Role In Rural Development Research Articles

Sustainable livelihoods through cashew cultivation: insights from smallholder farmers in the southern region of India

Cashew cultivation has emerged as an important agricultural activity in promoting sustainable livelihoods for smallholder farmers. The present study investigates the impacts of cashew cultivation on sustainable livelihoods of smallholder farmers in the Southern region of India, addressing a significant research gap in the understanding of how this crop affects various aspects of farmers' lives. Using a mixed-methods approach, the study reveals that, cashew farming significantly increases farmers’ income, leading to improvements in food security, education, social status, and standard of living. These findings contribute to new insights into the socio-economic and environmental dimensions of cashew cultivation, offering a holistic understanding of its role in rural development. Additionally, the study also emphasizes the need for government policies supporting smallholders in cashew farming, including training, access to quality seeds, and best agricultural practices. Social welfare initiatives and cooperatives can improve the overall well-being of cashew farming communities. Research and development should prioritize climate-resistant cashew varieties to address environmental challenges linked to cashew cultivation. The study’s results also provide a foundation for future research and policy formulation aimed at enhancing the practice of cashew farming for sustainable livelihoods.

Unveiling the impact of second homes on rural development: a scoping review

ABSTRACT To combat rural socio-economic decline, second-home development is seen as a strategy for fostering rural development and mitigating decline across several regions in the Nordic. This scoping review aims to identify key themes in the literature to explore the broader impact of second homes on rural development. A systematic search strategy identified 46 English-language peer-reviewed articles and chapters. The analysis identified four overarching themes: ‘Restructuring rural areas,” “Population distribution,” “Perceptions of rural development,” and “Second-home owners as stakeholders.” Additionally, variables affecting impact were identified, confirming the imperative for context-sensitive studies. The identified gap in understanding how second-home development affects local businesses and their innovative capabilities represents a paradox, given their crucial role in rural development. Addressing this gap requires integrating business-oriented perspectives, exploring themes such as knowledge transfer, linkages, sources for innovation, diversification, and barriers to business development. Recognizing the central role of the municipal level in rural development, this review calls for further research to elaborate on their multifaceted role. However, reliance solely on English-language peer-reviewed sources may overlook significant insights from non-English peer-reviewed literature and other types of literature, potentially limiting the scope of conclusions drawn.

Evaluating the impact of Zanjan city’s economic drivers on the quality of life in peri-urban villages: a case study of Do Asb and Payin Kouh villages

The interplay between urban centers and peri-urban villages plays a pivotal role in rural development, particularly in the economic dimension. Analyzing these relationships and their influence on the progress and prosperity of peri-urban villages, coupled with capacity building, empowerment, and the integration of urban-rural management, is essential to reduce disparities and promote spatial justice, aligning with the sustainable development of rural areas. This study aims to assess the effects of Zanjan city's economic drivers on the livability quality of Do Asb and Payin Kouh, two peri-urban villages situated in Zanjan city. Employing a descriptive-analytical and practical approach, the study's statistical population comprises the aforementioned villages in Zanjan city. A sample of 219 households was selected from among the sample population based on Cochran's formula. Data collection involved both library research and fieldwork, including the use of questionnaires. Descriptive and inferential statistics (multivariate regression) were employed for data analysis, along with descriptive statistics (averages) and geographic information systems to analyze land use changes. The research findings unveiled a robust correlation (0.87) between the quality of life in peri-urban villages and the economic drivers of Zanjan city. This indicates a significant and positive relationship between Zanjan city's economic drivers (independent variable) and the quality of life in peri-urban villages (dependent variable). Among the examined variables, communication flow for purchases, with a coefficient of 0.28, contributed most to the variance analysis of the quality of life in peri-urban villages. In contrast, the investment flow of urban residents in village economic activities and the flow of money exchange had relatively lower coefficients of 0.13 and 0.14, respectively. Thus, the research underscores the considerable impact of Zanjan's economic drivers on enhancing the quality of life in peri-urban villages and highlights the pivotal role of rural-urban links in fostering sustainable rural development.

Measuring the resilience of rural tourism in Indonesia using the Adjusted Mazziotta-Pareto index

Rural tourism plays a crucial role in rural development in Indonesia by providing employment opportunities, livelihood, infrastructure, cultural preservation, and environmental preservation. However, it is prone to external shocks such as natural disasters, public health events, and volatility in the national and global economy. This study measures the resilience of rural tourism to external shocks caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in 24 rural tourism destinations in Indonesia covering four years from 2019 to 2022. A synthetic composite index of the Adjusted Mazziotta-Pareto index (AMPI) is used to measure rural tourism resilience followed by clustering analysis to determine the typology of the resilience. The AMPI measure is also compared with the conventional Mazziotta-Pareto index (MPI) method. The resilience index is composed of capacity and performance components related to resilience. The results show that in the first year of COVID-19, most tourism villages in Indonesia were severely affected by the pandemic, yet they were able to recover afterward, as indicated by positive differences in the AMPI index before and after COVID-19. Thus, rural tourism villages in Indonesia have a strong capacity and performance to recover from pandemic shock. Lessons learned from this analysis can be applied to policies related to rural tourism resilience in developing countries.

A Bibliometric Review of Sustainable Agriculture in Rural Development

This bibliometric review investigates the scholarly landscape of sustainable agriculture in the context of rural development, spanning from 1986 to 2024. With a comprehensive analysis of 980 publications, the study examines key themes, influential works, and emerging trends in the field. Through bibliometric techniques such as co-citation analysis and network visualization, the research identifies clusters of research topics, including technological advancements, social dimensions, economic impacts, and environmental considerations. Notable contributions by influential authors are highlighted, shedding light on critical issues such as rural livelihoods, participatory approaches, and alternative food networks. Furthermore, the study provides insights into the evolution of research interests over time, revealing emerging areas for future exploration. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of sustainable agriculture's role in rural development and offer valuable insights for policymakers, practitioners, and researchers seeking to promote sustainable practices and enhance rural well-being.

AN ANALYTICAL RESEARCH STUDY OF REGIONAL RURAL BANK (RRB) AND ITS IMPACT ON RURAL ECONOMY

The Agricultural Banking is one of the important roles in rural development of our country and the village economic system is the spine of the Indian financial system. with out the development of the rural economy, the goal of economic planning cannot be performed. subsequently the nearby rural banks (RRBs) are performs a crucial role in the rural development for the economic system in India. The RRBs had been mounted on October 2, 1975, with the primary goal of a provisional credit score day-to-day rural folks who are not economically robust enough, especially the small farmers, artisans, agricultural people, and even small marketers. The prevailing have a look at is a modest every day rural credit score structure and the role played through RRBs in the improvement of rural economic system. the present research paper is designed in nature and makes use of secondary facts. The relevant secondary statistics have been amassed in particular through the articles, journals, books, and websites had been referred. This paper is daily take a look at the agricultural credit structure in RRBs of Pragathi Krishna Gramin bank. And this have a look at is centered simplest on the specific area like loans and advances made by using the RRBs for 3 years length of 2020-21 daily the 12 months 2021-22. KEYWORDS; A-Agriculture, B-Banking, E-Economic, P-Prevailling, A-Advances

Original

According to UNWTO 2012 (United Nation World Tourism Organization), “Tourism has a great potential to accelerate progress across the Sustainable Development Goals” (SDGs). In India, rural tourism is one of the modern and emerging concepts, gaining popularity for playing a significant role in rural development. This is an alternative livelihood through which local people are getting social, economic, and cultural benefits. And, the Ministry of Tourism is also focusing on creating rural tourism projects. At present, Govt. of India has 107 rural tourism projects in 29 States which is an initiative towards AtmaNirbhar Bharat and Sustainable Development in rural areas of India. Many goals of Sustainable Development are directly and indirectly related to the objectives of rural tourism and the Govt. of India wants to rejuvenate this to gain self-economic growth after the COVID-19 outbreak. So, this paper focused on how sustainable development goals like gender equality; decent work, economic growth, etc. are connected with rural tourism. This paper is based on content analysis techniques and secondary data like reports from the Ministry of Tourism, reports on evaluation cum impact study of rural tourism projects (2011), India Tourism Statistics (2022), National Sample Survey Office report, and National Tourism Policies, Internet and Mobile Association of India report on homestay. The paper provides an overview of the connection of rural tourism and SDGs and how it is helping to achieve some sustainable development goals in India.

Measuring Economic Resilience of Tourism Villages: A Spatiotemporal Analysis of Pre and Post-Covid-19 Pandemic

Tourist village plays an important role in rural development in Indonesia. Nevertheless, tourist village is also prone to external shocks such as national and global economic volatilities and recent public health events of the Covid-19 pandemic. This study attempts to analyze a temporal variations of tourist village economic resilience from pandemic shock in 24 tourist village destinations covering the period of 2019-2022 in Indonesia. A synthetic composite index of the Adjusted Mazziotta-Pareto Index (AMPI) was used to measure resilience, followed by clustering analysis to determine the typology of the resilience. The resilience index was composed of capacity and performance dimension related to resilience. The results show that most villages were severely affected in the first year of Covid-19, yet they recovered afterward, as indicated by positive differences in the AMPI index before and after Covid-19. This result shows that tourist villages in Indonesia have a tendency of strong capacity and performance to recover from the pandemic shock. The economic components of the capacity and performance were able to readjust after the pandemic indicating that these components are relatively adaptable to the shocks. The indicator that has the most significant influence on the typology of resilience in the performance dimension is the number of visitors. Meanwhile, the Development Village Index (DVI) indicator is the most significant influence on the capacity dimension.

Dacha as a social and economic phenomenon and its role in rural development in Russia

This article delves into the proliferation of dacha as a second / temporary country residence for urbanites in Russia. The phenomenon is viewed from a socio-cultural and economic perspective, uncovering the reasons behind their popularity among Russian city dwellers­. These reasons are related to the geographical, historical, and economic features of the nation as well as to the evolution of rural areas and agriculture across various zones. The article analyzes the diversity of second homes, their types, quantities as well as ­preferences and activities of dacha dwellers (dachniks), their socio-economic composition­ and the challenges they face, contingent on the geographic location of these estates and the demand for them among specific urban groups. It is found that the interaction ­between dachniks who come from urban centers, local communities, and rural economies, as well as the distinctive facets of dacha life, vary markedly depending on the natural and socio-economic conditions, which are largely shaped by the remoteness of a place from cities. Special emphasis is put on the distribution and distinctiveness of dachas in the Non-Black Earth zone regions of central Russia, where their prevalence and significance are especially pronounced.

Assessing the digital transformation in agri-food cooperatives and its determinants

The digital transformation (DT) of companies implies the emergence of new business models based on the widespread use of digital technologies. Digital transformation is necessary to improve efficiency, productivity, and market access in a context of increasing competition. In the case of the agri-food sector, DT is also required to address the challenges of food safety, food waste, and sustainability. This research aims to build a theoretical framework and a methodology to assess the global level of DT and its dimensions and factors that influence it in a specific type of agri-food company, namely agri-food cooperatives. These prominent social economy entities follow cooperative principles and play a significant role in rural development, especially in the most backward regions. An empirical analysis has been conducted to validate the methodology and meet the objectives. To this end, a Global Index of DT was built, and data was obtained from a survey of agri-food cooperatives in Andalusia, a southern Spanish region with a long-standing tradition of agri-food cooperatives, which also presents a low per-capita income in the European context. Empirical results effectively reveal that the proposed theoretical framework and methodology expediate the assessment of the global level of DT of agri-food cooperatives and the relevance of certain influential critical factors. In this way, relevant information for cooperatives and policy-makers can be collected to facilitate the implementation of DT.

Mapping the Inhibiting Factors of Women’s Role in Rural Development: A Case Study of Bejijong Village, East Java Province

SDGs Desa are the policy framework of village development and village community empowerment to achieve sustainable development goals in Indonesia. SDGs Desa in 2030 has one of the targets, which is to community in a fair position without discrimination against women in all aspects of life. In addition, equal opportunities are opened for women in public affairs. This can be achieved by the achievement of all indicators of SDGs Desa goal 5 ‘Involvement of Village Women’ based on the Ministry of Villages, Development of Disadvantaged Regions, and Transmigration of the Republic Indonesia. The involvement of women’s roles in village development is influenced by various things, one of which is a barrier. This is due to women’s responsibilities in carrying out domestic roles so that some of them have limitations to be actively involved in village development. Therefore, this research aims to identify inhibiting factors of women’s roles in development in Bejijong Village, Trowulan Sub-district, Mojokerto Regency, East Java Province. The research was conducted using a deductive qualitative method through field observations, interviews with stakeholders, and documentation. Stakeholders interviewed included government, village organizations, and non-governmental organizations. The results showed that there are inhibiting factors in the form of demands for domestic roles. Even so, village development activities involving the role of women continue because there are women in Bejijong Village who can overcome these inhibiting factors and are active in the public sphere. In overcoming these inhibiting factors, women are supported by family support and adequate facilities from the village government. Keywords: women’s role, rural development, sustainable development; inhibiting’s factors mapping, Bejijong Village, Mojokerto Regency.

Measuring the physical infrastructure development as poverty reduction program in Kalimantan, Indonesia

Infrastructure plays a vital role in rural development. There is frequently a disparity in infrastructure development between rural and urban areas in developing countries, including Indonesia. Thus, a comprehensive analysis of infrastructure development is required. This study seeks to evaluate the impact of infrastructure development in Kalimantan, Indonesia, using the Physical Infrastructure Index framework. Using principal component analysis, this study develops the Physical Infrastructure Index. Derived from the Village Potential Survey data, the data consists of 30 indicators organized into 7 dimensions. The findings from this research show a disparity in Physical Infrastructure Index between municipalities and districts. This reflects the fact that infrastructure development in Indonesia focuses more on municipalities than districts, which are geographically difficult to access. This disparity contributes to Indonesia's poverty dilemma. It has also been demonstrated that the development of infrastructure has an effect on poverty reduction, whether in regions or municipalities.

Adult education’s role in rural development and women’s empowerment in Tunisia and Hungary: exploring cross-regional collaboration, growth opportunities, and gender-inclusive strategies

The paper investigates the role of adult education in fostering rural development and women's empowerment, focusing on Tunisia as a representative country for the MENA region and Hungary, with a focus on cross-regional collaboration, growth opportunities, and gender-inclusive strategies. We utilized a mixed-method approach, combining quantitative data analysis of national education and socioeconomic indicators with qualitative case studies of adult education programs in both countries.

The Impact of the Primary Sector on GDP of Greece, An Econometric Approach

The agriculture sector has long been one of Greece's most important production sectors. Its significance is multifaceted, affecting both the economy and Greek society. Agriculture plays a critical role in rural development. Although the agricultural sector's involvement in the Greek economy has declined dramatically in recent years, it remains high when compared to other EU member states. This article investigates the relationship between Greece's GDP and the agricultural, industrial, and service sectors from 1996 to 2020, including the financial crisis and the pandemic COVID-19 era. In Greece, there is a negative association between GDP and agriculture, whereas industry and services appear to be positively related to the country's GDP.
 
 JEL Classifications: O12, O5, O5
 
 Key words: Primary Sector, GDP, Economic Growth

A Study on the Assignment of Government Schemes for the Rural people in Arisipalayam Village

Rural development has global attention majorly based on the developing nations and it has a great importance for a country like India. It focuses on the development of the farmers and in various section in rural economics. Rural economics experience serious poverty issues aim at developing the productivity of all the humans. It also admires the various issues of rural village economics that has a higher growth and improve in various fields. The Government of India has launched many of the schemes for the development of the rural sides. The rural people facing the major problems in not aware of what government has offering. They have lack of awareness in housing loans, absence of infrastructure in villages and also in towns connectivity by all-weather and also the absence of employment opportunities in villages.ATAL PENSION YOJANA (APY), GABIR KALYAN ROJGAR YOJANA, SVAMITVAYOJANA, PRADHAN MANTRI KISAN SAMMAN NIDHI, PRADHAN MANTRI GRAMIN AWAS YOJANA, DIGITAL INDIA, WORKING WOMENS HOSTEL. These schemes are playing major role in rural development of India. This study reveals the awareness level of all the rural village people and how they are utilizing the schemes offered by the Government

Factors Influencing Participation in Self-Managed Livestock Markets in Rural Communities in the Republic of Benin

Livestock in West Africa is an example of regional value chain development. It is essentially based on the trade in livestock between production areas and consumption centers. The livestock trade is an important economic activity in pastoral and agro-pastoral communities as it is their source of income. The livestock trade in these regions takes place at several sites, the best known of which are the livestock markets. Two different types of livestock market are investigated in this study. Self-managed livestock markets (Marché à Bétail Autogéré: MBA), are new models for marketing livestock in the Republic of Benin. Unlike traditional livestock markets (Marché à Bétail traditionnel: MT), MBAs offer several advantages to its participants by creating a platform where sellers and buyers can meet to trade without intermediaries. The absence of the intermediary system in the operation of MBA markets makes them different from MT markets. Because of their important role in rural development, MBAs have become the focus of policy makers and international development organizations. The purpose of this study was to analyse the factors that affect farmers' participation in MBA markets. The study used primary data collected from face-to-face surveys of a random sample of 300 livestock farmers consisting of 150 respondents from the MBA and 150 respondents from the MT. Descriptive statistics and Binary Logistic Regression were used to analyze the data. The results of the Logistic Regression Analysis revealed that access to market information, payment type, cooperative partnership, beef cattle herd size, sheep herd size, goat herd size and farmland ownership have significant positive effects on MBA market participation, while distance to market has significant negative effects on MBA market participation. Improving these factors could increase the participation of livestock farmers in the MBAs in the Republic of Benin. This would increase their income and improve their living conditions. Knowledge of the factors influencing participation in MBA markets would also help stakeholders and policy makers in their decision making.

Analysis of strengths and weaknesses of land reform farms of diverse farmers and uses in the Waterberg District, South Africa

In this study, we aimed to analyse the strengths and weaknesses of land reform (LR) farms (‘farm issues’) because the lack of understanding of these issues could partly be the cause of limited livelihood gains from these farms. Furthermore, the examination of these issues provided specific recommendations to each group of farms, which could improve LR farmers' livelihood gains. We investigated 50 LR farms in the Waterberg District Municipality (WDM), Limpopo Province, in South Africa. A survey was conducted, literature about the consequences of climate change and prospects for financial support from the state was reviewed, and a stakeholder workshop was organised. We used Fisher-Freeman-Halton exact test to analyse survey data and conducted strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) analysis to explore strategic issues. Farms were classified into 3 groups based on their SWOT issues: A-better-off farms dominated by extensive land uses (n = 22), B- better-off farms dominated by intensive land uses (n = 24), and C- poor farms dominated by either extensive or intensive uses (n = 4). Farmers' social class, conditions of farm physical capital endowment, and the characteristics of the land use activities determined the strengths and weaknesses of LR farms. Strengths of group A farms were good physical capital and less external financial support requirements, and weaknesses were that partnerships were unlikely and family labour was costly. The distinct strength of group B farms was that partnerships were likely, and their high need for external financial support was a distinct weakness. Group C farms had distinct strengths in that family labour was cheap, and insufficient physical capital was their weakness. Acknowledging the diversity in strengths and weaknesses of farms is essential for land reform to play a critical role in rural development. We envisage that financial support from the state, will yield improved production in poor farms. Private investors will yield high production in the better-off farms only if farmers adopt climate-smart agricultural practices.

Exploring the Resource Potential for the Development of Ecological Tourism in Rural Areas: the Case of Kazakhstan

Tourism can play an important role in rural development. Rural tourism can help diversify the rural economy, slow urbanization, and contribute to the economic viability and revitalization of these places. However, rural destinations need to audit the different resources they have to better understand what they can offer. Using the case of Kazakhstan, we adapt resource-based theory and use expert opinions and publicly available secondary data to assess the resource potential for the development of tourism in the rural areas of Kazakhstan. We use a range of methods such as descriptive analysis, cluster analysis, and correspondence analysis to show the resource potential of the 14 rural provinces in Kazakhstan in terms of transport infrastructure, housing & household amenities, communal services, natural & climatic, and cultural & historical resources. The findings reveal that rural Kazakhstan lags behind urban Kazakhstan in many indicators of socioeconomic development. However, experts agree that rural Kazakhstan is endowed with a multitude of natural, cultural, and historical resources. Investment in infrastructure in the areas of transportation, medical care, and communal amenities is needed so that the resources in these rural communities can be accessible for tourists. This type of analysis can be used in other emerging destinations to help them develop tourism and improve the lives of those in rural areas.

Integrated rural socio-economic vulnerability analysis in Lampung Province

One of the common characteristics of rural areas is their vulnerability to socio-economic and environmental shocks. Therefore, rural development policies should consider these features to take full advantage of the benefits of rural development. This study aims to develop a pastoral assessment based on the TOPSIS-Etropy-Inhomogeneity Method. This research was conducted in Lampung Province using data at the regency level. The data uses village data from the 2018 Village Potential Survey (PODES). The results show that rural areas' exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity factors play an essential role in rural development regarding vulnerability and resilience. Pesisir Barat, Mesuji, and Tulang Bawang Regencies are highly susceptible to low adaptation factors such as difficult access to health centers, inadequate credit facilities from the government, quiet village anticipation and mitigation, and a lack of security systems. The lowest vulnerabilities are in Tanggamus and North Lampung Regencies with common sensitivity factors, where people with malnutrition, persons with disabilities, households living in slums, and the habit of not using river water or the like for drinking or cooking have lower scores. In addition, other factors contribute to vulnerability, and these factors should be considered in rural development policies

Assessing Corruption in Agricultural Cooperatives: Differences in the Perceived Level of Corruption Using Microdata

Abstract The agricultural branch of the Portuguese cooperative sector assumes an important role in rural development and in the inter-cooperation with local, regional, national, and international structures. Given the principles and values that guide cooperatives, they have a greater responsibility in respecting the pillars of good governance such as transparency, integrity, and accountability. However, cooperatives may not be exempt from corruption. The objective of this paper is to assess farmers’ perception of corruption in the agricultural cooperative sector and to analyse if that level depends on their personal characteristics, on farm-specific characteristics, and the relations with the cooperative. With data collected through a survey, a logistic model was estimated to analyse the impact of personal characteristics of farmers and of their farms in the odd of score very high the level of corruption in the agriculture cooperative sector. Results suggest that farmers perceive high levels of corruption and that gender, age, turnover, and seniority as members of the cooperative are relevant predictors of the said level of corruption. These results raise awareness for the greater need of social accountability, more attention for management and supervisory bodies for the ethics of governance, as well as the need to implement internal control systems.