functions can be maintained by improving the management functions that are not yet optimal.

The glass ceiling effect in Spanish advertising creative departments

The representation of women in advertising creative departments has been studied worldwide. The findings have shown a low representation that does not favor the emergence of a critical mass of women, who could contribute with alternative visions to make advertising more inclusive. The underrepresentation, above all, occurs in managerial positions where they do not usually reach 35%. This study aims to update and report quantitatively on the phenomenon of the glass ceiling in Spain. In addition, in order to contextualize the level of segregation, these departments are compared with available international data. The results of a content analysis of the credit forms of 839 Spanish campaigns published in 2019 (a sample of 1,311 creatives) revealed gender dynamics, with a balanced starting group of creatives in non-managerial positions (just over 40% are women), but a figure of just 18% of women in managerial roles A higher glass ceiling effect was also found when European and global data were compared. The results analyzed through the perspective of the proportional representation theory (Kanter, 1977a, 1977b, 1987), suggest the need to raise awareness of gender inequalities within creative departments; this would foster the equality demanded by today’s society, of which advertising should not be oblivious.