Role Of Multinational Corporations Research Articles

INVESTMENT PROCESSES IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBALIZATION AND ECONOMIC INTEGRATION

This article explores the intricate dynamics of investment processes within the framework of globalization and economic integration. It examines the influences of increased capital flows, regulatory convergence, technological transfer, and the impact on labor markets. The article also addresses the challenges faced by economies, including vulnerability to economic shocks and potential social backlashesagainst uneven benefits distribution. The role of multinational corporations and the growing importance of Environmental and Social Governance (ESG) in investment decisions are highlighted as key factors shaping the future of global investments.

Embracing Eco-Digitalization and Green Finance Policies for Sustainable Environment: Do the Engagements of Multinational Corporations Make or Mar the Target for Selected MENA Countries?

It is an undeniable fact that the digital economy and green financing are persistently gaining global attention as effective tools for achieving rapid economic growth and development. However, the environmental effects of these indicators are just evolving, leaving the research community with insufficient policies for harnessing the much-anticipated sustainability agenda. Hence, this research provides the first empirical evidence of the impacts of eco-digitalization and green financing on the sustainable environment in selected Middle East and North African countries from 1995 to 2019. The empirical model considers the roles of multinational corporations, renewable and nonrenewable energy, economic growth, and population growth as covariates models based on the STIRPAT framework. The stated hypotheses are verified based on Cross-Sectionally Augmented Mean Group, Mean Group, Common Correlated Mean Group, and Panel Quantile Regression. Findings show that from eco-digitalization, green financing, and renewable energy drive sustainable environment agenda. On the flip side, nonrenewable energy, economic growth, and population growth largely deter delivering on the blueprint. The estimated results are corroborated by findings from panel quantiles regression. Furthermore, the panel causality uncovers the existence of bidirectional and unidirectional causality in the estimated model. Policy insights that support the pathways toward sustainability in MENA economies are suggested based on the findings.

Multinational corporations in the economies of developing countries: global trends and domestic realities

The role of multinational corporations in the economy of developing countries is a very important topic for research, as they have a significant impact on the development of industry, trade and other areas of the economy of these countries. Access to markets, lower production costs, and experience in local markets are just some of the advantages that multinational corporations use when they engage in international trade. They are setting up manufacturing facilities in different countries to take advantage of these benefits. First of all, MNCs can create new jobs in developing countries, which can have a positive effect on reducing unemployment and raising the standard of living of local residents. In addition, corporations can make a significant contribution to the development of infrastructure and technology in these countries, which can also stimulate the development of other sectors of the economy. However, some critics point to the negative impact of MNCs on developing countries. One of the most common criteria is that MNCs can exploit the local workforce, working with low wages and poor working conditions, which violates workers' rights and lowers their social status. In addition, MNCs can have a monopolistic influence on the market, reducing competition and influencing the prices of goods and services. The article is devoted to the determination of global trends in the activities of multinational corporations, focusing on such aspects as international trade and foreign direct investment. It is justified that multinational corporations are becoming more and more active in conducting international trade, locating production and serving markets in different countries. For developing countries, attracting foreign investment is a key component of economic prosperity and their integration into global value chains. Therefore, although transnational corporations can have a positive impact on the economy of developing countries, it is necessary to pay attention to their actions and influence on the social and economic development of these countries, which is what led to the study of this issue. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research was the work of domestic and foreign scientists. The results were obtained due to the application of a system of methods: the method of logical analysis made it possible to develop the logic of the research; deductions – to identify individual factors affecting the activity of MNCs; generalization and synthesis – to determine global trends in the functioning of MNCs in developing countries. The graphic method made it possible to visualize the obtained research results.

The Productivity–Real Wage Nexus in Emerging European Economies: Evidence from Poland

ABSTRACT We investigate the nature of the wage–productivity nexus in Poland, considering the validity of the alternative theories of this relationship in the context of a recent hypothesis pointing to the role of multinational corporations (MNCs) in decoupling productivity from wages. Using spatial and nonspatial dynamic panel models, we find indirect support for this hypothesis. Sectors with the highest presence of MNCs tend to have higher labor productivity but lower wages. Unlike productivity, wages are also subject to stronger spatial spillovers, suggesting that they are sometimes set based on their geographic proximity, rather than on workers’ productivity. The policy implications of the findings are discussed.

Incorporating SDG 8 for Decent Work Practices: A study of MNC Subsidiaries in India

The objective of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG 8) in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable development is to attain economic prosperity through Decent Work across the member nations of the United Nations. In order to achieve this goal in the next 10 years it is the responsibility of the Governments across the globe to work for its attainment by leveraging through its business houses and corporates at large. The target for decent work for all includes equal opportunities and equal pay for all that leads to economic development. India has already started working on the target by implementing various schemes attached to SDG 8 and to supplement it through organisations across the country that are including these SDG targets into their strategic goals and mission and vision statements up to a large extent. The current study delves into the role of Multi-National corporations (MNCs) operating out of India in incorporating workforce diversity, equal opportunity and inclusive growth of its employees by providing a decent work environment. The study focuses on 9 MNCs having headquarters in the United States of America and Europe and operating as subsidiaries in Delhi, NCR. The data was collected through secondary sources like websites, HR manuals and Annual reports. The data was qualitatively analysed and presented in the form of small cases for each MNC. These business conglomerates operate through best practices and policies. These practices are disseminated through Human Resource department that acts as a backbone for the MNCs. The study reveals that workforce diversity is prevalent in these MNCs and equal opportunity is also practiced. The implications of the current study are that other private and public enterprises or start-ups can take learning from these MNCs that form a benchmark for implementing workforce diversity in their operations. This will lead to achieving not only business goals but also help in building better economy for the country.

ЗАКОРДОННИЙ ДОСВІД ВИКОРИСТАННЯ АУТСОРСИНГУ

The article examines the foreign experience of the outsourcing process. The analysis of outsourcing development in such countries as: USA, Germany, India, Japan, etc. is carried out. Outsourcing has become widespread due to the development of information systems and technologies. The role of multinational corporations in the development of outsourcing, primarily information technology, is determined and it is noted that American companies use outsourcing as a component of management strategy. Corporations such as Ford, British Petroleum, Procter & Gamble, Dell, Exel and others, due to the use of outsourcing have achieved high economic results: increased profits by almost half by reducing organizational and production costs, improving the overall efficiency of their companies, reengineering. Experts note that today the leader in international outsourcing is India, which accounts for 42.5% of IT outsourcing worldwide. The foundations of India's successful development in the field of information technology outsourcing are the support of the state, whose government since 1970-1980 identified IT as a priority for economic development and created export-production zones with preferential tax regimes. A significant share of the outsourcing market belongs to China, as well as Singapore, the Philippines and Malaysia. These countries have a developed infrastructure and a high-tech culture that ensures high quality order fulfillment. Vietnam and Indonesia also have a significant impact on the global outsourcing market, primarily due to more attractive pricing policies. The impact of outsourcing on the economies of countries is noted. The ranking of countries by the degree of development and implementation of outsourcing is studied. According to the ranking, the top 10 countries in the outsourcing market include India, China, Malaysia, Indonesia, Brazil, Vietnam, the Philippines, Thailand, Chile and Colombia. It is worth noting that the leaders of the ranking are the countries of South and Southeast Asia, as well as Latin America. The factors of outsourcing development in the global economy are determined and the influence of human resources on the development of outsourcing in different countries is analyzed. The ways of state support for the development of outsourcing in the countries of the world are determined. In Germany, the High Technology Development Strategy was adopted last year, the main priorities of which are: innovative solutions in the field of digital technologies. The Brazilian government has adopted a new National Strategy for the Development of Science, Technology and Innovation, which aims to reduce the technological gap between Brazil and developed countries. The article also notes that the Ukrainian IT outsourcing industry is actively gaining ground in the global market. The rapid growth of IT outsourcing is due to the prospects, prestige and dynamism of the IT sector in Ukraine.

A Study on the Role of Multinational Corporation in the Indian Economy

A Study on the Role of Multinational Corporation in the Indian Economy

The Production and Marketing of Mineral Water in 21st Century Spain

Since the end of the last century, Spain has become a country of reference in the European Union due to its volume of bottled mineral water. This study aims to analyze the evolution of the key aspects of this sector over the last two decades. Through this research, it has been verified that (i) Spanish mineral water has been analyzed for a long time from a medicinal and geochemical point of view, and not so much in commercial analysis; (ii) water has great diversity due to the abundance of hydrogeological domains that this country offers; (iii) a very strict legal framework must be complied for its commercialization; (iv) its consumption has been growing; and (v) the business structure is characterized by the predominance of a small group of companies, with a very important role in multinational corporations. Three nature reserves: Montseny, Sierra Nevada, and Guadarrama Mountains, stand out from the rest of the Spanish territory in terms of catchment and packaging of natural mineral water, which is an increasingly strategic resource.

Трудова міграція в Закарпатті (на основі опитування студентів)

The article is devoted to the research and analysis of the migratory moods of students of higher education institutions during studies as an important factor of their life prospects. In recent years, Central and Eastern Europe has been experiencing particularly acute problem of labor migration processes that are going in one direction. Young working population is leaving the country and is not coming back. It should be noted that such a vector of economic migration is always directed from the periphery towards the center, and from developing to more economically developed countries. At present, there is an intensification of migration processes in the world, and these processes increasingly involve the population with high level of human capital (people with university and post-university education). In the scientific literature, this process is referred to as "elite migration" and implies mass migration of highly skilled professionals, which is associated with an increase in the role of multinational corporations and, consequently, a decrease in the role of the national economy in the global economy.Countries that are interested in "brain gain" and know their economic cost are pursuing an active and purposeful migration policy to attract highly qualified specialists from developing countries. The purpose of the article is to carry of the migratory moods of higher education institutions in Central and Eastern Europe as an important factor of their life prospects. Because of the special political, social and economic situation in Ukraine caused by the conflicts in the Eastern regions of the country and the economic crisis the study puts more emphasis on Ukraine. According to expert estimates, migration of individuals with high level of social capital is determined not only by social and economic problems that are characteristic of countries in a transitional economy, but also by political and sometimes cultural factors. Often, the migration of the social elite is a response to the systemic crisis that these countries are experiencing in the process of democratic formation. Facade democratic regime, the general inefficiency of the economy, the decline in the level of culture and education in society, as well as the lack of clear prospects, all become push-factors that determine the departure of such individuals. We characterized the migratory moods in the context of possible emigration, identified and compared the prerequisites and motives of the students‟ paid and volunteer work, as well as found the connection between the students' field of study and their type of work. Based on the results of the research, we can state that the respondents' professional plans are directed towards external labor migration, which will negatively affect the economic development of the regions due to the loss of promising workforce.

The Role of Multinational Corporations in the European Union

Organizations such as multinational corporations are the most important form of business globally. The defining role on the world economy could be seen at the onset of the financial crisis of 2008, but also in the recent events related to the Covid-19 pandemic, when corporations transformed their production lines to respond to the need for protective equipment for the frontline workers in the health system, but also for the broader population. Through Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), multinational corporations make a positive impact on economies around the world. In addition to contributing to the local development of areas where they setup subsidiaries, multinational corporations are a form of integration of a local economy into the global economy. In the Romanian economy, multinational corporations play a decisive role, representing the companies with the highest turnover, but also the most desired employers for those looking for a job.

The role of multinational corporations in local dairy value chain development: case of Friesland Campina WAMCO (FCW) in Nigeria

Nigeria is arguably the largest importer of dairy products in Africa. Available statistics shows that up to 98% of the total dairy products consumed in the country are imported; and that about 75% of the entire dairy market is controlled by FrieslandCampina WAMCO (FCW). The purpose of this study is to examine the basis for the prevailing import orientation in the dairy industry since 1973. Is the orientation traceable to operations of multinational companies or the institutional and governance challenges in the country? Using triangulated data collected from FCW official reports and other relevant sources, and a content analytical technique, the study finds that the problem in the industry is multifaceted. Central to the challenges are persistent institutional and infrastructural defects, as well as faulty integration designs adopted by FCW. Based on this, the paper recommends that reversing the current trend requires government’s policies that dis-incentivizes importation. However, such policies can work only when the right atmosphere for cattle farming and local dairy production is put in place.

China’s Public Diplomacy Through the Utilization of Investment and Censorship in Hollywood (2012 – 2016)

The conduct of traditional public diplomacy was merely concerned on the engagement of state actors. Not to mention, diplomatic communication is only occurred between the government officials by intention to earned political changes in targeted countries. Recently, public diplomacy is mainly focused on the positive reputation building in the other country and is conducted through political and economic cooperation among two countries or more, by involving the non-state actors also. Starting from its economic reforms initiative, China is engaged in international trade and successfully became one of global economic powers. By its rapid raise, China is feared to be a national threat to other countries, be it politically, economically, or even for the national security. Even more, the Western media often portrays China’s image in a negative light. Hence, in improving its global image, China expands its global outreach by establishing cooperation with the United States film industry, Hollywood, that strengthen by the 2012’s Memorandum of Understanding upon film industry, also by implementing Chinese censorship policy, where negative portrayals of China is prohibited. The conduct of censorship itself would be supervised under state-ruled agency, the SAPPRFT, and is supported by the involvement of Chinese multinational companies investors. Through this research study, the effort of China’s public diplomacy on the utilization of Hollywood as the United States film industry would be proven through new public diplomacy theory. Further, the role of multinational corporations will be assessed due to its essential contribution in enhancing Chinese censorship in Hollywood films for its global release.

Potential and recognized boundary spanners in multinational corporations

Boundary spanners play an important role in multinational corporations (MNC), yet it is unclear who these valuable individuals are and why certain individuals, and not others, perform this role. We advance a ‘recognition’ perspective based on whether and how relevant others on both sides on the boundary experience positive impact. A dynamic integrated mixed method analysis of 118 individuals involved in headquarters-subsidiary interactions in four MNCs, shows that only a minority are ‘recognized boundary spanners’, experienced by others to positively impact intergroup relations. We identify different categories and mechanisms of recognition, and make a methodological contribution by integrating qualitative and quantitative analysis.

Home Exposure of European Firms: The Role of Multinational Corporations

This paper analyzes the exposure towards the home-specific factor (home exposure) of 4,153 firms from fifteen European countries. Especially, we investigate whether multinational (MNC) differ from national companies (NC). Therefore, we sort the firms that exist during the time period from January 2001 to December 2017 into MNCs and NCs based on their foreign sales ratio. We find that MNCs yield, on average, a higher home exposure than NC firms. Moreover, the home-specific factor has a higher relative importance for MNCs’ returns than for NCs. Hence, the returns of MNCs are closer linked to the home-specific factor than the returns of the NC firms. However, the relation between the firms’ home exposure and the foreign sales ratio is not linear. In addition, we analyze the difference in risk between MNCs and NCs and find a somewhat higher average total risk for MNCs within their home countries. However, the differences seem to be driven by unlike sector compositions of the groups of MNCs and NCs within the countries. Based on excess returns as well as on fourfactor alphas, MNCs outperform, on average, NC firms.

Review HR Perspective toward the Role of Multinational Corporations (MNCs) in Thailand

The study is using a qualitative strategy to describe the HR perspective towards the Role of Multinational Corporations (MNCs) in Thailand by using the pervious instrumental study review. Then, the data was classified into three parts: Part I: MNCs in developing countries; Part II: Overview the context of Thailand; Part III: Review the Role of MNCs in Thailand from the HR Perspective. As Thailand is a developing country which takes into account of globalization activities, hence, MNCs play an important role to enhance the level of economic growth. The developing countries must improve their infrastructure and skilled workers to be reach the competitive advantage among region and attractive to foreign direct investments. The result of the study showed the characteristics in social context in Thailand, how the beliefs of Thai society impact ethical behavior, attitude in business and implications of HR practices. Thai political context is identified the situation of replacement employees. The study describe that the qualification require has go to foreigners rather than Thai workers. Thai labor laws has identified the inequality of Social Security Circumstances between private sector, agricultural workers, and public employees. and the role of MNCs in Thailand from the HR perspective. It shows that HRD systems must be able to enhance and build a quality program to put people to work.

Language Management in International Business: The Role of Multinational Corporations

The present paper examines how multinational corporations (MNCs) act as language managers when handling linguistic diversity in the workforce, e.g. by implementing corporate language policies. As t...

The Interplay of Expatriates’ Psychological and Social Capital for Knowledge Transfer

Expatriate managers are recognised as fundamentally important stakeholders in the process of transferring knowledge between headquarters and subsidiaries in multinational corporations (MNCs). This paper’s goal is to determine how expatriates’ personal capital (i.e. positive psychological capital and social capital) facilitates conventional and reverse knowledge transfer where there are language, cultural and geographical differences between headquarters and subsidiaries. A qualitative multiple case study approach was used to analyse the data, obtained by in-depth interviews with expatriates and managers from three MNCs. The findings suggest that psychological capital supports knowledge transfers in MNCs in two ways: first, directly and, second, through the creation of expatriates’ social capital. This study shows that positive psychological capital dimensions of expatriates (efficacy, resilience and optimism) represent individual level antecedents of knowledge transfer between HQ and subsidiaries, thereby contributing to the literature on expatriates’ boundary spanning role in MNCs. The results also indicate that psychological capital dimensions support creation of structural and relational dimensions of social capital, further enhancing knowledge transfer in MNCs, thereby advancing the literature on the role of expatriates’ social capital in knowledge flows. By observing the relationships in different subsidiary types, this study also provides valuable implications for international knowledge management. DOI: 10.15458/85451.65

The Role of Multinational Corporations in the Supply of Agricultural Production Technology to China & India

Policy makers in Asia have long struggled with the challenge of how to access agricultural technology from multinational corporations (MNCs)while protecting their farmers and food and input industries from excess market power. This paper describes the pathways by which farmers can access technology and research capacity from foreign firms. Then it examines some of the policies that India and Chinese governments have used to encourage access. The recent history of research and technology transfer to these countries is reviewed to do a preliminary assessment of how these policies work. India has had a much more liberal policy on foreign investment in recent years which resulted in more access to MNC research and technology. So far, however, there are no studies that show this policy led to higher benefits to farmers or lower costs of transferring technology. Studies of benefits and costs of these policies could be very useful to Indian and Chinese policy makers.

The Role of Multinational Corporations in the Supply of Agricultural Production Technology China & India

The Role of Multinational Corporations in the Supply of Agricultural Production Technology China & India

Towards a new consumer rights paradigm: Elevating consumer rights to human rights in South Africa

Despite the increasing number of countries that have enshrined consumer rights as fundamental human rights in their constitutions, opinions remain divided on the legitimacy of recognising consumer rights as human rights. The view against accepting consumer rights as human rights is similar to that which questions the appropriateness of the economic, social and cultural rights contained in the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) as human rights. Yet, we have witnessed a surge in ratification of the ICESCR – precisely because of increasing recognition that socio-economic vulnerability is a scourge that must be excised in order to ensure human wellbeing. The same concern impels imbuing consumer rights with the status and imprimatur of human rights. In light of the complexities of products and services brought about by advancement in technology, globalisation, increasing roles of multinational corporations in trade and, particularly, information deficit on the part of the consumer, there is indeed a need to integrate basic consumer rights into human rights, nationally and internationally. My central argument in this article is that although the Bill of Rights in the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 does not explicitly mention consumer rights, some of the Fundamental Consumer Rights contained in the Consumer Protection Act 2008 could be viewed as an extension of the Bill of Rights in the marketplace and should be so recognised.