Role Of Antioxidant Supplementation Research Articles

Role of Antioxidant Supplements in Idiopathic Male Infertility in Erbil City

Background: Fertil Aid for Men is a non-prescription dietary supplement, it’s a mixture of multiple antioxidants,vitamins, a blend of herbal ingredients, and amino acid, as L-Carnitine. This research aims to appraise theeffectiveness of a mixture of vitamins and antioxidants on seminal fluid parameters in males with idiopathicinfertility.Method: Thirty-three men with idiopathic infertility were involved inthis prospective clinical study. The baselinesemen specimens were taken from the subjects following three to seven days’ abstinence. Semen parametersincluding (volume, pH, concentration, and motility) were measured. Abnormal sperm sample subjects were givena FertilAid capsule three times daily for 90 days then final semen analysis was estimated.The outcomes of this study demonstrated consumption of fertilAid has significantly improved sperm count/ml (p< 0.05), also significant amelioration in the sperm motility including progressive and non-progressive motility (p< 0.05). The rate of total sperm motility was significantly improved (p < 0.05).The concentration of immotile spermhas considerablyreduced (p < 0.05).Conclusion: The administration of a combination of L-Carnitine, Zinc, Maca Root, Asian Ginseng, Vitamin C, E,Beta Carotene, and Selenium PLUS CoQ10 in idiopathic male infertility has notably improved sperm parameters.

FAST-TWITCH MUSCLE FIBERS HYPERTROPHY IS HAMPERED BY ANTIOXIDANT SUPPLEMENTATION DURING ATROPHY REHABILITATION IN RATS

The role of antioxidant supplementation on muscle recovery after disuse is unknown. The aim was to investigate the effect of Vitamin C and E supplementation on muscle recovery after hindlimb suspension. Twenty-two Wistar rats were allocated into 4 groups: exercise with supplementation (VIT, [Formula: see text]); exercise with placebo (PLA, [Formula: see text]); hindlimb suspension (SUSP, [Formula: see text]), and control (CON, [Formula: see text]). All groups, except for CON, were submitted to a hindlimb suspension protocol for 10 days. Then, VIT and PLA underwent 10 days of a rehabilitation protocol consisting of exercise on a treadmill. VIT received vitamin C (250 mg/kg/day) and E (360 mg/kg) during rehabilitation. Samples of soleus and tibialis anterior were prepared for cross-sectional area (CSA) and biochemical analysis. Both VIT (1265.6[Formula: see text]m[Formula: see text]2, 95% CI: 1234.6–1290.3) and PLA (1280.9[Formula: see text]m[Formula: see text]2, 95% CI: 1296.4–1354.9) presented higher CSA of the soleus in relation to CON (816.66[Formula: see text]m[Formula: see text]2, 95% CI: 866.3–904.0, [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] 0.05) with no difference between them. Both VIT (1276.9[Formula: see text]m[Formula: see text]2, 95% CI: 1378.7–1484.6) and PLA (1573.3[Formula: see text]m[Formula: see text]2, 95% CI: 1553.9–1651.5) presented higher tibialis anterior CSA in relation to CON (1041.56[Formula: see text]m[Formula: see text]2, 95% CI: 1119.1–1185.2, [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] 0.05). In this muscle, CSA of PLA was higher than VIT ([Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] 0.05). Vitamin’s supplementation attenuated tibialis anterior hypertrophy following the rehabilitation protocol.

Review on the role of antioxidant supplementation against oxidative stress: a human and animal approach to male fertility

Male infertility is one important factor among the multifactorial causes of couple infertility, being oxidative stress one of the main related sources. Sperm is a specialized cell extremely susceptible to stress. To understand and mitigate this event, many studies have used different antioxidants, orally or in vitro supplementation, trying to improve sperm quality and function. Considering the extensive available literature regarding approaches and attempts to solve male fertility issues, the aim of this review is evaluating the effects of antioxidant supplementation on sperm, in both humans and experimental models with animals. This review selected original data from PubMed. The keywords used were: antioxidant, sperm, male fertility, antioxidant supplementation, male infertility; and the term "rodents" was added to the descriptors “antioxidant” and “male fertility”. Only studies published in indexed journals, in English, between 2015 and 2019 were included. This review involves i) human sperm and ii) rodent sperm. For the human approach, the search retrieved 496 articles and 80 were included, among which 28 studies were of in vitro antioxidant supplementation, 19 involved oral antioxidant supplementation and the remaining 33 concerned quantification of oxidants and antioxidants already present in the seminal samples. For the rodent approach, 152 articles were retrieved and 52 were included: 3 of varicocele, 11 of diabetes, 10 of therapeutic drugs, 3 of physical exercise, 10 of environmental exposure and 3 of heat stress. The remaining studies involved oxidative stress status in experimental models. Antioxidants use for reproductive purposes is increasing in an attempt to achieve better gametes and embryos. Vitamins C, B and E, selenium and zinc are the most commonly used antioxidants, with remarkable evidences in improving pathophysiological seminal conditions.

Variable neuroprotective role of Filipendula ulmaria extract in rat hippocampus.

We evaluated the influence of an antioxidant-rich extract of Filipendula ulmaria L. on anxiety levels induced by nano-sized particles of different calcium phosphates. Rats in experimental groups were administered with either nano-sized hydroxyapatite, tricalcium phosphate, or amorphous calcium phosphate in the presence of Filipendula ulmaria extract. Appropriate behavioral tests were performed to assess anxiety levels, while oxidative status and apoptosis parameters were determined in the hippocampus samples. The applied calcium phosphates increased oxidative stress markers in hippocampal tissue, accompanied by an enhanced pro-apoptotic mechanism. Moreover, the hippocampal immunoreactivity for brain-derived neurotrophic factor and GABAergic-A receptors was significantly lower following calcium phosphate nanoparticles intake. The observed functional and morphological alterations in the rat hippocampus occurred simultaneously with the anxiogenic response estimated in behavioral testing. The neuroprotective effect of Filipendula ulmaria was markedly manifested by the attenuation of oxidative damage induced by amorphous calcium phosphate and enhanced anti-apoptotic action in the rat hippocampus. The increased hippocampal immunoreactivity for brain-derived neurotrophic factor, GABAergic-A receptors and significant anxiolytic-like effects of Filipendula ulmaria may suggest a beneficial role of antioxidant supplementation in preventing anxiogenic response to nano-sized calcium phosphates.

Role of antioxidant supplementation in oxidant/antioxidant status and hepatotoxic effects due to aflatoxin B1 in wheat miller workers

Background Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is classified as a Group I carcinogen. A Previous study found that oxidative stress from the metabolism of AFB1 induced hepatotoxic effects in wheat miller workers. Zinc and vitamin C may play a significant role in the activation of detoxification and overcoming the oxidative stress of AFB1. Objectives A prospective clinical trial was designed to evaluate the role of zinc and vitamin C oral supplementation on the oxidant-antioxidant status and the hepatotoxic effects of AFB1 in wheat miller workers. Methods Liver enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP, and GGT), P53 protein, malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione S transferase (GST), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), zinc and vitamin C were estimated in 35 wheat miller workers before and after zinc and vitamin C supplementation for 1month. Results The results revealed that zinc and vitamin C were significantly increased after the one-month supplementation, while liver enzymes (AST, ALP, and GGT), MDA, and GST of the workers were significantly decreased. SOD and P53 were also decreased but not to a significant level; SOD was decreased in 56% and P53 was decreased in 58% of the total workers. Conclusions Zinc and vitamin C oral supplementation for 1month had an ameliorative effect on the hepatotoxicity of AFB1 in wheat miller workers, through decreasing MDA, SOD, and GST levels that in turn led to an improvement in their liver enzymes. Further study on a larger scale is needed to confirm these results.

Does serum bilirubin prevent cardiovascular disease?

Bilirubin possesses potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-platelet, anti-hypercholesterolemic and anti-adiposity properties. Cross-sectional studies have demonstrated negative associations between serum bilirubin and metabolic syndrome (MetS), diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, longitudinal studies show conflicting results. Serum bilirubin levels are determined both genetically and environmentally, and fluctuate throughout one’s life. Longitudinal data suggest that some genetically hyperbilirubinemic individuals may have a lower CVD risk than the general population. However, the reverse may be also true; that is, postnatal metabolic or atherosclerotic diseases may cause oxidative stress and reduce serum bilirubin levels. Therefore, baseline serum bilirubin levels may not always be associated with future metabolic or atherosclerotic diseases. This situation resembles a phenomenon called antioxidant paradox; that is, randomized controlled trials have failed to confirm a role for antioxidant supplementation in CVD prevention, although oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of CVD. Further prospective studies are required to confirm whether serum bilirubin prevents metabolic and atherosclerotic diseases.

The Role of Antioxidant Supplementation in Endometriosis Therapy

The Role of Antioxidant Supplementation in Endometriosis Therapy

Oxidative stress in hypothyroid patients and the role of antioxidant supplementation.

Context:The available data concerning oxidant stress and antioxidant capacity in hypothyroidism are scanty and inconclusive. While some authors suggest that tissues may be protected from oxidant damage because of a hypometabolic state in hypothyroidism, others report increased oxidative stress in hypothyroidism. Selenium acts as a cofactor for the thyroid hormone (TH) deiodinases that activate and then deactivate various THs and their metabolites. Selenium may inhibit thyroid autoimmunity.Aims:The study was designed, first, to study the impact of oxidative stress in patients of primary hypothyroidism due to autoimmune thyroiditis, by estimation of serum malondialdehyde (MDA) as a biomarker of oxidative stress. Second, to study the change in MDA level pre- and post-L-thyroxine treatment. Finally, to look into the possible role of selenium supplementation on oxidative stress in autoimmune hypothyroidism.Subjects and Methods:Patients attending endocrine outpatient department (OPD) services of IPGMER and SSKM hospital were considered for the study. Sixty treatment-naive adult patients (age > 18 years) with hypothyroidism were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups, each comprised thirty patients. One group was treated with L-thyroxine and placebo (Group A). The other group received L-thyroxine replacement along with selenium (100 mcg twice a day) as antioxidant supplementation (Group B). The patients were blinded about selenium and placebo. The study duration for both groups was 6 months. The starting dose of L-thyroxine was 1.6 mcg/kg body weight free thyroxine (FT4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) was repeated after 12 weeks. L-thyroxine dose adjustments were done if needed. MDA was assessed at the beginning and at the end of the study, i.e., after 6 months of treatment. The control cohort was composed of thirty healthy adults. Only overt hypothyroidism (OH) cases were included in the study.Statistical Analysis Used:Normality of data was determined using Anderson–Darling test, Shapiro–Wilk test, and QQ plot. P values were calculated using ANOVA and post hoc Bonferroni tests for normally distributed data. Correlation analysis was carried out using Pearson correlation test. P < 0.05 considered to be statistically significant.Results:After treatment in Group A patients, FT4 showed a significant increment while TSH value decreased. MDA level reduced after treatment, (P < 0.001). After treatment in Group B patients, FT4 showed increment while TSH value decreased (P < 0.05). After treatment, there was a drop in estimated MDA level (P < 0.001). MDA level shows a significant drop in both groups after treatment. In Group B, there is more decline in the MDA percentage but did not reach statistical significance. By performing repeated measure MANOVA, no significant difference was found in the MDA levels between the two groups. MDA reduction when expressed as percentage showed reduction of 39.5% in patients of Group A. Similarly, Group B patients showed a percentage reduction of 45.4%.Conclusions:Oxidative stress compounds hypothyroidism. Hypothyroidism is a state of increased oxidative stress. In this study, biomarker, MDA level is high in treatment-naive primary hypothyroid patients. After treatment with L-thyroxine, the stress marker is reduced to a significant extent. MDA can be used as a useful biomarker to measure and monitor oxidative stress. The role of the addition of antioxidant in the form of selenium remained inconclusive.

Role of antioxidant supplementation in preventing noise induced hearing loss

Objective: Oxidative stress plays a significant role in noise induced hearing loss (NIHL) as it largely participates in the mechanisms that underlie cell death after noise exposure and leads to sensorineural hearing loss. Many antioxidant drugs have been tested to prevent NIHL. Study design: We compared the protective effects of five molecules having antioxidant properties (vitamin E, ferulic acid, active CoQ10, its synthetic analogue – idebenone, and the soluble formulation CoQter) tested in our laboratory. This study has been conducted in a model of acoustic trauma in rats in which the molecules were given intraperitoneally 1 h before and once daily for three days after pure tone noise exposure (10 kHz for 1 h at 100dB SPL).We evaluated their hearing function via electrophysiological measurements at 2, 7 and 21 days and performed morphological studies with scanning electron microscopy and TUNEL assay as a parameter of apoptotic activation. Results: All molecules decreased threshold shift, reaching almost a complete recovery starting from day 7 with a further light recovery at day 21. At this time-point all treatments reached almost 80–90% of protection; however, CoQter and vitamin E were the most effective treatments. A decreasing number of TUNEL-positive nuclei for each treatment were observed two days after noise exposure. The cochleogram and morphological observations were consistent with the protective effects measured by ABR, 21 days after trauma. Conclusion: These results indicate that the best protection can be achieved by using antioxidant molecules acting against mitochondrial induced oxidative stress, such as vitamin E and CoQter and the degree of protection depends on the pharmacological properties of the molecules.

Serum High Sensitivity CRP (HsCRP) in Psoriasis

Introduction: Psoriasis is a common and recurrent proliferative inflammatory skin disease that has been associated with abnormal plasma lipid metabolism and with high frequency of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Dyslipidemia in psoriatic patients make them more prone for CAD. Highly sensitive C reactive protein (HsCRP) is a recent and sensitive marker of the inflammation particularly in atherosclerotic changes. So the levels of hsCRP and lipid profile were evaluated in psoriatic patients. Material and Methods: The study included 35 psoriatic patients and 35 healthy age and sex matched controls. Both the groups were evaluated for serum lipid profile and HsCRP levels. Results: The study showed that there was a significant rise in the levels of hsCRP in patients of psoriasis as compared to the controls (p&lt;0.001) These psoriatic patients were also significantly dyslipidemic as compared to the controls. Conclusion: The study showed that psoriatic patients are more prone for atherosclerotic changes and CAD. Raised hsCRP can be considered as an added risk factor in Psoriatic patients with regard to coronary artery diseases. Special attention thus should be given if diagnosed earlier for lifestyle modification and exercise in these patients to minimize the atherosclerotic changes. Role of antioxidant supplementation needs further studies in patients of psoriasis.

Vitamin E ameliorates ox-LDL-induced foam cells formation through modulating the activities of oxidative stress-induced NF-κB pathway

The role of antioxidant supplementation with vitamin E in the prevention of atherosclerosis has been a topic of considerable recent interest. The relevance of vitamin E for macrophage-derived foam cell formation, a hallmark of atherosclerosis, however, has not been unequivocally resolved. Here, we investigated the effect of oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) and vitamin E on lipid accumulation and total cholesterol content in U937 macrophages, reactive oxygen species generation and expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway. The results showed that the mRNA expression and protein levels of P-selectin were evident in U937 macrophages treated with ox-LDL and vitamin E, which indicating that expression of P-selectin is important in macrophage-derived foam cell formation. Moreover, P-selectin changes in ox-LDL-induced foam cell formation can be mediated by vitamin E through activities of nuclear NF-κB activated by serine phosphorylation of NF-κB inhibitor α, suggesting that activation of NF-κB pathway by macrophages may occur. Taken together, these data suggested that vitamin E can prevent ox-LDL-induced foam cell macrophages formation through modulating the activities of oxidative stress-induced NF-κB pathway.

Testicular oxidative damage and role of combined antioxidant supplementation in experimental diabetic rats

The present study was designated to assess oxidative damage and its effect on germ cell apoptosis in testes of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The role of antioxidant supplementation with a mixture of vitamins E and C and alpha lipoic acid for protection against such damage was also evaluated. Forty-five adult male rats were randomly divided into three groups: groupI, control, non-diabetic rats; groupII, STZ-induced, untreated diabetic rats; groupIII, STZ-induced diabetic rats supplemented with a mixture of vitamins E and C and alpha lipoic acid. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA(1C)), glucose, and insulin levels were estimated in blood samples. Malondialdehyde (MDA), the activities of the enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and caspase-3 in addition to testosterone (T) level were all determined in testicular tissues. Histopathological studies using H&E stain, as well as, immunohistochemical detection of apoptosis using (TUNEL) method were also performed. Blood glucose and HbA(1c) were significantly increased while insulin was significantly decreased in STZ-induced diabetic rats as compared with controls. In rat testicular tissues, MDA, and caspase-3 activity were significantly elevated while SOD and GPx enzymatic activities as well as T level were significantly decreased in diabetic rats as compared with control group. Antioxidant supplementation to diabetic rats restored the testicular enzymatic activities of SOD and GPx to almost control levels, in addition, MDA and caspase-3 activity decrease while T increase significantly as compared with untreated diabetic group. Prominent reduction of germ cell apoptosis was found in diabetic rats supplemented with antioxidants. An important role of testicular oxidative damage and germ cell apoptosis in diabetes-induced infertility could be suggested, treatment with antioxidants has a protective effect by restoring SOD and GPx antioxidant enzymatic activity.

Role of Antioxidant Supplementation on Training-induced IL-6

Antioxidant supplementation has been shown to attenuate the acute exercise-induced increase in plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6). PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of antioxidants on the regulation of IL-6 expression in muscle and circulation in response to acute exercise before and after high-intensity endurance exercise training. METHODS: Twenty-one young healthy men were allocated into either an antioxidant (AO; vitamin C and E) or a placebo (PL) group. A 1h-acute bicycling exercise trial at 65% of maximal power output was performed before and after 12 weeks of progressive endurance exercise training. Blood samples and muscle biopsies were taken pre and immediately after cessation of exercise, and at 3h of recovery period. RESULTS: The acute exercise-induced plasma IL-6 increase was blunted after the training period in the PL group (P<0.05) but not in the AO group. Endurance exercise training lowered resting levels and attenuated the acute exercise-induced increase in muscle-IL-6 mRNA in both groups. There was an overall increase in skeletal muscle oxidative stress as evaluated by malondialdehyde (MDA) with training in the AO group compared with PL (P<0.05). This was accompanied by a general increase in skeletal muscle mRNA expression of antioxidative enzymes, including catalase (CAT), copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) and glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) mRNA expression in the AO group. However, skeletal muscle protein content of catalase, CuZnSOD, or GPX1 was not affected by training or supplementation. CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin C and E supplementation blunts the training-induced lowering of exercise-induced increase in plasma IL-6, possibly through increased oxidative stress in the trained state.

Antioxidants and Asthma

Asthma is a chronic, nonspecific lung disease that affects 15.7 million adults in the United States.1 Treatment typically focuses on removing potential allergens and prescription medications. Given the potential adverse effects of many medications, some patients explore the use of alternative treatments such as antioxidants. Research exploring the role of antioxidants in the prevention and management of chronic disease has dramatically increased in 30 years.2–5 Because asthma is an inflammatory disease that has been associated with oxidative stress,6 it is plausible to consider the role of antioxidant supplementation as an alternative treatment of asthma. This article addresses the case of an adult woman who tried antioxidants as adjunct therapy in the management of her asthma. The scientific relevance regarding antioxidant supplement use in asthma in adults is presented using an evidence-based approach.

A review of the methodology for assessing in vivo antioxidant capacity

AbstractOxidative stress and antioxidant deficiency have been implicated in the pathophysiology of a wide range of diseases and conditions. Consequently, over recent years many different supplementation trials have been implemented, aimed at improving clinical outcomes by boosting antioxidant levels. These trials have included supplementation with individual antioxidants, antioxidant combinations and antioxidant‐rich foods, such as fruit and vegetable juices and other plant extracts. To ensure data from these trials is interpreted correctly, it is essential that suitable biomarkers are used to assess changes in in vivo antioxidant activity resulting from supplementation. This review discusses methods for measuring antioxidant activity, including direct measurement of antioxidant concentrations and assays for measuring overall reducing capacity. Antioxidant activity can also be indirectly assessed by monitoring levels of oxidative stress. This review describes biomarkers that can be used to assess oxidative damage to lipids (including F2‐isoprostanes, malondialdehyde, 4‐hydroxy‐2‐nonenal, and the hydrocarbons, ethane and pentane), protein (including protein carbonyls and nitrotyrosine) and DNA (via 8‐hydroxydeoxyguanosine assay). Direct measurement of free radicals is also discussed. Useful information is provided for researchers planning animal and human intervention trials involving antioxidant‐rich foods or supplements, including plant extracts. The development and use of appropriate methodologies is essential if the role of antioxidant supplementation in various diseases and conditions is to be understood. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry

Antioxidant Supplements, Genetics and Chemotherapy Outcomes

Cancer patients report widespread use of antioxidant supplements during chemotherapy, despite recommendations by the American Institute for Cancer Research and others that supplements should not be used during treatment. These guidelines are based upon the fact that numerous chemotherapeutic agents, as well as radiation therapy, exert their cytotoxic effects by generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which cause massive damage to DNA and proteins and trigger apoptosis, resulting in tumor and normal cell death. Thus, there is the concern that antioxidants may block the ROS-generated effects of therapy on tumor cells. There are no data based on sound epidemiological or clinical studies to support this hypothesis, however. In fact, some experimental studies have shown that antioxidants may potentiate the effects of chemotherapeutic drugs, while also lessening treatment-related toxicities. In this report, we review the literature regarding chemotherapy and radiation therapy as sources of oxidative stress, and present the current data regarding effects of antioxidant supplement use on normal and cancer cells. The role of antioxidant supplements, as well as the role of genetic variants in oxidative stress genes, in relation to cancer treatment toxicities and survival are discussed. Keywords: antioxidant supplements, reactive oxygen species, polymorphisms, chemotherapy, toxicity, survival

Role Of Antioxidant Supplements On Inflammation Induced By A Low Carbohydrate, High Fat Diet

We previously observed an increase in systemic inflammation (C-reactive protein, CRP) in overweight individuals consuming a high fat, low carbohydrate, low antioxidant (HF) diet and a decrease in those consuming a low fat (LF) weight loss diet. PURPOSE To determine whether dietary antioxidants influence the inflammatory response to HF diet. METHODS Nineteen overweight subjects, BMI 34.06 ± 7.7 (SD), were provided with all food for a HF for 7 d (16 kcals/kg, 63% fat, 6% carbohydrate, and 31% protein). Half consumed an antioxidant supplement (AS), (1g Vitamin C, 800I.U. Vit. E) while the others a placebo (P). Serum inflammatory markers (Interleukin-6, IL-6; CRP) and glucose as well as a marker of oxidative stress (urinary 8-epi-prostaglandinF2α, 8-epi) were measured at baseline and on day 8. RESULTS Both groups lost a similar amount of weight (AS −3.0kg, P −3.6kg, p < 0.001). There was a 32% non-significant decrease in CRP for AS (2.63 ± 4.08 mg/L to 1.80 ± 1.77) and 50% increase for P (2.66 ± 1.55mg/L to 3.98 ± 3.43) after 7 days (p = 0.119 for group × time interaction). IL-6 tended to decrease 15% for both groups (p = 0.17) and glucose decreased 19% over time (p<0.001). There were no significant changes in 8-epi for either group. HF resulted in increased levels of inflammation (CRP) which was prevented if a dietary antioxidant was also consumed, suggesting that the inflammation was due to an oxidative stress mechanism. However, lack of change in the oxidative stress marker suggests more research, including additional measures of other markers, is required to prove this hypothesis. CONCLUSION The inflammatory response to a HF diet was not observed when the diet was supplemented with antioxidants.

Role Of Antioxidant Supplements On Inflammation Induced By A Low Carbohydrate, High Fat Diet

Role Of Antioxidant Supplements On Inflammation Induced By A Low Carbohydrate, High Fat Diet

The role of antioxidant supplementation in cardiac transplantation: An experimental study in rats

Background We investigated three antioxidants, inositol hexaphosphate (IP6), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT), using a Langendorf model of heart transplantation. Methods Rat hearts were mounted on a Langendorf perfusion apparatus with addition of IP6, SOD+CAT, IP6+SOD+CAT to St. Thomas Hospital solution (n = 6 for each) versus a control group (n = 6), not containing supplementation. Global ischemia was achieved for 6 hours. Results The worst peak-to-peak (PP) and +dp/dt maximum values were observed in the IP6+SOD+CAT group, the values being significantly lower than those in the SOD+CAT group. The lowest plasma creatine kinase (CK), CK-muscle-band (CK-MB), and lactate dehydrogenase levels were measured from the SOD+CAT group. The highest values for CK were in the control group, and those for CK-MB were in the IP6 group. The lowest myocardial malondialdehyde and adenosine triphosphate values were observed in the SOD+CAT group. Conclusions Supplementing St. Thomas Hospital solution with IP6 did not ameliorate myocardial damage following global ischemia. The contractility deteriorated further when IP6+SOD+CAT were used together; however, SOD+CAT improved cardiac mechanical functions, and significantly reduced myocardial damage.

Genoprotective role of vitamin E and selenium in rabbits anaesthetized with sevoflurane.

In this study, genotoxic effects of repeated sevoflurane anaesthesia were investigated in rabbits with or without antioxidant supplementation. Twenty-one New Zealand male rabbits were included in the study and randomized into three groups as: placebo treated (Group I), vitamin E supplemented (Group II) and selenium supplemented (Group III). Vitamin E and selenium were given intraperitoneally for 15 days before anaesthesia treatment. Anaesthesia was administered using 3% sevoflurane in 4 L/min oxygen for a 3-hour period and continued for 3 days. Blood samples were collected before anaesthesia (Sample 1), after the first, second and third days of sevoflurane administration (Sample 2, Sample 3 and Sample 4 respectively) and the last samples were taken 5 days after the last sevoflurane administration (Sample 5). Genotoxic damage was examined using the comet assay. The degree of damage is assessed by grading the cells into three categories of no migration (NM), low migration (LM) and high migration (HM) depending on the fraction of DNA pulled out into the tail under the influence of the electric field. The number of comets in each sample was calculated (1 x number of comets in category NM+2 x number of comets in category LM+3 x number of comets in category HM) and expressed as the total comet score (TCS), which summarizes the damage frequencies. In Group I, a significant increase in the mean TCSs was observed for Samples 3 and 4 as compared with Sample 1. However, there were no significant differences between Samples 1, 2 and 5. The mean TCS of Sample 4 was significantly higher than Sample 1, 2 and 3 in Group II. Group III demonstrated no significant mean TCSs for any experimental conditions. Statistical differences were also observed between the groups with significant P values. This experimental study points out the presence of DNA damage with repeated sevoflurane anaesthesia and the genoprotective role of antioxidant supplementation on DNA damage in mononuclear leukocytes of rabbits by highly sensitive comet assay.