Role Of CT In Diagnosis Research Articles

Subarachnoid haemorrhage caused by a ruptured aneurysm: diagnosis and management. NG 228. Commentary on the role of CT in diagnosis of subarachnoid haemorrhage for patients presenting within 6 h of thunderclap headache

The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) have recently (23/11/22) published guidance that covers the diagnosis and management of patients that present with subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) due to rupture of a brain aneurysm. 1 NICE Subarachnoid haemorrhage caused by a ruptured aneurysm: diagnosis and management. NICE guideline [NG228]. Published: 23 November. 2022; (https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng228 (accessed 30/12/2022)) Google Scholar NICE guidance provides critically reviewed evidence-based information for commissioners, for all healthcare professionals involved in the care of patients with aneurysmal SAH, for patients, their families, and carers.

Usefulness of CT Scan in Diagnosis of Cervical Spine Injury

Traumatic injuries account for more than 3.2 million deaths and more than 312 million injured annually worldwide. The present study was conducted to assess role of CT in diagnosis of cervical spine injury. 85 patients with cervical spine injury of both genders were selected and CT scan was obtained. Frankel grading was followed. Out of 85 patients, males were 55 and females were 30. The mechanism of trauma was RTA in 40, violence in 20, fall in 15 and sports injury in 10. Grade I was seen in 40, grade II in 25, grade III in 16, grade IV in 4 and grade E in none. The difference was significant (P< 0.05). CT scan found to be effective in assessing traumatic injuries to cervical spine.

Role of Computed Tomography Scan in the Assessment of Subacute Intestinal Obstruction at Bhuj, Kutch: A Prospective Study

Background: Bowel obstruction occurs when the normal flow of intraluminal contents is interrupted. Obstruction can be functional or due to a mechanical obstruction. Now a day’s CT is considered to be the most efficacious imaging technique for determining the cause of intestinal obstruction. However, the indications for the use of CT in patients with Sub-Acute Intestinal Obstruction (SAIO) have not been fully defined. Objectives of the present study are to study the role of CT in Diagnosis of patients with suspected subacute intestinal obstruction (SAIO), to find out site & cause of obstruction and to diagnose complications of obstruction. Subjects and Methods: This study was conducted at Department of Radiodiagnosis, Gujarat Adani institute of Medcial Science, Bhuj, Kutch, Gujarat. Total number of 22 patients with SAIO having equivocal findings on USG was included in this study. Detailed clinical evaluation of the patients was done. Plain x-ray of abdomen in erect posture & abdominopelvic ultrasound were performed before CT scan. CT scans were performed on a GE lightspeed VCT 64 slice scanner and acquired in precontrast & portovenous phase at 60sec after i.v. contrast administration. Results: Age of the patients in the study range between 14 to 76 years. Out of 22 were 12 male & 10 female patients. On CT scan all 22 patients were found to have obstruction with 19 patients having mechanical obstruction & 3 patients having pseudo obstruction secondary to appendicitis, jejunal perforation. Most common cause of SAIO was ileal stricture 38% followed by intussusceptions 23%. Conclusion: CT is not only useful in distinguishing mechanical obstruction from paralytic ileus but also it often establishes the cause of obstruction & presence of complications like strangulation & perforation.

Role of Multidetector CT in Diagnosis and Classification of Acute Pancreatitis

Role of Multidetector CT in Diagnosis and Classification of Acute Pancreatitis

Bladder Malignancies on CT: The Underrated Role of CT in Diagnosis

The purpose of this article is to review the utility of CT in diagnosing bladder malignancies, CT protocol options that may improve the conspicuity of bladder tumors, suggestive imaging features, and potential mimics. Although evaluation of the bladder has traditionally been considered purely the realm of cystoscopy, many bladder tumors can be identified with CT. However, diagnosis requires optimization of CT technique and close attention to a number of potentially subtle findings.

Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease: the role of CT

The authors sought to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) in the detection of pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD) in patients with pre-capillary pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) of unknown aetiology, and to identify the role of CT in diagnosis and therapy. The CT scans of 96 patients were retrospectively reviewed and assessed for specific HRCT findings: ground-glass opacities, septal lines and mediastinal lymph nodal enlargement (short diameter ≥1 cm). According to the HRCT findings, patients were divided into PVOD-suspicious and not PVOD-suspicious. Subsequently, a clinical-instrumental evaluation was performed, and the response to therapy and histopathological reports were evaluated. Radiological evaluation based on HRCT findings revealed 29 patients as PVOD-suspicious and 67 as not PVOD-suspicious. The final diagnosis was PVOD in 22 patients and idiopathic PAH in 74 patients. The CT scan showed 95.5 % sensitivity, 89% specificity, 72.5% positive predictive value, and 98.5% negative predictive value, with a diagnostic accuracy of 90.5% in identifying patients with PVOD. Chest CT can be considered a screening test in the assessment of patients with PAH of unknown aetiology, and the radiologist can help the clinician to identify patients with CT findings that make PVOD highly probable.

Anterior Mediastinal Extension of Primary Chest Wall Infections: Role of Spiral CT in Detection and Management

The purpose of this review was to define the role of spiral CT in the diagnosis and clinical management of patients with mediastinal infections resulting from extension of anterior chest wall infections. The review focuses on determining the frequency of mediastinal extension of chest wall infections as well as to define the patterns spread. CT scans of 22 consecutive patients collected over a 2-year period with anterior chest wall infections were evaluated both prospectively and retrospectively. Clinical, pathologic, and CT characteristics of the infections were evaluated. The extension of the infection into the mediastinum as well as the role of CT in diagnosis and management of these patients was examined. Of the 22 patients, 10/22 (45.4%) showed CT evidence of mediastinal infection. Extension of chest wall infection occurred in patients with both soft tissue and sternoclavicular joint processes. The assessment of mediastinal involvement was best seen at the level of the great vessels origin from the aortic arch. CT findings in the mediastinum included fat hyperdensity and stranding, fluid collections (abscess), and mass effect on the great vessels. Sensitivity and specificity of CT for determination of mediastinal infection were both 100%. In 5 of 10 cases with evidence of mediastinal extension, the clinical situation required surgical drainage. In the other five cases the patients were managed with antibiotic therapy alone. Mediastinal involvement of chest wall infections is a common occurrence. Conservative and/or surgical management must be tailored to the patient. Factors to consider in management decisions include the clinical status, CT findings, and patient compliance. Rapid CT evaluation may permit timely surgical intervention, limiting complications in some patients.

The role of CT in diagnosis of scapho-lunate instability

The role of CT in diagnosis of scapho-lunate instability

Anterior Mediastinal Extension of Primary Chest Wall Infections: Role of Spiral CT in Detection and Management

The purpose of this review was to define the role of spiral CT in the diagnosis and clinical management of patients with mediastinal infections resulting from extension of anterior chest wall infections. The review focuses on determining the frequency of mediastinal extension of chest wall infections as well as to define the patterns spread. Subjects and Methods: CT scans of 22 consecutive patients collected over a 2-year period with anterior chest wall infections were evaluated both prospectively and retrospectively. Clinical, pathologic, and CT characteristics of the infections were evaluated. The extension of the infection into the mediastinum as well as the role of CT in diagnosis and management of these patients was examined. Results: Of the 22 patients, 10/22 (45.4%) showed CT evidence of mediastinal infection. Extension of chest wall infection occurred in patients with both soft tissue and sternoclavicular joint processes. The assessment of mediastinal involvement was best seen at the level of the great vessels origin from the aortic arch. CT findings in the mediastinum included fat hyperdensity and stranding, fluid collections (abscess), and mass effect on the great vessels. Sensitivity and specificity of CT for determination of mediastinal infection were both 100%. In 5 of 10 cases with evidence of mediastinal extension, the clinical situation required surgical drainage. In the other five cases the patients were managed with antibiotic therapy alone. Conclusions: Mediastinal involvement of chest wall infections is a common occurrence. Conservative and/or surgical management must be tailored to the patient. Factors to consider in management decisions include the clinical status, CT findings, and patient compliance. Rapid CT evaluation may permit timely surgical intervention, limiting complications in some patients.

Posterior Sternoclavicular Joint Dislocation

Posterior sternoclavicular (SC) joint dislocations are rare but can have serious complications, such as hemorrhage or tracheal rupture or compression. Described here is the case of a 21-year-old college football player who fell on his right shoulder and, on the basis of a physical exam and plain radiographs, was first diagnosed as having an apophyseal injury of the SC joint. Increased shoulder and throat pain led to further evaluation; a CT scan revealed a posterior SC joint dislocation. Knowing the signs and symptoms that characterize these dislocations, the role of CT in diagnosis, and the techniques of emergency reduction can prevent or minimize serious complications.

Fracture of the ipsilateral neck of the femur in shaft nailing. The role of CT in diagnosis.

We report retrospective and prospective studies to identify the causes of fracture of the femoral neck associated with femoral shaft nailing on the same side. Of a total of 14 neck fractures in a series of 152 shaft nailings, eight were not visible on the initial pelvic radiographs. We used CT scans before and after operation, and fluoroscopy during the procedure in our prospective series, and reviewed abdominal CT scans retrospectively with the window set to bone level. Six of the eight undisplaced fractures were shown to have been present before operation, but two were iatrogenic. We recommend the preoperative use of CT scans of the femoral neck in high-risk patients such as those with associated fractures of the acetabulum, the distal femur or the patella. Early diagnosis will allow better general management and early fixation of the neck fracture.

Nonbiliary laparoscopic gastrointestinal surgery: role of CT in diagnosis and management of complication.

Laparoscopic techniques are evolving for a wide range of surgical procedures outside the biliary tree. We describe the CT findings of important complications detected after nonbiliary laparoscopic gastrointestinal surgery and the role of CT in their management. Over a 3-year period, 209 patients had nonbiliary gastrointestinal laparoscopic procedures (partial or total colectomy, splenectomy, Nissen fundoplication, lymph-node dissection, herniorrhaphy, appendectomy, and exploratory laparoscopy). Thirty-seven abdominopelvic CT studies were performed on 18 (9%) of these patients for complications after surgery. In all cases CT findings were reviewed and correlated with follow-up surgical, clinical, or interventional radiologic findings. Fourteen major complications were detected on CT in 12 of 18 (67%) patients who had undergone partial or total colectomy (6/25, 24%), splenectomy (4/41, 10%), appendectomy (1/15, 7%), or lymph-node dissection (1/43, 2%). These complications included seven abscesses (three of the splenic bed, two of the pelvis, one of the liver, and one of the abdominal wall). The remaining complications were four hematomas (two in the abdominal wall caused by trocar site bleeding, one intraperitoneal, and one retroperitoneal), one case of colon perforation, one case of pancreatitis, and one case of splenic infarction. Percutaneous abscess drainage was performed successfully in seven patients, using CT guidance in six. Six patients had negative CT studies. Major complications may occur after complex nonbiliary laparoscopic procedures and are probably related to lack of experience with new surgical techniques. In this study, such complications occurred most often after laparoscopic colectomy and splenectomy. CT valuable in their diagnosis and in the management of abscess collections.

Role of CT in diagnosis of major arterial injury after blunt thoracic trauma: Miller FB, Richardson JD, Thomas HA, et al Surgery 106:596–603 Oct 1989

Role of CT in diagnosis of major arterial injury after blunt thoracic trauma: Miller FB, Richardson JD, Thomas HA, et al Surgery 106:596–603 Oct 1989

The role of CT in diagnosis and follow-up of osteosarcoma.

The role of CT in diagnosis and follow-up of osteosarcoma.