Role Of Food Technology Research Articles

CLARIFICATION TREATMENTS OF PINEAPPLE (Malus domestica) AND ORANGE (Citrus sinensis) JUICES BY PECTINASE FROM Yarrowia lipolytica STRAINS IDENTIFIED FROM COCOA JUICE IN FERMENTATION

Background: Pectinases are a group of enzymes that break down pectin, a polysaccharide that is found in plant cell walls. Today, the application of pectinolytic enzymes plays an important role in food technology for the maceration of fruits and vegetables, including for the extraction and clarification of juice.
 Aim of the Study: This study aimed to test the clarifying ability of pectinase of three Yarrowia lipolytica strains (Tias J0-6; YA J3-1; Buy J2-1) identified for cocoa juice in fermentation.
 Materials and Methods: The pectinase from Yarrowia lipolytica strains (Tias J0-6; YA J3-1; Buy J2-1) were produced using a basic liquid medium and partially purified through ion exchange chromatography. The fruit juices were clarified by enzymatic treatments against a control (free enzymatic treatment juice) and physicochemical and phytochemical parameters and antioxidant activities of the clarified juices were determined.
 Results: The results revealed that from three strains, Tias J0-6 strain produced pectinase which showed the best clarification activity on pineapple and orange juices. The juices clarified exhibited an increasing of clarity values and decreasing viscosity and pH values. Thus, pectinase of Tias J0-6 allowed increasing clarity to 41.81% and 7.27%, to decrease viscosity up to 14.03% and 6.55% respectively for pineapple juices and orange juices clarified. The pH values decreased from 4.036±00 to 4.031±00 and from 5.010±00 to 4.592±00 respectively for orange and pineapple juices. The antioxidant activities of juices clarified were strongly correlated to total tannins and total flavonoids (r = 0.717, r = 0.754, r = 0.855).
 Conclusion: Tias J0-6 strain seemed a suitable candidate to biotechnology applications such as fruit juices clarification.

Framing the futures of animal-free dairy: Using focus groups to explore early-adopter perceptions of the precision fermentation process.

This paper reports on the findings from a series of virtual focus groups that explored consumer perceptions of animal-free dairy (AFD), an emerging type of animal product alternative produced using the tools of synthetic biology and precision fermentation. Focus group participants came from an international sample of potential “early adopters.” To stimulate conversation, participants were presented with a series of visual “moodboards” that framed key arguments both in favor of and in opposition to AFD. Three primary thematic clusters emerged from the discussion. The first focused on issues of “process, safety, and regulation,” centered on the general reaction of participants to the concept of AFD, their primary concerns, key questions, and the assurances they would need in order to support its advancement. The second focused on issues of “consumer preferences and priorities,” highlighted by the often complicated, and sometimes outright contradictory, stated consumer interests of the participants. The third focused on issues of “food technology and the future,” wherein participants expressed broader views on the role of food technology in society, generally speaking, and the potential futures of AFD, specifically. The general consensus among participants was a cautious openness to the idea of AFD. Outright opposition to the concept was rare, but so too was unabashed enthusiasm. Instead, respondents had a number of questions about the nature of the technological process, its overall safety and regulatory standards, its potential contributions to individual health and climate change mitigation, as well as its organoleptic qualities and price to consumers. Among the positive frames, claims about animal welfare were deemed the most pertinent and convincing. Among the negative frames, concerns about messing with nature and creating potential health risks to individuals were seen as the strongest arguments against AFD. The findings suggest that the key to AFD's future as a viable market option will depend in large part on the extent to which it can clearly demonstrate that it is preferable to conventional dairy or its plant-based competitors, particularly in the arena of taste, but also across considerations of health and safety, nutrition, environmental effects, and animal well-being.

Treatments and uses of Moringa oleifera seeds in human nutrition: A review.

This work reviews treatments and uses of Moringa oleifera seeds in human nutrition. Moringa oleifera seeds are considerable sources of proteins (mean 19%) and lipids (mean 31%). Previous reports presented the nutritional properties of the seeds and oil. Moringa seeds are sources of lipids, and their removal leads to Moringa seed flour with a high protein content which might play a role in food technology and human nutrition. Moringa oil has been tested in frying and was found to be more stable than groundnut oil; its incorporation in groundnut at level lower than 10% improved on the acceptability of chips. Several treatments like roasting, germination, and boiling have been applied to Moringa seeds to produce flour with improved nutritional properties. In particular, defatted Moringa flour has been applied in different formulations including cakes, cookies, burgers, infant porridges. Generally, the products deriving from the flour were more stable in conservation and well accepted for low substitution while high substitution increased the bitterness. Notwithstanding their high content in protein and oil, defatted M. oleifera seed flour and oil are still fairly investigated in order to envisage their integration in the food habits of people. The present wrote up reviews the treatments applied on M. oleifera seeds and applications of the defatted M. oleifera flour and oil in food systems for human nutrition.

Pectinase Production and Clarification Treatments of Apple <i> (Malus Domestica)</i> Juice

Pectinases are a group of an enzyme that break down pectin, a polysaccharide that is found in plant cell walls. Today, the application of pectinolytic enzymes plays an important role in food technology for the maceration of fruits and vegetables, including for the extraction and clarification of juice. This research aimed to produce pectinase enzyme for clarifying of apple juice. A microbial culture was selected from cocoa bean fermentation samples and identified as Bacillus sp.. The highest enzyme activity was investigated after 48 hours of incubation. Citrus pectin as the carbon source and peptone as the nitrogen source was found as the best component for pectinase production. The optimum condition of pectinase activity was observed at pH 5, temperature 40 °C and the crude enzyme had the higher activity at one hour storage. Apple juice was treated with the enzyme at different concentrations (0%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 4%). Apple juice clarification was evaluated for its percent clarity and viscosity. The result showed that enzyme treatment at 4% in apple juice promoted juice clarification and decreased pH and viscosity. In conclusion, the quality of apple juice can be improved by enzymatic treatment using pectinase.

Pectinase Production and Clarification Treatments of Apple (Malus Domestica) Juice

Pectinases are a group of an enzyme that break down pectin, a polysaccharide that is found in plant cell walls. Today, the application of pectinolytic enzymes plays an important role in food technology for the maceration of fruits and vegetables, including for the extraction and clarification of juice. This research aimed to produce pectinase enzyme for clarifying of apple juice. A microbial culture was selected from cocoa bean fermentation samples and identified as Bacillus sp.. The highest enzyme activity was investigated after 48 hours of incubation. Citrus pectin as the carbon source and peptone as the nitrogen source was found as the best component for pectinase production. The optimum condition of pectinase activity was observed at pH 5, temperature 40 °C and the crude enzyme had the higher activity at one hour storage. Apple juice was treated with the enzyme at different concentrations (0%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 4%). Apple juice clarification was evaluated for its percent clarity and viscosity. The result showed that enzyme treatment at 4% in apple juice promoted juice clarification and decreased pH and viscosity. In conclusion, the quality of apple juice can be improved by enzymatic treatment using pectinase.

La termodinámica: una herramienta para el análisis en química de alimentos

<p>La termodinámica es una ciencia básica que formula las reglas para la conversión de la materia y la energía de una forma a otra. Ella impone los límites físicos para el desarrollo y la evolución en el mundo. Los parámetros termodinámicos son importantes en el procesamiento y estabilidad del alimento. La similaridad termodinámica de los alimentos se fundamenta en diversos factores. El primero, es la función de almacenamiento fisiológico común de los más importantes componentes de las materias primas alimentarias. Segundo, es el carácter general de las interacciones intermoleculares no-específicas de las macromoléculas alimentarias. Tercero, es el mimetismo de los biopolímeros que se fundamenta en las propiedades físico-químicas muy similares de las especies de biopolímeros. La incompatibilidad termodinámica es típica en macromoléculas alimentarias. Luego, el enfoque termodinámico es altamente promisorio para el modelamiento y análisis de alimentos. Además, el equilibrio de fases juega un papel muy importante en la tecnología de alimentos. En la presente contribución, se analiza el punto de vista termodinámico en la química de alimentos. Así, el enfoque termodinámico, es central en este análisis. Se encontró que los carbohidratos y las proteínas son las moléculas más estudiadas, seguidas por el agua. En Europa, en particular Suiza, es donde más se realiza investigación en el área y donde hay contribuciones individuales destacadas. El interés por investigar en termodinámica aplicada a los alimentos, es creciente.</p><p> </p>

Synergized Antimicrobial Activity of Eugenol Incorporated Polyhydroxybutyrate Films Against Food Spoilage Microorganisms in Conjunction with Pediocin

Biopolymers and biopreservatives produced by microorganisms play an essential role in food technology. Polyhydroxyalkanoates and bacteriocins produced by bacteria are promising components to safeguard the environment and for food preservation applications. Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB)-based antimicrobial films were prepared incorporating eugenol, from 10 to 200 μg/g of PHB. The films were evaluated for antimicrobial activity against foodborne pathogens, spoilage bacteria, and fungi such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Bacillus cereus, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium sp., and Rhizopus sp. The synergistic antimicrobial activity of the films in the presence of crude pediocin was also investigated. The broth system containing pediocin (soluble form) as well as antimicrobial PHB film demonstrated an extended lag phase and a significant growth reduction at the end of 24 h against the bacteria. Crude pediocin alone could not elicit antifungal activity, while inhibition of growth and sporulation were observed in the presence of antimicrobial PHB film containing eugenol (80 μg/g) until 7 days in the case of molds, i.e., A. niger, A. flavus, Penicillium sp., and Rhizopus sp. in potato dextrose broth. In the present study, we identified that use of pediocin containing broth in conjunction with eugenol incorporated PHB film could function in synergized form, providing effective hurdle toward food contaminating microorganisms. Furthermore, tensile strength, percent crystallinity, melting point, percent elongation to break, glass transition temperature, and seal strength of the PHB film with and without eugenol incorporation were investigated. The migration of eugenol on exposure to different liquid food simulants was also analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The study is expected to provide applications for pediocin in conjunction with eugenol containing PHB film to enhance the shelf life of foods in the food industry.

The Future of Food: Scenarios for 2050

ABSTRACTThis background article addresses key challenges of adequately feeding a population of 9 billion by 2050, while preserving the agro‐ecosystems from which other services are also expected. One of the scenario‐buildings uses the Agrimonde platform, which considers the following steps: choosing the scenarios and their underlying building principles, developing quantitative scenarios, and building complete scenarios by combining quantitative scenarios with qualitative hypotheses. These scenarios consider how food issues link to production, for example, the percentage of animal vs. vegetal calorie intake in the full diet. The first section of this article discusses Agrimonde GO and Agrimonde 1 scenarios, which indicate that global economic growth and ecological intensification remain as main challenges for feeding the earth's growing population toward the mid‐21st century. The second section provides the outcomes of the analysis of alternative futures for agricultural supply and demand and food security to 2050, based on research done for the International Assessment of Agricultural Science and Technology for Development. The last section of this article provides a summary analysis of food systems and functions, as well as the role of food technology that address some of the global challenges affecting the supply of more nutritious and healthy diets. It also highlights the food production by novel means (e.g., alternatives for animal products based on plant materials) and increasing the presence of potentially health‐promoting compounds in food to improve human and animal health. Finally, this article proposes priority areas that should be included in further agri‐food research.

The Nutritional Enhancement of Plant Foods in Europe ‘NEODIET’

The NEODIET concerted action, funded under the EU FAIR programme, has focussed for the past two years on evaluating the strategies for the improvement of the nutritional quality of plant foods. These strategies involve the enhancement of key metabolites through the application of conventional plant breeding and genetic engineering, as well as the application of newer approaches to food processing. This paper focuses on the benefits of improving the nutritional quality of plants by the enhancement of the beneficial phytochemicals directly in the plant rather than by the addition of essential nutrients to processed foods as has been conventionally undertaken. Examples of the disadvantages of fortifying plant foods are given. The role of food technology in improving the bioavailability of some nutritional constituents, and thereby improving the overall quality of the food, is illustrated with reference to the carotenoids. The importance of structure of the plant metabolite in determining nutritional quality is also illustrated with reference to the effects of structure on the bioavailability and biological effectiveness of plant flavonoids.

Phase equilibria for food product and process design

Phase equilibria play a very important role in food technology. Most foods are multiphase dispersions either structured by nature (e.g., plant or animal tissues) or by man. Sensory properties are strongly dependent on the micro structure and how this breaks down during mastication. Flavor perception, particularly aroma, is governed by the way aroma molecules are distributed over various phases. Many food manufacturing processes aim to create desired microstructures where crystals (ice, fat), droplets (oil, aqueous solutions of biopolymers), air bubbles form phase separated networks with soft solid properties or other rheological characteristics essential to the food product. Other processes aim at concentrating or separating volatile aroma compounds from raw materials for later use in final product manufacture. In this presentation we will discuss some examples where phase behavior plays a key role to obtain quality food products: solid/liquid phase equilibria of triglycerides; controlled microstructure formation in aqueous mixed biopolymer systems; liquid crystalline phases as microstructure forming agents; aroma retention/release from food products. In each example, we will try to show the importance of phase equilibrium thermodynamics and to indicate challenges for research.