Role Of Procrastination Research Articles

Validation of vamping scale in Argentina: the role of procrastination and mobile phone use

ABSTRACT Technologies and social networks have modified the habits of their users, affecting their health and well-being. An exponent of these affectations of daily life is the phenomenon of vamping, this is the habit in which people use their mobile or computer during the night and early morning, with the consequence of symptoms such as insomnia, fatigue, and mood swings in those who practice it. In this paper, we propose a scale to assess the tendency to vamping in adults, for its validation in the Argentine context. With a sample of 1004 cases, whose mean age was 44.29 years (SD = 11.73) and a mean age of 18–65 years, with 51.89% (n = 521) being women and 48.11% men (n = 483). The scale showed an adequate consistency for 11 items and two dimensions. The first dimension is nocturnal habits, that is, the tendency to stay up late to surf the Internet and social networks, and the second dimension is behavioural commitment, that is, the affectation and daytime correlate caused by changes in sleep pattern.

The Role of Smartphone Addiction on Bed Procrastination and Mindful Eating Behavior in Adolescents

Excessive smartphone use causes the behavior of delaying bedtime and decreasing mindful eating in teenagers. The aim of this research is to find out and explain how much the risk of smartphone addiction plays a role in increasing bed procrastination behavior and decreasing mindful eating in adolescents. There were 192 participants involved in the research with the sampling technique used was convenience sampling. Participant characteristics include teenagers aged 18 – 21 years and have a cut off score for smartphone addiction. Each participant filled out the Smartphone Addiction Scale Short Version for Adolescents, Bedtime Procrastination Scale, and Mindful Eating Questionnaire questionnaires. Data were analyzed using a simple regression method. Based on the results of the regression test, it was found that the risk of smartphone addiction played a 6.1% role in increasing bed procrastination behavior and a 13.3% role in reducing mindful eating behavior. The results of this study also found other factors that play a role in procrastination behavior at bedtime and mindful eating in teenagers besides excessive smartphone use. Therefore, it is hoped that future research will be able to consider and look at other factors besides the risk of smartphone addiction that play a role in bed procrastination and mindful eating.

Self-esteem mediates the relationship between the parahippocampal gyrus and decisional procrastination at resting state.

When faced with a conflict or dilemma, we tend to postpone or even avoid making a decision. This phenomenon is known as decisional procrastination. Here, we investigated the neural correlates of this phenomenon, in particular the parahippocampal gyrus (PHG) that has previously been identified in procrastination studies. In this study, we applied an individual difference approach to evaluate participants' spontaneous neural activity in the PHG and their decisional procrastination levels, assessed outside the fMRI scanner. We discovered that the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) in the caudal PHG (cPHG) could predict participants' level of decisional procrastination, as measured by the avoidant decision-making style. Importantly, participants' self-esteem mediated the relationship between the cPHG and decisional procrastination, suggesting that individuals with higher levels of spontaneous activity in the cPHG are likely to have higher levels of self-esteem and thus be more likely to make decisions on time. In short, our study broadens the PHG's known role in procrastination by demonstrating its link with decisional procrastination and the mediating influence of self-esteem, underscoring the need for further exploration of this mediation mechanism.

Cannabis Use and Academic Performance in College Students: The Role of Procrastination.

The current study investigated procrastination as a potential moderator of the association between cannabis use and college grade point average (GPA). Participants: 220 college students (ages 18 - 24; 71.8% female) in the Northwestern U.S. who were registered for classes in Fall 2021. Demographic questions, substance use history, the Beck Anxiety Inventory, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale, and a Procrastination scale were completed via an online survey. Official term and cumulative GPA records were also collected. A regression model indicated that procrastination moderated the association between lifetime cannabis use and cumulative college GPA, whereas this moderation was not present when examining the relationship between past month cannabis use and term GPA. The current study identifies a putatively modifiable factor that may be related to academic performance for students who use cannabis. These results may help inform future interventions designed to help students using cannabis succeed academically.

Faktor-Faktor yang Berpengaruh terhadap Prokrastinasi Akademik: Studi pada Mahasiswa Perguruan Tinggi

For some students, academic procrastination is a challenge because it hinders the learning process. This phenomenon is certainly influenced by a number of complex variables. This study aims to determine the variables that cause students to commit academic procrastination. The research was conducted using a qualitative approach involving a literature review. The data collection method was carried out by searching for related literature on the internet. The results showed that internal and external factors significantly influenced students' procrastination behavior. Internal factors, including self-efficacy, self-control and self-regulation, motivation, and laziness, have an important role in procrastination. Meanwhile, external factors include distraction from the environment, the level of difficulty of the task, the time to submit the task, academic culture, and busyness outside campus activities.

Self-Regulation of Slippery Deadlines: The Role of Procrastination in Work Performance.

We investigated the causes and impact of procrastination on “slippery deadlines,” where the due date is ill-defined and can be autonomously extended, using the unique applied setting of grievance arbitration across two studies. In Study One, using 3 years of observed performance data derived from Canadian arbitration cases and a survey of leading arbitrators, we examined the effect of individual differences, self-regulatory skills, workloads and task characteristics on time delay. Observed delay here is a critical criterion, where justice is emphasized to be swift and sure. Multilevel Modeling established trait procrastination as a substantive predictor of observed delay, equivalent to the environmental contributors of expediting the arbitration procedure or grievance complexity. Also, despite substantive negative consequence of delay for both arbitrators and their clients, arbitrators who scored one standard deviation above the mean in procrastination took approximately 83 days to write their decisions compared to the 26 days for arbitrators one standard deviation below the mean. In Study Two, we conducted a replication and extension survey with a much larger group of American arbitrators. Consistent with Temporal Motivation Theory (TMT), trait procrastination was largely explained by expectancy, value, and sensitivity to time related traits and skills, which together accounted for majority of the variance in trait procrastination, leaving little left for other explanations. For example, perfectionism connection to procrastination appears to be distal, being largely mediated by each of TMT’s core variables. Finally, procrastination was largely synonymous with a deadline pacing style, indicating that observed delay can be used as a proxy for procrastination as long as little or no prior work was done (e.g., a u-shaped pacing style is not synonymous). In all, our results indicate that procrastination is rampant in the workplace and has seriously detrimental effects.

Neural basis underlying the association between expressive suppression and procrastination: The mediation role of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

Procrastination can lead to a variety of negative consequences, including poorer health conditions and more financial issues. Previous researches highlight that procrastination is a result of the failure of emotion-regulation. Although substantial studies have shown that emotion regulation plays an essential role in procrastination, little is known about the neural basis of the relationship between expressive suppression and procrastination. To address this question, we employed the voxel-based morphometry (VBM) method to investigate the neural basis underlying how expressive suppression links to procrastination across two independent samples (sample1, N = 98). Expressive suppression was significantly negatively associated with procrastination. Furthermore, VBM results indicated that expressive suppression was positively correlated with gray matter (GM) volumes of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC). More importantly, the GM volumes in dlPFC mediated the relationship between expressive suppression and procrastination, which was further replicated in an independent sample (sample 2, N = 110). These findings suggest that dlPFC, which plays a crucial role in inhibitory control, may be the key brain region mediating the relation between expressive suppression and procrastination. The current work provides a new perspective to understand how emotion regulation in terms of expressive suppression plays a role in procrastination.

The Role of Procrastination and Locus of Control in School Achievement

Numerous studies are focused on discovering the factors involved in achieving school success or failure. Among the recognized factors are certainly the locus of control and procrastination. Research has shown that procrastination and locus of control are important indicators of school behavior, attitudes toward obligations, and indicators of school success (Sakač 2008; Košanski 2004). Therefore, this paper sought to determine the extent to which they play an important role in school success. The increasing interest in examining school success lies in being assessed as a significant factor in a child’s life. Its significance influences the development of self-confidence, satisfaction, success, and motivation. Within the research framework, school success was determined by school achievement at the end of the school year. The survey was conducted on 100 respondents of elementary school students, a sample is appropriate. During this research, the relationships between these variables were analyzed, the Anova procedure was used to analyze the data. The obtained results showed that procrastination and locus of control within this sample did not prove to be significant factors of school success.

Perfectionism and alcohol-related problems: The role of procrastination

Objective: College drinking is a significant individual and societal problem, and thus, identifying risk factors to alcohol-related problems has been an important line of inquiry. Adding to this rich literature, the current study examined whether perfectionism dimensions were associated with alcohol-related problems and whether a poor self-regulation process linked these associations. Participants: A total of 410 university students completed measures pertaining to perfectionism, procrastination, and negative consequences of alcohol use. Methods: Parallel mediation models were tested. Results: There was support for an indirect effect in the association between perfectionistic concerns and alcohol-related problems through susceptibility to temptation but not through pure procrastination or irrational procrastination. Perfectionistic strivings dimension was not associated with alcohol-related problems and this relation was not mediated by any procrastination dimensions. Conclusions: Building internal resources to better resist immediately gratifying yet long-run detrimental behavioral habits is important, especially so for highly self-critical students.

The role of procrastination in students’ consumer behavior

PurposeThis research paper is devoted to the academic procrastination, and the purpose of this paper is to reveal the role of academic procrastination in the consumer behavior of students.Design/methodology/approachThe study was conducted within the framework of a mixed methodology: series of semi-structured interviews and an online survey. In the first stage, 20 interviews were conducted with students from different countries to obtain the broader picture for the academic procrastination process and its association with consumer behavior. In the second stage, an online survey was conducted, in which 336 students from different countries participated. This paper describes existing approaches to understanding and measuring academic procrastination, as well as its role in the economic behavior of individuals.FindingsAs a result of the qualitative stage, the role of procrastination in such aspects of consumer behavior as budget planning and inclination to making unplanned purchases was emphasized. The role of the student’s inner circle in his procrastination and consumer behavior was also highlighted. As a result of the quantitative stage, a significant connection between the level of academic procrastination and the above aspects of consumer behavior of students, as well as a significant contribution of social expectations in the change of procrastination level and impulsivity of consumption was revealed.Originality/valueThis study is the first attempt to describe procrastination within the macro-approach of sociology and to confirm at the empirical level the correlation between procrastination and consumer behavior.

The neural substrates of procrastination: A voxel-based morphometry study

Procrastination is a pervasive phenomenon across different cultures and brings about lots of serious consequences, including performance, subjective well-being, and even public policy. However, little is known about the neural substrates of procrastination. In order to shed light upon this question, we investigated the neuroanatomical substrates of procrastination across two independent samples using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) method. The whole-brain analysis showed procrastination was positively correlated with the graymatter (GM) volume of clusters in the parahippocampal gyrus (PHG) and the orbital frontal cortex (OFC), while negatively correlated with the GM volume of clusters in the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and the middle frontal gyrus (MFG) in sample one (151 participants). We further conducted a verification procedure on another sample (108 participants) using region-of-interest analysis to examine the reliability of these results. Results showed procrastination can be predicted by the GM volume of the OFC and the MFG. The present findings suggest that the MFG and OFC, which are the key regions of self-control and emotion regulation, may play an important role in procrastination.

Achievement motivation and positive mental health among college students: mediating role of procrastination

Objective To explore the relationship between achievement motivation, procrastination and positive mental health of college students. Methods A total of 348 students completed a survey that included Achievement Motivation Scale (AMS), General Procrastination Scale (GPS) and Mental Health Continuum Short Form (MHC-SF). Results (1) The average scores of achievement motivation, procrastination and positive mental health in college students were 3.61±12.05, 56.48±10.62 and 3.46±0.82 respectively.The proportion of flourishing student was accounted for 53.16%, 44.83% for the moderately mentally healthy and 2.01% for the languishing.(2) College students' achievement motivation was positively correlated with positive mental health (r=0.399, P<0.01), achievement motivation was negatively correlated with procrastination (r=-0.388, P<0.01) and procrastination was negatively correlated with positive mental health (r=-0.267, P<0.01). (3) Procrastination had a partial mediating effect between achievement motivation and positive mental health, and the proportion of mediating effect in total effect was 12.75%.In three dimensions of positive mental health, procrastination also had partial mediating effect between achievement motivation and psychological well-being and emotional well-being respectively, the proportion of mediating effect in total effect were 15.71% and 20.63% respectively.But the mediating effect between achievement motivation and social well-being was not significant. Conclusion College students with higher achievement motivation have higher positive mental health, but the procrastination has indirect negative effect between the two variables, which leads to the negative effect of emotional and psychological well-being in the positive mental health condition. Key words: College students; Achievement motivation; Positive mental health; Procrastination

Genetic and Environmental Associations Between Procrastination and Internalizing/Externalizing Psychopathology.

Recent work on procrastination has begun to unravel the genetic and environmental correlates of this problematic behavior. However, little is known about how strongly procrastination is associated with internalizing and externalizing psychopathology, and the extent to which shared genetic/environmental factors or relevant personality constructs (e.g., fear of failure, impulsivity, and neuroticism) can inform the structure of these associations. The current study examined data from 764 young adult twins who completed questionnaires assessing procrastination and personality and structured interviews regarding psychopathology symptoms. Results indicated that procrastination was positively correlated with both internalizing and externalizing latent variables, and that these correlations were driven by shared genetic influences. Moreover, the association between procrastination and internalizing was accounted for by fear of failure and neuroticism, whereas the association between procrastination and externalizing was primarily explained by impulsivity. The role of procrastination in psychopathology is discussed using a framework that highlights common and broadband-specific variance.

Psychological Mindedness and Procrastination among University Students

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between psychological mindedness and procrastination among university students and to determine gender differences in psychological mindedness and procrastination. The sample consisted of 200 university students (100 male and 100 female) aged 18 to 25 years from different faculties of Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi. Psychological mindedness scale (PMS) by Conte et al., (1986) and Tuckman procrastination scale by Tuckman (1991) along with personal data sheet were used to assess the level of psychological mindedness and procrastination among university students. Psychological mindedness is the ability to psychological understanding of the self and other’s behaviour, thought and feelings. It is openness to new ideas whereas procrastination is known as the irrational tendency of delaying the tasks until an individual experiences discomfort (Solomon &amp; Rothblum 1984). Results showed that there were no significant gender differences in psychological mindedness and procrastination. Correlational analysis indicated that the psychological mindedness was significantly negatively correlated with the level of procrastination; i.e., the higher the level of psychological mindedness the lower the level of procrastination. Thus, it can be concluded that psychological mindedness play an important role in procrastination among university students. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.

A Metacognitive model of procrastination

Backgroundprocrastination refers to the delay or postponement of task or decision-making initiation or completion and is often conceptualised as a failure of self-regulation. Recent research has suggested that metacognitions play a role in procrastination and that unintentional procrastination (UP), as opposed to intentional procrastination (IP), may be the most problematic form of this behaviour. We aimed to test a metacognitive model of procrastination that was grounded in the Self-Regulatory Executive Function model. Methodsa convenience sample of 400 participants were recruited and completed (at least partially) a battery of online questionnaires that measured IP and UP, metacognitions about procrastination, depression, and Cognitive Attentional Syndrome (CAS) configurations. Initially, we tested series of hypotheses to establish the relationships between the experimental variables and to test whether CAS configurations would independently predict UP when controlling for age, depression, IP, metacognitions about procrastination, and whether an individual reported that they had been diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder. ResultsCAS configurations, depression, and metacognitions independently predicted UP. Additionally, path analysis revealed that the study data was an excellent fit to the proposed metacognitive model of procrastination. Limitationsthe study is cross-sectional. Conclusionsthe metacognitive model of procrastination presented in this paper can be used to generate novel interventions to treat this problematic behaviour.

Procrastination, self-regulation failure, academic life satisfaction, and affective well-being: underregulation or misregulation form

The aim of this study was to examine the role of self-regulation failure in procrastination. In addition, it also aimed to investigate the effects of procrastination on affective well-being and academic life satisfaction. Three hundred and twenty-eight undergraduate students participated in the study. The most obvious finding emerging from this study is that the absence or lack of self-regulation skills, as an indicator of underregulation, plays a significant role in procrastination among college students. Whether procrastination is an underregulation or misregulation form of self-regulation failure, it has a negative impact on students’ affective well-being. The contribution and implications of these findings were discussed in detail.

The relation between procrastination and symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in undergraduate students.

Procrastination is defined as the tendency to delay activities that have to be completed before a deadline. It is often part of psychotherapies for adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, procrastination is officially not acknowledged as an ADHD-related symptom. Therefore, little is known about the role of procrastination in ADHD. We investigated the relation between procrastination and ADHD-related symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity in 54 students with varying levels of self-reported ADHD-related behaviours. Various measures of procrastination were used, including questionnaires of academic, general procrastination and susceptibility to temptation as well as direct observation of academic procrastination while solving math problems. We expected a positive relation between severity of ADHD-related behaviours and procrastination, specifically for impulsivity. However, partial correlations (corrected for the other symptom domain of ADHD) indicated that only inattention was correlated with general procrastination. This specific and preliminary finding can stimulate future research in individuals diagnosed with ADHD.

Procrastination and Self-Regulatory Failure: An Introduction to the Special Issue

As a preface to the papers in this special issue on the role of procrastination in maladjustment, we provide an overview of the topics covered. To our knowledge, this is the first special issue that focuses specifically on the role of this form of self-regulatory failure in understanding maladjustment. We begin with a discussion of the complex array of motivational, affective, cognitive, and behavioural factors that operate in chronic procrastination. These complexities are illustrated with case studies that highlight the role of negative self-views and associated deficits in self-regulation. Themes explored in the papers include the role of cognitive factors in dysfunctional beliefs and automatic thoughts in procrastination, as well as the role of procrastination and deficits in self-regulation related to stress, psychological distress, and physical illness. Another key theme addressed is the usefulness of REBT and cognitive techniques such as mindfulness training in reducing the tendency to procrastinate.

It’s too difficult! Frustration intolerance beliefs and procrastination

Beliefs regarding intolerance of frustration are central to the theory of Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT) and are hypothesised as playing an important role in procrastination. However, there is evidence that frustration intolerance may involve several dimensions. To investigate the relative contribution of these dimensions, a multidimensional measure of frustration intolerance beliefs was employed in a student sample ( n = 86). The Frustration-Discomfort Scale included four sub-scales: discomfort intolerance, emotional intolerance, achievement frustration, and entitlement. Since REBT distinguishes frustration intolerance beliefs from those relating to self-worth, this was separately assessed using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Results indicated that self-esteem, the discomfort intolerance and emotional intolerance sub-scales were correlated with the severity of procrastination. However, only discomfort intolerance and self-esteem remained unique predictors in a regression analysis. The emotional intolerance and achievement frustration sub-scales were correlated with lower procrastination frequency. The research supported the validity of the Frustration-Discomfort Scale and the usefulness of distinguishing self-esteem from frustration intolerance as well as between the dimensions of frustration intolerance.

On the Role of Procrastination in Machine Learning

The traditional model of inductive inference is enhanced to allow learning machines to procrastinate about how many trials they will need to complete an inference or about how accurate their solution will be. Hierarchies of classes of learnable phenomena (represented by sets of recursive functions) isomorphic to the structure of the constructive ordinals are revealed. The existence of such hierarchies indicates a potential advantage of procrastination as a learning technique. Tradeoffs between the two types of procrastination are shown not to exist in general. One of the new classes of sets of inferrible functions introduced in this paper turns out to have the somewhat unusual property of being closed under finite unions. A new technique, based on a hardest to lear set (relative to a class), is used.