Role Of Corridors Research Articles

Role of Corridor in Territorial Meaning Formation in “Owned Low-cost Apartments” (‘Rusunami’) Bidara Cina, Jakarta, Indonesia

Urbanization and urban land shortage are crucial issues that require different solutions in every country. Development of “vertical housing” (“owned and rental low-cost apartments”) is one of the alternatives to overcome the huge demand of urban housing, especially for low-income group. The design of “low-cost apartments” (‘rusuna’) in Jakarta with a floor area of apartment units (‘sarusun’ units) 18-24 m 2 (private territory) inhabited by several family members, who can be seen putting their belongings on the corridor, “residual space”, and public space (public territory). These conditions finally establish patterns of behavior to adapt to the circumstances and environment that can lead to territorial issues, social conflict and “occupancy” of public space for private purposes. This research will study the sense of territoriality for residents and find the role of corridor in territorial meaning formation in ‘rusuna’ (‘rusunami’ and ‘rusunawa’), with a case study of the building block “A”, “owned low-cost apartments” (‘rusunami’) Bidara Cina in Jakarta, Indonesia. The research was conducted using qualitative methods through in-depth interviews to understand the territorial meaning, field observation, activities mapping the corridor “occupancy” for private purposes, as well as reviewing the related theories from literature and journal reviews about characteristics of the territoriality in architecture. The results found that the role of corridor as manifestation of the physical needs: need of space, culture & habit, economic necessity, agreement; and physiological needs: tolerance, security & safety, perception, togetherness, social interaction; has a great influence on the formation of territorial meaning in block “A” building ‘rusunami’ Bidara Cina, Jakarta, Indonesia.

Large-Scale Habitat Corridors for Biodiversity Conservation: A Forest Corridor in Madagascar.

In biodiversity conservation, habitat corridors are assumed to increase landscape-level connectivity and to enhance the viability of otherwise isolated populations. While the role of corridors is supported by empirical evidence, studies have typically been conducted at small spatial scales. Here, we assess the quality and the functionality of a large 95-km long forest corridor connecting two large national parks (416 and 311 km2) in the southeastern escarpment of Madagascar. We analyze the occurrence of 300 species in 5 taxonomic groups in the parks and in the corridor, and combine high-resolution forest cover data with a simulation model to examine various scenarios of corridor destruction. At present, the corridor contains essentially the same communities as the national parks, reflecting its breadth which on average matches that of the parks. In the simulation model, we consider three types of dispersers: passive dispersers, which settle randomly around the source population; active dispersers, which settle only in favorable habitat; and gap-avoiding active dispersers, which avoid dispersing across non-habitat. Our results suggest that long-distance passive dispersers are most sensitive to ongoing degradation of the corridor, because increasing numbers of propagules are lost outside the forest habitat. For a wide range of dispersal parameters, the national parks are large enough to sustain stable populations until the corridor becomes severely broken, which will happen around 2065 if the current rate of forest loss continues. A significant decrease in gene flow along the corridor is expected after 2040, and this will exacerbate the adverse consequences of isolation. Our results demonstrate that simulation studies assessing the role of habitat corridors should pay close attention to the mode of dispersal and the effects of regional stochasticity.

Climate change and plant dispersal along corridors in fragmented landscapes of Mesoamerica.

Climate change is a threat to biodiversity, and adaptation measures should be considered in biodiversity conservation planning. Protected areas (PA) are expected to be impacted by climate change and improving their connectivity with biological corridors (BC) has been proposed as a potential adaptation measure, although assessing its effectiveness remains a challenge. In Mesoamerica, efforts to preserve the biodiversity have led to the creation of a regional network of PA and, more recently, BC. This study evaluates the role of BC for facilitating plant dispersal between PA under climate change in Mesoamerica. A spatially explicit dynamic model (cellular automaton) was developed to simulate species dispersal under different climate and conservation policy scenarios. Plant functional types (PFT) were defined based on a range of dispersal rates and vegetation types to represent the diversity of species in the region. The impacts of climate change on PA and the role of BC for dispersal were assessed spatially. Results show that most impacted PA are those with low altitudinal range in hot, dry, or high latitude areas. PA with low altitudinal range in high cool areas benefit the most from corridors. The most important corridors cover larger areas and have high altitude gradients. Only the fastest PFT can keep up with the expected change in climate and benefit from corridors for dispersal. We conclude that the spatial assessment of the vulnerability of PA and the role of corridors in facilitating dispersal can help conservation planning under a changing climate.

Green corridors in urban landscapes affect the arthropod communities of domestic gardens

Ecological corridors are landscape elements that prevent the negative effects of fragmentation. However, their effectiveness has never been clearly validated in urban landscapes.We analysed the role of green corridors in an urban context by comparing metacommunities of arthropods in (i) woodlots considered as sources of species, (ii) woody corridors and domestic gardens that are (iii) connected (CG) or (iv) disconnected to corridors (DG) and taking into account the connectivity of the matrix. We trapped 3 taxa of arthropods – spiders, carabids and staphylinids – because they are sensitive to fragmentation but with different dispersal capabilities. We analysed their species richness, abundance and taxonomic and functional composition.For the 3 taxa, the taxonomic and functional compositions of communities in CG were closer to those of the corridor and the source than those of DG. Woodland species were associated with source, corridor and CG. A lower abundance in DG was revealed for staphylinids and spiders. Lower species richness in DG was observed for staphylinids.The differences between taxa could be explained by the dispersal capabilities of the species and by their various responses to landscape structures. For carabids, processes at a wider scale could be responsible for their rarity in sources and, consequently, in gardens. For spiders, the colonisation from other sources could explain the high species richness found in disconnected gardens.Our results suggest that the role of corridors is crucial for enhancing biodiversity in green spaces such as domestic gardens. Our results clarify the effectiveness of corridors in urban landscapes and have direct implications for the ecological management of cities.

Identifying transit corridors for elephant using a long time-series

The role of corridors in mitigating the effects of landscape fragmentation on biodiversity is controversial. Recent studies have highlighted the need for new approaches in corridor design using long-term datasets. We present a method to identify transit corridors for elephant at a population scale over a large area and an extended period of time using long-term aerial surveys. We investigated environmental and anthropogenic factors directly and indirectly related to the wet versus dry season distribution of elephant and its transit corridors. Four environmental variables predicted the presence of elephant at the landscape scale in both seasons: distance from permanent water, protected areas and settlements and vegetation structure. Path analysis revealed that altitude and monthly average NDVI, and distance from temporary water had a significant indirect effect on elephant distribution at local scale in dry and wet seasons respectively. Five transit corridors connecting Tarangire National Park and the northern as well as south-eastern wet season dispersal areas were identified and matched the wildlife migration routes described in the 1960s. The corridors are stable over the decades, providing landscape connectivity for elephant. Our approach yielded insights how advanced spatial analysis can be integrated with biological data available from long-term datasets to identify actual transit corridors and predictors of species distribution.

Are hedgerows effective corridors between fragments of woodland habitat? An evidence-based approach

Anthropogenic modification of the countryside has resulted in much of the landscape consisting of fragments of once continuous habitat. Increasing habitat connectivity at the landscape-scale has a vital role to play in the conservation of species restricted to such remnant patches, especially as species may attempt to track zones of habitat that satisfy their niche requirements as the climate changes. Conservation policies and management strategies frequently advocate corridor creation as one approach to restore connectivity and to facilitate species movements through the landscape. Here we examine the utility of hedgerows as corridors between woodland habitat patches using rigorous systematic review methodology. Systematic searching yielded 26 studies which satisfied the review inclusion criteria. The empirical evidence currently available is insufficient to evaluate the effectiveness of hedgerow corridors as a conservation tool to promote the population viability of woodland fauna. However, the studies did provide anecdotal evidence of positive local population effects and indicated that some species use hedgerows as movement conduits. More replicated and controlled field investigations or long-term monitoring are required in order to allow practitioners and policy makers to make better informed decisions about hedgerow corridor creation and preservation. The benefits of such corridors in regard to increasing habitat connectivity remain equivocal, and the role of corridors in mitigating the effects of climate change at the landscape-scale is even less well understood.

A Survey and Overview of Habitat Fragmentation Experiments

Abstract: Habitat destruction and fragmentation are the root causes of many conservation problems. We conducted a literature survey and canvassed the ecological community to identify experimental studies of terrestrial habitat fragmentation and to determine whether consistent themes were emerging from these studies. Our survey revealed 20 fragmentation experiments worldwide. Most studies focused on effects of fragmentation on species richness or on the abundance(s) of particular species. Other important themes were the effect of fragmentation in interspecific interactions, the role of corridors and landscape connectivity in individual movements and species richness, and the influences of edge effects on ecosystem services. Our comparisons showed a remarkable lack of consistency in results across studies, especially with regard to species richness and abundance relative to fragment size. Experiments with arthropods showed the best fit with theoretical expectations of greater species richness on larger fragments. Highly mobile taxa such as birds and mammals, early‐successional plant species, long‐lived species, and generalist predators did not respond in the “expected” manner. Reasons for these discrepancies included edge effects, competitive release in the habitat fragments, and the spatial scale of the experiments. One of the more consistently supported hypotheses was that movement and species richness are positively affected by corridors and connectivity, respectively. Transient effects dominated many systems; for example, crowding of individuals on fragments commonly was observed after fragmentation, followed by a relaxation toward lower abundance in subsequent years. The three long‐term studies (14 years) revealed strong patterns that would have been missed in short‐term investigations. Our results emphasize the wide range of species‐specific responses to fragmentation, the need for elucidation of behavioral mechanisms affecting these responses, and the potential for changing responses to fragmentation over time.

Linkages in the Landscape: The Role of Corridors and Connectivity in wildlife Conservation

Increasing demand for resources through a growing world population and the development of consumer led economies has led to large-scale habitat modification. One of the most disturbing aspects of these changes is the loss of biodiversity. Conservation biology as a discipline seeks to counteract or minimize the loss of biodiversity. Management is an Important aspect in achieving this goal. One concept used in Wildlife management and conservation is that of landscape linkages. Linkages are aimed at faclhtatmg .the connectivity for species, communities or ecological processes. There are many types of linkages in the landscape; both natural and human induced. Covered in this book are linkages such as greenways, dispersal corridors, riparian remnants, wildlife corridors, stepping stones, hedgerows and road underpasses. Linkages range in scale from small patches of old-growth forest in a forest mosaic to migratory routes for birds across and between continents.

Variation in the use of corridors by introduced and native rodents in South-Eastern Australia

We examined the use of roadside corridors as habitat by introduced and Australian native rodents using a replicated sampling program that compared their abundance in remnant forest, two types of roadside corridor and pasture. Introduced rodents were most abundant in either the corridors (black rat Rattus rattus) or in the corridors and pastures (house mouse Mus musculus), whereas forests were favoured by the native bush rat Rattus fuscipes. For all species, the density of different age-classes varied between the habitats. Additionally, there was interspecific and intraspecific (age-class) variation in the number of males to females in each habitat, and adult female bush rats in corridors weighed less than those in forests. These data indicate that some introduced species may be more prominent in corridors than native taxa, and highlight the importance of considering intraspecific as well as interspecific variation in corridor use when evaluating the role of corridors.

The effects of landscape composition and physiognomy on metapopulation size : the role of corridors

We develop and analyze a model that examines the effects of corridor quality, quantity, and arrangement on metapopulation sizes. These ideas were formerly investigated by Lefkovitch and Fahrig (1985) and Henein and Merriam (1990). Our simulations provide results similar to the Henein and Merriam model, indicating that the quality of corridors in a landscape and their arrangement will influence the size of a metapopulation. We then go one step further, describing how corridor arrangement alters the metapopulation, and provide a method for predicting which corridor arrangements should support larger metapopulations. In contrast to the Henein and Merriam model, we find that the number of corridor connections has no influence on the size of a metapopulation in a landscape unless there is an accompanying change in the uniformity of the distribution of corridor connections among patches.

The role of corridors in conservation: solution or bandwagon?: R. J. Hobbs, Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 7(11), 1992, pp 389–392

The role of corridors in conservation: solution or bandwagon?: R. J. Hobbs, Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 7(11), 1992, pp 389–392

Nature Conservation 2: The Role of Corridors

Nature Conservation 2: The Role of Corridors

The role of corridors in conservation: Solution or bandwagon?

Corridors are currently a major buzzword in conservation biology and landscape ecology. These linear landscape features may perform numerous functions, but it is their role in facilitating movement of fauna that has attracted much recent debate. The database supporting the idea of corridors acting as faunal conduits is remarkably small, and few studies have actually demonstrated that movement along corridors is important for any given species. Such data are very difficult to obtain, and conservation biologists are thus faced with the problem of whether to recommend the allocation of resources to corridors on the assumption that they may be important.

Ecological Linkages: Nature Conservation 2 . The Role of Corridors. Denis A. Saunders and Richard J. Hobbs, Eds. Surrey Beatty, Chipping Norton, NSW, Australia, 1991. xiv, 442 pp., illus., + plates. $A80. From a conference, Western Australia, 1989.

Ecological Linkages: <i>Nature Conservation 2</i> . The Role of Corridors. Denis A. Saunders and Richard J. Hobbs, Eds. Surrey Beatty, Chipping Norton, NSW, Australia, 1991. xiv, 442 pp., illus., + plates. $A80. From a conference, Western Australia, 1989.

Ecological Linkages: Nature Conservation 2 . The Role of Corridors. Denis A. Saunders and Richard J. Hobbs, Eds. Surrey Beatty, Chipping Norton, NSW, Australia, 1991. xiv, 442 pp., illus., + plates. $A80. From a conference, Western Australia, 1989.

Ecological Linkages: <i>Nature Conservation 2</i> . The Role of Corridors. Denis A. Saunders and Richard J. Hobbs, Eds. Surrey Beatty, Chipping Norton, NSW, Australia, 1991. xiv, 442 pp., illus., + plates. $A80. From a conference, Western Australia, 1989.

The role of conservation corridors in a changing climate: R.J. Hobbs & A.J.M. Hopkins, in: Nature conservation 2: the role of corridors, ed D.A. Saunders & R.J. Hobbs, (Surrey Beatty), 1991, pp 281–290

The role of conservation corridors in a changing climate: R.J. Hobbs & A.J.M. Hopkins, in: Nature conservation 2: the role of corridors, ed D.A. Saunders & R.J. Hobbs, (Surrey Beatty), 1991, pp 281–290

The role of corridors in the management of an endangered passerine: A. Danks, in: Nature conservation 2: the role of corridors, ed D.A. Saunders & R.J. Hobbs, (Surrey Beatty), 1991, pp 291–296

The role of corridors in the management of an endangered passerine: A. Danks, in: Nature conservation 2: the role of corridors, ed D.A. Saunders & R.J. Hobbs, (Surrey Beatty), 1991, pp 291–296

A data bank is never enough: the local approach to landcare: K. Bradby, in: Nature conservation 2: the role of corridors, ed D.A. Saunders & R.J. Hobbs, (Surrey Beatty), 1991, pp 377–385

A data bank is never enough: the local approach to landcare: K. Bradby, in: Nature conservation 2: the role of corridors, ed D.A. Saunders & R.J. Hobbs, (Surrey Beatty), 1991, pp 377–385

Nature conservation 2: the role of corridors: ed D. A. Saunders & R. J. Hobbs, (Surrey Beatty, Chipping Norton, NSW), ISBN (hardback) 0 949324 35 3, price A$80.00, 1991, 442 pp, index

Nature conservation 2: the role of corridors: ed D. A. Saunders & R. J. Hobbs, (Surrey Beatty, Chipping Norton, NSW), ISBN (hardback) 0 949324 35 3, price A$80.00, 1991, 442 pp, index

Habitat use by birds across a forest-suburb interface in Brisbane: implications for corridors: C.P. Catterall, R.J. Green & D.N. Jones, in: Nature conservation 2: the role of corridors, ed D.A. Saunders & R.J. Hobbs, (Surrey Beatty), 1991, pp 247–258

Habitat use by birds across a forest-suburb interface in Brisbane: implications for corridors: C.P. Catterall, R.J. Green & D.N. Jones, in: Nature conservation 2: the role of corridors, ed D.A. Saunders & R.J. Hobbs, (Surrey Beatty), 1991, pp 247–258