Role Of Coping Strategies Research Articles

Factors Affecting the Level of Exhaustion among Public School Teachers in Catbalogan City

Teachers' exhaustion is a prevalent issue that affects their well-being and job performance. It is crucial for educational institutions and policymakers to address these factors and implement strategies to support and prioritize the well-being of teachers. Teaching is a demanding profession that requires high levels of energy and commitment. The study aimed to assess the factors affecting the level of exhaustion of single and married teachers in public schools in Catbalogan City Division. This study utilized a descriptive-correlational research design. Accordingly, "Financial Background”, and "Financial Components” ranked 1st, and 2nd among 7 factors affecting exhaustions to teacher-respondents, thus, the Composite Mean= 3.65 with descriptive interpretation of “Agree.” Further, there was a low positive association between Civil Status, and Years of Teaching; and Level of Exhaustion. Moreover, there was no significant correlation between Civil Status and Level of Exhaustion. The findings suggest a complex interplay between civil status, years of teaching, and levels of exhaustion among educators. While years of teaching experience shows a low positive association with exhaustion, civil status alone does not significantly correlate with exhaustion levels. Future research could further explore the specific contextual factors in Catbalogan City and similar settings to better understand the dynamics of teacher exhaustion. Additionally, longitudinal studies could provide insights into how teachers' experiences of exhaustion evolve over time and the role of coping strategies in mitigating burnout.

The Role of Coping Strategies in Children’s Repeated Suggestive Interviews

Often in the forensic context, child victims and witnesses are interviewed several times, exposing them to suggestive questions and social pressures. The present study had the main purpose of verifying the effect of coping strategies on the levels of immediate suggestibility and on the Resistant Behavioral Responses (RBRs) of children subjected to repeated suggestive interviews. A sample of 90 children, aged between 11 and 14, were administered the two parallel Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scales (GSS2 and GSS1) a few months apart and the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS) to detect their coping strategies. The results showed that the avoidance coping increased suggestive vulnerability and reduced resistant responses. Task-oriented coping favored responses with greater source monitoring, which allow for the rejection of misleading information. Coping strategies did not show direct effects on the management of the socioemotional aspects involved in the suggestive interaction. After the negative feedback that invites children to be more accurate, a smaller effect of the avoidance strategy was recorded, indicating how actively requesting greater source monitoring can lead children to better recognize misleading information.

The Role of Coping Strategies as a Mediator Between Parenting Daily Hassles and Quality of Life Among Parents of Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders

The Role of Coping Strategies as a Mediator Between Parenting Daily Hassles and Quality of Life Among Parents of Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Affiliate Stigma Among Caregivers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: The Role of Coping Strategies and Perceived Social Support

Caregivers of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may experience stigma due to ASD-related symptoms. However, factors such as coping strategies and perceived social support might impact the affiliate stigma they experience. To date, no research has explored the association between ASD symptom severity and affiliate stigma, considering the role of coping strategies and perceived social support in different cultural contexts. This study aimed to test a hypothesized model in which coping strategies and perceived social support mediate the association between children’s ASD symptom severity and caregivers’ affiliate stigma. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 392 caregivers of children with ASD in Saudi Arabia. Data were collected using structured interviews with eligible caregivers at a developmental and behavioral disorder clinic, five daycare centers, and three schools. The hypothesized model was tested using structural equation modeling. The study found that caregivers of children with ASD reported experiencing affiliate stigma. Additionally, as the severity of children’s ASD symptoms increased, caregivers’ perceptions of affiliate stigma also increased. However, both maladaptive coping strategies and perceived social support mediated this relationship. The findings emphasize the importance of addressing the psychosocial needs of caregivers of children with ASD, particularly by decreasing the use of maladaptive coping strategies and providing social support to minimize their experience of affiliate stigma.

Perceived psychological status among family caregivers of an autistic child: the role of coping strategies and self-esteem as predictors

Purpose The purpose of this study is to assess psychological distress among parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), self-esteem as a predictor of such distress and the effect of coping strategies. Design/methodology/approach A descriptive correlational study design was conducted using a convenient sample of parents of ASD children (N = 93). Findings This study revealed that the parents of an ASD child experienced a high level of anxiety (M = 15.89), a moderate level of depression (M = 15.85) and a mild level of stress (M = 16.86). Parents of ASD children also reported a low self-esteem score (M= 13.27). Mothers of ASD children reported higher levels of psychological distress, lower levels of self-esteem and more frequent utilisation of maladaptive coping strategies than fathers of ASD children. Practical implications Parents of children with ASD experience a significant level of psychological distress; however, this may be improved by developing programmes and psychological interventions focused on improving parents’ self-esteem and using more active coping strategies. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study conducted in Saudi Arabia that predict the psychological status among family caregivers of an autistic child.

The role of coping strategies in subjective wellbeing indicators of non-profit workers

This study examines the relationship between coping styles, job satisfaction, and subjective wellbeing among non-profit (NPO) workers serving refugees. A sample of 228 paid and volunteer NPO workers based in Turkey was analysed, revealing generally high levels of job satisfaction and widespread utilisation of coping mechanisms. The most common coping strategies among NPO workers include social support, exercise, and prayer/spirituality. Interestingly, while no significant variations were found in happiness and life satisfaction scores based on coping strategies, there were significant differences in job satisfaction scores. Specifically, employing prayer/spirituality as a coping strategy is associated with higher levels of happiness, life satisfaction, and job satisfaction. These results suggest the potential benefits of incorporating prayer/spirituality into coping mechanisms within the NPO work. Conversely, workers who did not utilise any coping strategies reported the lowest levels of job satisfaction, highlighting the importance of employing coping strategies to enhance job satisfaction in NPO work.

Life satisfaction and problem-focused coping among future physical culture teachers

Background and Study Aim. Behavior adjustment, as an individual's response to threats, is an effective means of managing stress. Therefore, the aim of this study is to explore the correlation between life satisfaction and problem-focused coping strategies among future physical culture teachers.
 Materials and Methods. The study involved students (n=72, aged 18-21 years). The research was conducted during the 2022-2023 academic year in an online format. The following instruments were used: "Life Satisfaction Scale," "Coping Test," and "Coping Strategy Indicator." Pearson's correlation coefficient was employed to determine the relationships between variables.
 Results. The results indicate a moderate to low level of life satisfaction among the students. The adaptability of students' behavior was assessed based on the expression level of coping strategies (M±σ): problem-solving (23.5±6.8), seeking social support (26.7±7.5), and avoidance of problems (22.1±6.4). The findings suggest both positive and negative correlations between core coping strategies and life satisfaction among students.
 Conclusions. The findings of this research can contribute to the existing knowledge on the role of coping strategies in enhancing life satisfaction among physical culture teachers. By identifying effective coping mechanisms, educational institutions and professionals in the field can develop targeted interventions and support systems to promote the well-being and resilience of future teachers.

The role of coping strategies in the relationship between attachment style and psychological well-being in mothers of children with autism

This study aims to evaluate the relationship between attachment style and psychological well-being in mothers of children with autism, as well as the mediating role of maternal coping in this relationship. The pragmatic aim of the research was to provide theoretical and practical information regarding the attachment style, coping, and well-being of families who have children with autism especially mothers, as they are most often involved in the care and upbringing of these children. The present study is a correlational, cross-sectional study conducted on a sample of 113 mothers of autistic children aged between 22 and 51 years, M = 39.78, SD = 4.89. The children’s ages ranged between three and 14 years, M = 10.61, SD = 2.65. A number of 66 children were boys (58%) and 47 were girls (42%). The instruments used were the Psychological Well-being Scale (PWBS), Adult Attachment Scale (AAS), Brief COPE. The multiple linear regression showed that only the secure attachment of mothers is a significant predictor of well-being. Mediation analyses showed that neither adaptive nor maladaptive coping mediates the relationship between attachment style and well-being. In conclusion, we discussed the limitations and future research direction and also the importance of preserving higher well-being in mothers of children with autism.

A long and resilient life: the role of coping strategies and variability in their use in lifespan among women

ABSTRACT Objectives Associations of stress-related coping strategies with lifespan among the general population are understudied. Coping strategies are characterized as being either adaptive or maladaptive, but it is unknown the degree to which variability in tailoring their implementation to different contexts may influence lifespan. Method Women (N = 54,353; Mage = 47) completed a validated coping inventory and reported covariate information in 2001. Eight individual coping strategies (e.g., Acceptance, Denial) were considered separately. Using a standard deviation-based algorithm, participants were also classified as having lower, moderate, or greater variability in their use of these strategies. Deaths were ascertained until 2019. Accelerated failure time models estimated percent changes and 95% confidence intervals (CI) in predicted lifespan associated with coping predictors. Results In multivariable models, most adaptive and maladaptive strategies were associated with longer and shorter lifespans, respectively (e.g., per 1-SD increase: Active Coping = 4.09%, 95%CI = 1.83%, 6.41%; Behavioral Disengagement = −6.56%, 95%CI = −8.37%, −4.72%). Moderate and greater (versus lower) variability levels were similarly and significantly related to 8-10% longer lifespans. Associations were similar across age, racial/ethnic, residential income, and marital status subgroups. Conclusions Findings confirm the adaptive and maladaptive nature of specific coping strategies, and further suggest benefits from both moderate and greater variability in their use for lifespan among women.

Association Between Cyberbullying Victimization and Loneliness Among Adolescents

Cyberbullying may create psychological well-being problems and several coping strategies can augment the strength between cyberbullying and psychological well-being issues. The current study endeavors to investigate the association between cyberbullying victimization and feelings of loneliness among adolescents and also the role of coping strategies and emotional intelligence between cyberbullying and loneliness. Various coping strategies can alleviate the strength between cyberbullying victimization and loneliness. Through a survey questionnaire, data were collected from 451 adolescents in India. The findings reveal that coping strategies (seeking support, active coping, and avoidant coping) diminish loneliness and act as a mediator between cyberbullying victimization and loneliness. Seeking support and active coping strategies ease the loneliness resulting from cyberbullying victimization, while avoidant coping strategy is found to be non-significant. Emotional intelligence is found to alleviate the negative effects of cyberbullying on loneliness. The research can augment existing knowledge of cyberbullying and the mental well-being of adolescents concerning loneliness and emotional intelligence. The contributions of the study on the linkages among these variables and the psychological well-being concerns of adolescent victims of cyberbullying are highlighted.

Co-present smartphone use, friendship satisfaction, and social isolation: The role of coping strategies

Constant reliance on smartphones has resulted in frequent interruptions of face-to-face interactions. In the present study, we focused on three instances of co-present smartphone use: phubbing, i.e., using smartphones during in person social interactions with friends; being phubbed, i.e., being ignored by conversation partners due to smartphone use; and co-use, i.e., sharing and using the smartphone together with friends. Taking into account the moderating role of direct and avoidant coping strategies, we tested associations between co-present smartphone use, friendship satisfaction, and social isolation. We conducted a survey among late adolescents and young adults who are active smartphone users (N = 840). Results revealed no association between phubbing and friendship satisfaction, however, both phubbing and being phubbed were positively associated with social isolation. An avoidant coping strategy further strengthened the association between being phubbed and social isolation. Being phubbed was inversely associated with friendship satisfaction, a relationship which was stronger only for those with lower levels of a direct coping strategy. As expected, co-use positively related to friendship satisfaction and negatively to social isolation. We discuss the findings in the context of negative consequences of phubbing and being phubbed, while emphasizing the importance of co-use in fostering friendship satisfaction and reducing social isolation. Furthermore, the role of coping strategies in moderating these associations underscores the need for targeted interventions to address the smartphone-related challenges in social settings.

“I think to myself ‘why now?’” – a qualitative study about endometriosis and pain in Austria

BackgroundEndometriosis is a chronic, benign, and oestrogen-dependent condition and about 10–15% of all women of reproductive age are affected by endometriosis worldwide. It is not curable and pain is one of the most common symptoms of endometriosis and leads to low quality of life in affected women. To our knowledge, in German-speaking countries, no studies with qualitative methods approaches are available concerning women who suffer from pain caused by endometriosis and possible associated coping strategies. Our study aims to familiarise ourselves with the individual pain experience of selected women who suffer from endometriosis in Austria and their coping strategies.MethodsA qualitative study design was based on problem-centred interviews for data collection and qualitative content analysis for data analysis. The research participants were women aged between 18 and 55 diagnosed with endometriosis and living in Austria. The interview period was from 27 February to 26 March 2019 and interviews lasted between 50 and 75 min.ResultsEight categories were formulated, of which category 3 (thoughts and feelings regarding endometriosis and pain - ‘why?’), category 5 (effects and changes caused by endometriosis and pain – ‘quality of life’), category 7 (taboos – ‘don`t talk about it’), and category 8 (talking about it – ‘contact with others in the same position’) were relevant for this article. The remaining four categories [1–4] have already been published elsewhere.ConclusionOur data show that the social environment plays a fundamental role in coping strategies concerning pain caused by endometriosis. Women in our study reported that exchange with peers offers support. This opens a door for information events, patient organizations like support groups, and the inclusion of these in the supporting system. Involving occupational medicine and workplace health promotion departments in companies should be further goals to support affected women.

Front-line hotel employees mental health and quality of life post COVID-19 pandemic: The role of coping strategies

The tourism business has been severely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in economic and job losses due to travel restrictions and lockdown measures. Among those most impacted are tourism employees, who have experienced job insecurity, financial difficulties, and increased work-related stress. The pandemic has also produced a significant negative effect on both mental health and quality of life (QOL) of these employees, leading to high levels of anxiety, stress, and depression. This study aims to assess the impacts of three coping strategies (problem-focused, social support, and avoidance) on the mental health and quality of life of front-line hotel employees. Data were collected from 700 participants and analyzed using SPSS version 25 and structural equation modeling (SEM) and AMOS program version 24. Our study found that social support and problem-solving coping strategies were effective in mitigating the negative impacts of stress, depression, and anxiety, while avoidance coping strategy did not have a significant impact. The mental health consequences of stress, depression, and anxiety were found to reduce the quality of life of hotel employees. The study highlights the significance of developing and implementing effective coping strategies to support the mental health and well-being of tourism employees. The findings suggest that organizations should provide resources and support to address the mental health needs of their employees.

Psychological distress, coping strategies and social support among HIV positive patients in Calabar, Nigeria

The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection substantially impacts psychological and emotional wellbeing via various mechanisms. The role of coping strategies and social support in the mental health of People Living with HIV (PLWH) is under-investigated. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of anxiety and depression and their relationship with coping and social support among PLWH. This cross-sectional study involved 251 patients selected using systematic sampling from the HIV Clinic of the General Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria. A sociodemographic questionnaire was administered along with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale to measure anxiety and depression. Participants were also administered the 32-item Coping Strategies Inventory and the Oslo Social Support Scale to measure coping strategies and social support, respectively. The respondents were mostly female (72.5%) and had a mean age of 35.3 [SD=10.9]. The prevalence of anxiety and depression was 27.1% and 19.5%, respectively. Both anxiety and depression had significant negative associations with problem-focused engagement, emotion-focused engagement and problem-focused disengagement, and significant positive associations with emotion-focused disengagement (p<0.01). Social support was poor and had a significant negative association with anxiety, significant positive associations with problem-focused engagement, emotion-focused engagement and problem-focused disengagement, and significant negative associations with emotion- focused disengagement (p<0.01). Our study highlights the importance of coping strategies and social support among PLWH. Based on findings, adaptive coping and social support protect PLWH from deterioration in their mental health. In addition, PLWH with good social support might cope better with the diagnosis.

Anxiety and Depression during the Second Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Coping Strategies.

Evidence suggests increased anxious-depressive symptoms in the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic, also in its second wave. High symptom variability across individuals suggests that risk and protective factors, including coping strategies, can play a mediating role. General Anxiety Disorder-7, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and Brief-COPE questionnaires were administered to people attending a COVID-19 point-of-care. Univariate and multivariate methods were used to test the association of symptoms with risk and protective factors. A total of 3509 participants (27.5% with moderate-severe anxiety; 12% with depressive symptoms) were recruited. Sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, including age, sex, sleep, physical activity, psychiatric treatments, parenthood, employment, and religiosity were associated with affective symptoms. Avoidant (self-distraction, venting, behavioral disengagement) and approach (emotional support, self-blame but not positive reframing and acceptance) coping strategies predicted greater anxiety. Avoidant strategies, including venting, denial, behavioral disengagement, substance use, and self-blame, and the humor strategy were associated with more severe depressive symptoms, while the planning predicted the opposite. Coping strategies, in addition to socio-demographic and life-habit factors, could have contributed to modulating anxious and depressive symptoms during the second-wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, thus advocating for interventions aimed at promoting positive coping strategies to reduce the psychosocial toll of the pandemic.

Role of coping strategies in mediating the effects of behavioral inhibition and activation systems on anger rumination and expression in patients with borderline personality disorder: A 12-month longitudinal study

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by anger rumination and expression, and these features are associated with Behavioral Inhibition and Activation Systems (BIS/BAS). This longitudinal study investigates the role of effective and ineffective coping strategies in mediating the association between BIS/BAS and anger rumination/expression in patients with BPD. This longitudinal study was performed on outpatients with BPD referring to two clinical and research centers in China from June 2019 to June 2021. A total of 340 patients with BPD were included in this study. Participants were investigated with BIS/BAS and Brief COPE at baseline and with anger rumination/expression questionnaire at a one-year follow-up session. Our findings demonstrated a significant indirect effect of BAS-Reward and BAS-Drive through problem-based coping skills on anger expression one year later. Besides, we found a significant indirect effect of BIS through avoidant coping skills on anger rumination one year later. Nonetheless, we failed to show a significant mediatory role for emotion-based coping skills. Our findings might have valuable implications for future studies that investigate anger management strategies based on personality traits and coping skills of patients with BPD.

The impact of family-to-work spillover on the subjective well-being: role of coping strategies

Purpose. The study focuses on issues related to gender inclusion in organizations. It examine show employers can support women in achieving a balance in two domains: work and family. Employees with childcare commitments can perceive the impact of family on work as positive or negative, and this perception might affect their well-being. Following person-environment fit theory, we test the hypothesis that coping strategies can reduce negative consequences and strengthen positive ones. Study design. Women from CIS countries with childcare commitments (N = 200) participated in this survey. The data was collected in close partnership with the SelfMama project. Findings. The results demonstrate thatsuch coping strategies as positive reinterpretation and growth, planning, denial, and attention leads to insignificance of the negative relationship between the negative spillover effect of the family on workand employee well-being, while venting of emotions and behavioral disengagement act in a similar wayin case of low variable value. At the same time, such coping strategies as planning, venting of emotions, denial, and attention, with their high manifestation, strengthened the relationship between the positive spillover effect of the family on work and well-being, while behavioral disengagement moderated in a similar manner at low values. Thus, the following coping strategies with high manifestation are the most effective moderators: planning, denial, and attention in case of their high manifestation, as wellas venting of emotions and behavioral disengagement in case of their low value. Value of results. The observations obtained will allow the management of companies and employees themselves to increase gender inclusion, pointing to more effective coping strategies that can be trained for employees with childcare commitments.

The Relationship between Sternberg's Tridimensional Intelligence and Coping Strategies in Facing Trauma in Self-Care Women

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between Sternberg's three-dimensional intelligence and coping strategies in facing trauma in self-care women. The descriptive research method was correlation type. The statistical population of the research was all female heads of households in Tehran in 2022. The research sample included 150 female heads of households in the 20th district of Tehran, who were supported by the Imam Khomeini Relief Committee. The sampling method was determined voluntarily. The research tools were Grigorenko and Sternberg's (2002) successful intelligence questionnaire and Andler and Parker's (1990) coping strategies questionnaire. The method of data analysis was Pearson's correlation coefficient and multivariate regression analysis using spss software. The research findings showed that there is a weak significant relationship between analytical intelligence, emotion-oriented strategies and avoidance strategies, but there is a strong positive significant relationship between creative and practical intelligence and problem-oriented, emotion-oriented and avoidance strategies. Also, the results of the research showed that the problem-oriented strategy has the ability to predict intelligence. It can be concluded that Sternberg's three-dimensional intelligence can play a positive role in coping strategies in facing trauma in self-care women.

Cyberbullying among adolescents in Turkey: the relationship between coping strategies and cyberbullying perpetration.

Cyberbullying is becoming a global threat with the ease of access to the internet. Although many studies addressed the relationship between coping strategies and cyber victimization, the role of coping strategies, protective or risk factors, on involvement in cyberbullying perpetration is unclear. Therefore, the present study aims to examine the effect of active, avoidant, and negative coping strategies and the sociodemographic variables (i.e., parents' education, gender, and family income) on cyberbullying perpetration behaviors. The study was conducted on 1032 adolescents (mean age=16.01 years; range=14-18 years), 608 (58.9%) were female, and 424 (41.1%) were male. Personal Information Form, Cyberbullying Scale, and Coping Scale for Adolescents (the KIDCOPE) were used in data collection. Multiple regression analysis was performed for data analysis. The study's findings revealed that active coping strategy (β=-.26, p < .001) was a protective factor for cyberbullying perpetration behaviors, whereas avoidant (β=.31, p < .001) and negative coping (β=.32, p < .001) strategies and the mother's education (β=.10, p < .001) were risk factors. However, the study results showed that gender (β=-.01, p > .05), family income (β=.03, p > .05), and the father's education (β=.01, p > .05) were not predicting factors of cyberbullying perpetration behaviors. The results are discussed in light of the relevant literature and presented some theoretical and practical implications.

Cyberstalking and Previous Offline Victimization in Italian Young Adults: The Role of Coping Strategies

The aim of this study was to examine the association between different coping strategies and physical and emotional consequences, depressive symptoms, state anxiety, and trait anxiety, distinguishing between victims with previous offline victimization experiences (e.g., bullying, domestic violence) and those without such experiences. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed in a snowball system to more than 700 young adults in Italy. A total of 689 individuals completed the instrument. Of these, 305 participants (44%) reported having been victims of at least one form of cyberstalking. A total of 201 participants (66% of victims) reported having experienced both cyberstalking and other forms of victimization in their lifetime, while 89 (29% of victims) reported having experienced only cyberstalking. Overall, the results of this study show that victims with previous victimization had significantly higher scores on physical, emotional, depressive, and anxiety symptoms than victims who had never been victimized. In addition, results showed that victims who have been victimized before are more likely to use all three strategies (proactive, avoidant, passive) to stop cyberstalking than victims who have never been victimized. The results of this study may be useful in developing interventions to mitigate the effects of cyberstalking and prevent future victimization.