Role Of Different Treatment Modalities Research Articles

Navigating the complexities of perianal Crohn’s disease: Diagnostic strategies, treatment approaches, and future perspectives

This article discusses the literature review article by Pacheco et al published in July 2024; the authors provided good reviews of perianal Crohn’s disease (CD), and challenges faced by clinicians in the management. CD, characterized by its chronic and relapsing nature, is an idiopathic condition that can involve any segment of the gastrointestinal tract. Perianal disease impacts up to 40% of patients with CD, with perianal fistulas constituting up to 80% of perianal lesions. Perianal CD can be highly incapacitating and profoundly diminish the overall well-being of patients. The management focuses on controlling the perianal sepsis and treating luminal CD. Biologics are crucial to the treatment approach, and results have been encouraging. The surgery focuses on controlling the sepsis, with more definitive treatments being fistula surgery, fecal diversion, and proctectomy as the last resort. This manuscript briefly describes the burden of CD, the challenges posed by perianal CD, and the role of different treatment modalities from colorectal surgeon’s perspective.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: exploring clinicopathological trends and racial disparities in a comprehensive U.S. population-based study.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive malignancy about 50% of PDAC are metastatic at presentation. In this study, we evaluated PDAC demographics, annual trend analysis, racial disparities, survival rate, and the role of different treatment modalities in localized and metastatic disease. A total of 144,824 cases of PDAC were obtained from the SEER database from 2000 to 2018. The median age was 69years, with a slightly higher incidence in males (52%) and 80% of all cases were white. Among cases with available data, 43% were grade III tumors and 57% were metastatic. The most common site of metastasis was the liver (15.7%). The annual incidence has increased steadily from 2000 to 2018. The overall observed (OS) 5-year survival rate was 4.4% (95% CI 4.3-4.6%), and 5years cause-specific survival (CSS) was 5% (95% CI 5.1-5.4%). The 5-year survival with multimodal therapy (chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation) was 22% (95% CI 20.5-22.8%). 5-year CSS for the blacks was lower at 4.7% (95% CI 4.2-5.1%) compared to the whites at 5.3% (95% CI 5.1-5.4%). Multivariate analysis found male gender and black race associated with worse prognosis. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis found multimodal therapy to have the best outcomes in all three stages. PDAC is an aggressive malignancy with male gender and black race are associated with a poor prognosis. Surgery with chemoradiation was associated with the best overall survival. With steadily increasing rates of PDAC, improved treatment modalities are paramount to improving survival in these patients.

Comparing the role of different treatment modalities in locoregionally advanced olfactory neuroblastoma: The 20-year clinical experience of a single institution.

The clinical value of different treatment modalities, especially systemic chemotherapy (CT) in patients with locoregionally advanced olfactory neuroblastoma (LA ONB) remains unclear. Patients with LA ONB from 2000 to 2020 at our center were collected retrospectively. The entire cohort was divided into combined systemic and local therapy (CSLT) versus local therapy (LT) groups (grouping method 1), and the same cohort was divided into neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) versus non-NAC groups (grouping method 2). CSLT group included patients treated with CT + LT. LT group included patients treated with surgery (SG), radiotherapy (RT), concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT), or any combination of the above methods. LT group was further divided into mono-modality local therapy (MOLT) group and multi-modality local therapy (MULT) group. MOLT group included patients treated with RT alone or SG alone. MULT group included patients treated with SG + RT/CCRT, or CCRT alone. NAC group included patients treated with NAC + LT ± adjuvant chemotherapy (ADC). Non-NAC group included patients who received LT ± ADC. A total of 111 patients with LA ONB were included. The median follow-up was 80.2 months (range, 2.1-254.9). The 5- and 10-year OS rates were 70.2% and 61.3%, respectively. In univariate analysis, patients treated with NAC (n = 43) had significantly better overall survival (OS) compared with those without NAC (n = 68) (p = 0.041). Patients in MULT group (n = 45) had significantly improved OS (p = 0.004) and PFS (p = 0.003) compared with those in MOLT group (n = 15). Multivariate analysis identified NAC and CSLT (n = 51) were independent prognostic factors for superior OS (p = 0.020, p = 0.046). Our study suggested that CSLT, especially a combination of NAC and LT, improved the survival of patients with LA ONB. Multiple treatment modalities yielded better PFS and OS compared to single-modality treatment.

Comparing the role of different treatment modalities in locoregionally advanced olfactory neuroblastoma: The 20-year clinical experience of a single institution.

e18055 Background: There are few studies on different treatment modalities, especially systemic chemotherapy (CT) for locoregionally advanced olfactory neuroblastoma (LA ONB) with only a few small-sample studies reported. We retrospectively analyzed the treatment patterns and explored the factors affecting the prognosis of patients with LA ONB at our center over the past 20 years in the present study. Methods: LA ONB patients from 2000 to 2020 at our center were collected retrospectively. The entire cohort was divided into combined systemic and local therapy (CSLT) vs. local therapy (LT) groups (grouping method 1), and the same cohort was divided into neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) vs. non-NAC groups (grouping method 2). CSLT group included patients treated with CT + LT. LT group included patients treated with surgery (SG), radiotherapy (RT), concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT), or any combination of the above methods. LT group was further divided into mono-modality local therapy (MOLT) group and multi-modality local therapy (MULT) group. MOLT group included patients treated with RT alone or SG alone. MULT group included patients treated with SG + RT/CCRT, or CCRT alone. NAC group included patients treated with NAC + LT ± adjuvant chemotherapy (ADC). Non-NAC group included patients who received LT ± ADC. Results: A total of 111 patients with LA ONB were included. The median age was 40 (range, 10–82) years old. The median follow-up duration for the entire cohort was 80.2 (range, 2.1-254.9) months, while 88.5 (range, 4.0-240.7) months for the CSLT group, 77.2 (range, 2.1-254.9) months for the LT group, 86.0 (range, 4.0-240.7) months for the NAC group, and 78.7 (range, 2.1-254.9) months for the non-NAC group. Thirty-five patients (31.5%) died, among which 30 patients died of tumor progression, 3 patients died of other diseases, and 2 patients’ causes of death were not available. The estimated 5-year overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), local recurrence-free survival (LRFS) and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) rates for the entire cohort (n = 111) were 70.2%, 53.1%, 73.6%, and 74.1%, respectively. The estimated 10-year OS, PFS, LRFS, and DMFS rates were 61.3%, 37.7%, 60.1%, and 68.0%, respectively. In univariate analysis, patients treated with NAC (n = 43) had significantly better overall survival (OS) compared with those without NAC (n = 68) ( P = 0.041). Patients in MULT group (n = 45) had significantly improved OS ( P = 0.004) and PFS ( P = 0.003) compared with those in MOLT group (n = 15). Multivariate analysis identified NAC and CSLT (n = 51) were independent prognostic factors for superior OS ( P = 0.020; P = 0.046). Conclusions: Our study suggested that CSLT, especially a combination of NAC and LT, improved the survival of patients with LA ONB. Multiple treatment modalities yielded better PFS and OS compared to single modality treatment.

Review of Previous Research Works Done on Tamak ShwasaConducted Across India and Role of Different Treatment Modalities in Tamak Shwasa

At present era, many chronic recurrent airway disorders are increasingly seen all over the global population. Tamak Shwasais one of such disorder described in Ayurveda. It is one of the variety among five types of Shwasa rogacharacterized by prolonged expiration, wheeze, dyspnoea of exceedingly deep velocity, which is immensely injurious to life. In modern science, it can be correlated with bronchial asthma. According to Ayurveda Tamak shwasais a Yapya vyadhi. It is not serious as Maha, Urdhvaand Chhinna shwasabut it is a very troublesome disease and long lasting with frequent episodes (attacks) difficult to bring under control unless quick and prompt treatment is not provided. Shodhanaand Shaman chikitsaare the important line of treatment described in Ayurvedicclassics. Shodhana karmais studied to be a necessary prerequisite in managing Shwasa roga, particularly in patients with sufficient strength, because the disease is manifested by the aggravated Prana vayuand by the obstruction of Kapha. Similary there are lots of herbal drugs and rasapreparation having Vatakaphashamak, Ushna, Vatanulomana, Shwasaharand Kasaharaproperties which seems to be very effective in the treatment of Tamak shwasa. So there are many research studies were done by various previous scholars on Shodhana karma, rasapreparation and herbal drugs to analyse their efficacy and effectiveness on the disease Tamak shwasa.

A leafy surprise: Case report of male breast malignant phyllodes.

Introduction and importancePhyllodes tumor is a biphasic fibroepithelial tumor which accounts for less than 1% of all breast neoplasms. We aim to raise awareness among clinicians that a male breast lump may be indicative of underlying sinister pathology and therefore, should be investigated thoroughly.Case presentationA 62 year old male presented in clinic with right beast lump for the last 6 weeks. A preoperative diagnosis of spindle cell tumor was made on core needle biopsy. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was administered in order to downsize the tumor as it was inseparable from underlying muscle. A post-operative diagnosis of malignant phyllodes was made following mastectomy. As the tumor was 1 mm from the deep margin, adjuvant radiotherapy was administered.Clinical discussionDifferential diagnoses of malignant phyllodes include metaplastic carcinomas metastatic/primary sarcomas and fibroadenomas. Metaplastic carcinomas are morphologically heterogeneous and include adenosquamous carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and spindle cell carcinoma. In some malignant phyllodes, extensive stromal proliferation can make detection of epithelial component very difficult. This highlights the limitation of core biopsy in establishing an accurate preoperative diagnosis.The standard treatment for phyllodes treatment is surgical resection with margins of 1 cm or more. Adjuvant radiotherapy is used in cases with threatened margins.ConclusionMalignant phyllodes tumor of breast can exist in men, and its accurate pre-operative diagnosis is difficult given the limitations of core biopsy. This case report draws attention to the challenges associated with the diagnosis of this rare condition and highlights the role of different treatment modalities in its management.

Comparing the Role of Different Treatment Modalities for Plantar Fasciitis: A Double Blind Randomized Controlled Trial.

Although many treatment modalities including rest, stretching, strengthening, change of shoes, arch supports, orthotics, night splints and anti-inflammatory agents have been advocated for plantar fasciitis, there is no report in the literature which compares the independent effectiveness of each treatment modality without the concomitant use of any other one. A double blind, randomized controlled study was undertaken where 140 patients of plantar fasciitis were divided into four groups with 35 patients each. Patients in four groups received analgesics, hot water fomentation and silicon heel pads, plantar fascia stretching and calf stretching exercises, respectively. Heel pain was evaluated using Foot Function Index (FFI) and disability using Foot and Ankle Disability Index (FADI). Clinical evaluation was done weekly up to a period of 4months and then at 6months, 8months, 10months and 12months. Mean age of patients was 43.4 ± 10.6years with average duration of symptoms being 27.26weeks (range 4-200weeks). Both FFI and FADI showed statistically significant improvement at 12months in all the four groups (p value < 0.0001 for all groups). However, groups 2, 3 and 4 were observed to show statistically better results in terms of heel pain reduction (FFI) as compared to group 1 (ANOVA, p value < 0.0001 for group 1 vs. 2, group 1 vs. 3 and group 1 vs. 4). In terms of disability (FADI), best results were observed in group 3. Plantar fascia stretching exercises resulted in most significant improvement in both the scores (FFI and FADI), followed by treatment with heat and silicone heel pad and calf stretching exercises.

Clinical Evaluation and Treatment Outcome of Traumatic Optic Neuropathy in Nepal: A Retrospective Case Series

ABSTRACTThis study aims to report the clinical features and role of different treatment modalities in final visual outcome in traumatic optic neuropathy (TON). The authors retrospectively reviewed the records of patients with TON over 4 years. There were 37 patients of unilateral TON. Mean age was 28.70 ± 15.20 years (range: 8–90) and 89% (n = 33) were males. Road traffic accident was the common cause (43.2%), followed by fall injury (35.1%). There was improvement of visual acuity in 51.4% (n = 19) cases. Out of different treatment modalities, high-dose intravenous methylprednisolone (1 g/day) led to significant improvement in final visual acuity (p = 0.013). There was no significant improvement in final visual outcome in patients with poor initial visual acuity and those with intracranial injuries.

Role of Different Treatment Modalities in Cavity Volume during the Treatment of Cystic Ecchinococcosis.

Surgery and percutaneous aspiration-injection-re-aspiration (PAIR) are widely accepted treatment modalities for hepatic hydatid cysts. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography (ERCP) acts as a minimally invasive rescue method for the biliary complications of both the hydatid cysts and treatment modalities. The aim of this study was to identify the role of different treatment modalities in the obliteration of hydatid cysts. Patients treated for hydatid cysts between January 2009 and December 2013 were evaluated in the study. Data were collected from hospital records. All cyst cavities were evaluated by ultrasonography or computed tomography. Ninety-five (40.4%) males and 140 (59.5%) females were included in the study. Before the procedures, the mean cyst diameter was 89.7±33.5 mm. At follow-up, the mean cyst diameter decreased to 53.2±30.1 mm. In the ERCP group, the mean diameter of the residual hydatid cyst cavity was significantly lower than that of the other groups (p=0.003). ERCP provides faster cyst shrinkage and even disappearance of the residual cavity in 50% of cases. Moreover, in hydatid cysts with biliary communication, ERCP+ES can be safely used for primary treatment.

Clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of primary gastric lymphoma: A retrospective study with 165 cases.

Primary gastric lymphoma (PGL) is the most common extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma. This retrospective study aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics, prognostic factors, and roles of different treatment modalities in patients with PGL.From January 2003 to November 2014, 165 patients who were diagnosed with PGL at West China Hospital were enrolled in this study. The clinical features, treatment, and follow-up information were analyzed.In this study, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) (108, 65.5%) and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma (52, 31.5%) were two predominant histological subtypes. One-year and 5-year overall survival (OS) rates of all patients were 95.2% and 79.5%, respectively; in whom 110 (66.7%) underwent surgery, 110 (66.7%) received chemotherapy, 12 (7.3%) received radiotherapy, and 10 (6.1%) received Helicobacter pylori eradication. And 75 patients (45.5%) were treated with at least 2 different types of therapies. Elevated lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, poor performance status (PS), advanced stage, International Prognostic Index (IPI) score ≥3, conservative treatment, and high-grade histological subtype were associated with worse prognosis in univariate analysis. Cox regression analysis showed that LDH levels, PS, staging, and histological subtype were independent predictors of survival outcomes. In the DLBCL type, 5-year OS was significantly better in the surgically treated group (80.1%) than that of patients conservatively treated (49.8%) (P = 0.001). Surgical treatment had almost no impact on OS in the MALT type than conservative treatment (P = 0.597). The proportion of patients received conservative treatment increased from 4.5% in period 1 to 51.7% in period 4.High LDH levels, poor PS, advanced staging, and malignant pathological type at diagnosis are significantly associated with poor OS. Our data suggest that surgery is superior in prognosis over conservative treatment in the DLBCL type, but not in the MALT type. Recently, conservative treatment is becoming more preferred approach in patients with PGL.

A case report of bone metastases from appendiceal adenocarcinoma and a review of literature

Appendiceal adenocarcinoma (AA) is a rare cancer, accounting for less than 0.5% of all gastrointestinal cancers. As such, there is still debate surrounding both the nature of the disease and the roles of different treatment modalities in the care of this patient population. Metastases of AA, particularly distant metastases, have not been explored extensively in literature. As survival in optimally treated cases of AA continues to improve, clinicians may encounter previously unrealized complications of this disease or unlikely metastases at a higher frequency. We reported the rare case of a 50-year-old male with recurrent mucinous AA who developed painful pelvic bone metastases. To palliate his symptoms, the patient underwent 30 Gy of external beam radiation treatment (EBRT) in 10 fractions to the pelvis. The patient achieved a good pain response after completion of EBRT, with elimination of analgesic use one month post-treatment. This case demonstrates successful palliative management of bone metastases from a primary mucinous AA. Although there is a lack of evidence-based guidelines specific to the treatment of AA, there are a variety of therapies available [e.g., chemotherapy, cytoreductive surgery (CRS), radiation, etc.]. The use of these treatments is largely determined by prognostic factors.

Brain metastases from stomach cancer – The role of different treatment modalities and efficacy of palliative radiotherapy

AimTo evaluate different treatment modalities, sequences, and prognostic factors in patients with brain metastases from stomach cancer. BackgroundBrain metastases from gastric cancer are rare and late manifestation of the disease, occurring in less than 1% of gastric cancer patients. The prognosis is poor and median overall survival is 1.3–2.4 months. The standard treatment scheme has not yet been described. Most studies present small sample sizes. The choice of treatment scheme is individually based on performance status, number, location and size of metastases, the status of primary tumor and the presence of other metastases. Materials and methodsSixteen patients diagnosed with brain metastases from gastric cancer in Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch.Patients, mostly men (69%) aged 51–75 years, (median 68.5 years). Thirteen (81.25%) had treatment of primary tumor before diagnosis of brain metastases. Primary metastatic gastric cancer was diagnosed in 6 patients (37.5%), in 3 cases (18.75%) brain was the site of those metastases. Treatment schemes were individually based. ResultsWe identified prognostic factors influencing OS: performance status, number of brain metastases, type of treatment. Median OS was 2.8 months. Median time to brain metastases was 12.3 months and it was shorter in patients with pretreatment metastases to other organs. Patients treated with combined treatment had median survival of 12.3 months. ConclusionsAggressive treatment schemes are needed to improve the outcome. Prognostic factors such as performance status, number of metastases, dissemination to other organs are helpful in considering the best treatment options.

Primary gastric non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in Chinese patients: clinical characteristics and prognostic factors

BackgroundOptimal management and outcome of primary gastric lymphoma (PGL) have not been well defined in the rituximab era. This study aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics, prognostic factors, and roles of different treatment modalities in Chinese patients with PGL.MethodsThe clinicopathological features of 83 Chinese patients with PGL were retrospectively reviewed. Staging was performed according to the Lugano staging system for gastrointestinal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.ResultsThe predominant pathologic subtype among Chinese patients with PGL in our study was diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL), followed by mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. Among the 57 patients with gastric DLBCL, 20 patients (35.1%) were classified as the germinal center B cell-like (GCB) subtype and 37 patients (64.9%) as the non-GCB subtype. The 83 patients had a five-year overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) of 52% and 59%, respectively. Cox regression analysis showed that stage-modified international prognostic index (IPI) and performance status (PS) were independent predictors of survival. In the 67 B-cell lymphoma patients who received chemotherapy, 36 patients treated with rituximab (at least 3 cycles) had a mean OS of 72 months (95% CI 62-81) versus 62 months (95% CI 47-76) for patients without rituximab treatment (P = 0.021).ConclusionThe proportion of Chinese gastric DLBCL cases with non-GCB subtype was higher than the GCB subtype. Stage-modified IPI and PS were effective prognostic factors in Chinese patients with PGL. Our data suggested that primary gastric B-cell lymphoma might have an improved outcome with rituximab in addition to chemotherapy. More studies are necessary, preferentially large prospective randomized clinical trials to obtain more information on the impact of the rituximab in the primary gastric B-cell lymphoma.

Induction erlotinib therapy in stage IIIA-N2 non-small cell lung cancer.

TPS284 Background: Stage IIIA non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is seen in a relatively heterogeneous group of patients with ipsilateral mediastinal (N2) lymph node involvement. The relative roles of different treatment modalities are not clear. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) may result in dramatic responses in patients with pulmonary adenocarcinoma carrying EGFR activating mutations. In case reports, the efficacy of perioperative EGFR-TKI therapy in patients with locally advanced NSCLC harboring EGFR gene mutations was satisfactory. Although no prospective data support the use of EGFR-TKIs as induction therapy in stage IIIA-N2 NSCLC, their low toxicity profile and the possibility of a rapid tumor response suggests that prospective trials are required. Therefore, this study evaluated the value of induction erlotinib therapy in IIIA-N2 NSCLC selected by EGFR gene analysis and explored a new treatment strategy for this subset. Erlotinib specifically targets the EGFR TK domain, which is highly expressed and occasionally mutated in various forms of cancer. It binds in a reversible fashion to the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) binding site of the receptor. Methods: A two-stage phase II trial of induction EGFR-TKI therapy is currently recruiting participants (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00600587). Patients with resectable stage IIIA-N2 NSCLC confirmed by mediastinoscopy or PET/CT were assigned to the induction erlotinib therapy arm (150 mg erlotinib taken once daily and continued uninterrupted for 42 d before evaluation and thoracotomy/radiotherapy) or the induction gemcitabine/carboplatin (GC) arm based on the EGFR mutation analysis. Study type: Interventional. Study Design: Active control, factorial assignment, nonrandomized, open label, safety/efficacy study, treatment. Primary outcome measures: Response to induction therapy, disease-free survival. Estimated enrollment: Fifteen cases in the erlotinib arm are needed in the first stage, and 46 cases in the second stage. At present, six patients have been assigned to the induction erlotinib therapy arm and seven to the induction GC arm. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Primary gastric diffuse large B‐cell Lymphoma (DLBCL): analyses of prognostic factors and value of pretreatment FDG‐PET scan

We report a single institution experience with gastric diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in an attempt to evaluate the roles of different treatment modalities, to assess the value of pretreatment positron emission tomography (PET) scan, and to identify potential prognostic factors. Among 384 patients diagnosed with DLBCL between 1995 and 2008, 75 patients had primary gastric DLBCL and were reviewed and analyzed. The median age was 66. International prognostic index (IPI) risk was low in 52%, low-intermediate in 23%, high-intermediate in 9%, and high in 16%. Pretreatment PET scan was highly sensitive in detecting gastric lesions except stage I gastric DLBCL without detectable mass by CT or gastroscopy. As a general rule, patients with limited-stage disease were treated with three times of CHOP (with or without rituximab) and radiotherapy, and those with advanced-stage disease were treated with eight cycles of CHOP (with or without rituximab), and radiotherapy was given to residual diseases after chemotherapy. Three-year overall survival (OS) rate was 78%. Multivariate analysis revealed that low albumin, hemoglobin <12.0 g/dL, and treatment without rituximab were independently associated with shorter OS. Low albumin, hemoglobin <12.0 g/dL,and advanced stage were independently associated with shorter progression-free survival. We showed the survival benefit of rituximab and potential prognostic value of pretreatment hemoglobin and serum albumin levels in gastric DLBCL.

La gynécomastie, ses étiologies et sa prise en charge chirurgicale : y a-t-il une différence entre les cas bilatéraux et unilatéraux ?

Numerous excision and liposuction techniques have been described to correct bilateral male breast enlargement. Yet little attention has been directed towards the rare cases of unilateral gynecomastia which have frequently been suspected to be malignant. The purpose of this study was to investigate the results of surgical gynecomastia management and the roles of different treatment modalities in a large patient cohort with special attention to etiology, treatment and outcome in the cases of unilateral involvement.