Rocky Sand Research Articles

Multichannel Sandstone Thin Sections Identification Based on Improved DeepLab V3 Plus Neural Network.

As an unconventional natural gas resource, tight sandstone gas is primarily stored in the minuscule pores between rocky sand grains. A thorough understanding of the pore structure characteristics of tight sandstone reservoirs is essential for formulating an extraction plan and enhancing the efficiency of gas field development. The pore structure and mineral composition in the sandstone can be directly observed by thin sections. Nevertheless, previous approaches for the automated identification of sandstone thin sections exhibit certain limitations including slow identification, low accuracy, and challenges in the recognition of particle sizes. To achieve more accurate and convenient mineral component identification, this study introduces a multichannel identification method built upon the enhanced DeepLab V3 Plus model. Initially, all 224 × 224 × 3 cross-polarized light (CPL) and orthogonal polarized light (XPL) sandstone thin sections were amalgamated into 224 × 224 × 6 multichannel (six channels) images. Subsequently, multiple networks were employed to train the three polarized data sets, and the optimal semantic segmentation architecture and data set were selected through filtering. Following that, embedding the attention mechanism into the semantic segmentation network enhanced the identification accuracy. Ultimately, mineral sizes were calculated to enable more precise classification and naming of sandstone thin sections. The results show that the new method outperforms in terms of recognition accuracy, achieving 89.8% for Mean PA and 81.2% for Mean IOU. The novel approach's enhanced level of detailing enables more precise identification of mineral composition and pore structure, a crucial aspect in evaluating reservoirs and predicting oil and gas production. It can also provide new insights into identifying and categorizing other thin sections with similar compositions.

Diversity and abundance of sea cucumber (Holothuroidea) resources in the Waters of Duroa Island, Tual City, Maluku, Indonesia

Abstract. Kalidi NS, Muskananfola MR, Suryanti S. 2023. Diversity and abundance of sea cucumber (Holothuroidea) resources in the Waters of Duroa Island, Tual City, Maluku, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 6002-6009. The people of Duroa Island, Tual City, Indonesia, have been utilizing sea cucumber resources continuously without considering its impact on ecological factors and sustainability. Formulating management initiatives is one possible solution to sustain the stock. However, it is hampered by the lack of information on its current status. This study aims to assess the abundance and diversity as well as the condition of the aquatic environment. In the observation 9 sea cucumbers were found from Holothuria, Bohadschia, Actinopyga, Stichopus, and Thelenota genera. The density of sea cucumber was highest at station 4 (0.417 ind/m²), and lowest at station 1 (0.083 ind/m²). Holothuria edulis dominated the sea cucumber community at a density of (0.450 ind/m2). Habitat characteristics of sea cucumber observation stations on Duroa Island are dominated by seagrass, rocky sand, rough sand, and sand. Ecological indices such as diversity are classified as moderate, high uniformity, and low dominance. All observation stations have water quality that is still in the optimal range according to water quality standards for marine biota, except at station 1 because the station has a pH value below the national quality standard of <6.5.

KEANEKARAGAMAN KELAS BIVALVIA DI PANTAI CIBUAYA UJUNG GENTENG

Cibuaya Beach is one of the beaches in Ujung Genteng Village that is used as a tourist destination because the beach is still very clean and natural. Cibuaya Beach has large beach sand grains and is dominated by mollusk shell fragments. The intertidal zone is the zone bounded by the tidal line and is the narrowest of the marine zones. The coastal ecosystem of Cibuaya Beach consists of coral reefs, seagrasses, and coastal vegetation. This study aims to determine the diversity of Bivalves in Cibuaya Beach Ujung Genteng. This research was conducted at Cibuaya Beach Ujung Genteng in March-April 2022. Determination of the research location using the belt transect method by purposive sampling at three stations namely rocky sand (station 1), seagrass (station 2), and coral reef (station 3). The results obtained were 148 individuals with 11 Bivalve species comprising six families. The value of the diversity index (H') ranged from 1.58-1.99 classified as medium. The value of the evenness index (E) ranges from 0.83-0.88 classified as high. The dominance index value (D) ranges from 0.18-0.24 which is low. The measurement results of abiotic parameters, namely temperature, pH, salinity, humidity, current speed, and light intensity show good values for marine bivalve life. Therefore, the Cibuaya Beach intertidal ecosystem is suitable for the life of the Bivalve class.

Mangrove Community Structure in Papuan Small Islands, Case Study in Biak Regency

Mangrove plays the importance of roles for the small island sustainability, both physically and ecologically. In the high-risk Pacific Ocean’s islands, small islands in Biak face typhoons, earthquakes, high waves, and tsunami effects. The study was conducted at 100 10mx10m-quadratic-plots scattered on seven small islands in Biak-Numfor Regency. Research objectives were to investigate the mangrove community structure of each island, i.e., canopy coverage, density, and morphological size, and to analyze the correlation among those parameters. The result found that mangrove was in pristine condition, large individual size with low anthropogenic threats. They were covered by a medium and dense canopy from 61.32±3.04% in Pasi to 93.88±0.14% in Meos Mangguandi. Substrate significantly influenced the level of canopy coverage and the MDS ordination of species composition. Sonneratia alba tended to be dominant in rocky sand in Pasi, Owi, Padaidori, and Wundi, while Ceriops and Rhizophora were mostly occupied the muddy sand, or Bruguiera gymnorrhiza has the highest domination in sandy mud substrate in Auki, Pai, and Meos. The canopy coverage had a significant correlation only with total density but none with the others. The height of the tree (up to 21.2 m) was found highly related to the diameter size (max: 124 cm).

Distribusi dan Preferensi Habitat Udang Air Tawar Caridina ensifera Schenkel, 1902 pada Dua Inlet Danau Poso, Sulawesi Tengah

The distribution and habitat preference of freshwater shrimps Caridina ensifera Schenkel, 1902 on two inlets of Lake Poso, Central Sulawesi have been studied. Freshwater shrimps samples was collected in two streams, namely the Pomua Palandu Stream and Toinasa Stream. The sampling station on each streams is divided into three locations based on the distance of the stream flow from its mouth at Lake Poso. Sampling is done by purposive sampling method using the tray net tool. The obtained samples were preserved using 96% alcohol and than identification was carried out at the Laboratory of Animal Biosystematic and evolution, Department of Biology, Tadulako University. The results showed that Caridina ensifera was only distributed in the lower reaches of the Pomua Palandu Stream and Toinasa Stream, having habitat preferences between plant roots that dangled into the water with rocky sand and sand substrates and very slow current speeds. According to von Rintelen and Cai (2009) Caridina ensifera is distributed in Lake Poso.

Through a Stereoscopic Viewer: Transient Moments in Remembered Thyme

From the emulsion of images taken yesterday, we develop our engagement in time today—the then that is always changing into now. Weathered shutters close together. Driftwood shifts on rocky sand. Sedges grow among the seashells. Grasses ground a concert band. Seen through the sights of a stereoscopic viewer, the author uses both her word and image to travel through presents in retaken pasts—portals into the practice of her language arts classroom life. The thought of a carousel going round, turns writing into other ways for words to resound. The recollection of sepia on a rooftop at night changes voice into variegations of color and light. It is in these moments of remembered scenes that the author reconsiders what her teaching means.Keywords: writing; photographic inquiry; poetic inquiry; English Language Arts

Building the Cheapest Sandbox: an Allegory with Spinoff

The department secretary hands me a telephoned message from Rocky's Sand and Gravel. need a rectangular-based box that will hold of sand when filled level. The width must be half the length, and the box is to be open at the top. Material for the base of the box costs $4 per square foot while the material for the sides and ends costs $3 per square foot. Can you give me the dimensions of the minimum-cost box? Thanks. (signed) Rocky. It's the day before Easter recess, so hardly anyone has come to my calculus class. The four attending students and I agree to make a field trip to Rocky's Sand and Gravel. Rocky invites us inside his tiny office, graciously proffering coffee and cookies (sand tarts, naturally). We begin to show him how to formulate his problem using L, W, and H for the length, width, and height in feet. We draw a box and observe that the area of the base will be LW square feet. There are four other pieces: two ends each with area HW square feet and the two longer sides with areas HL square feet. Incorporating costs, we get the objective function: Cost in dollars = C = 4LW + 3(2 HW + 2 HL) =4LW+6H(L+ W). After Rocky informs us that three yards means 81 cubic feet, we write down the constraints: LWH=81 and W=0.5L. Substitution gives the cost as a function of length alone:

Facing East Near Big Sur

FACING EAST NEAR BIG SUR / David Groff The cliffs behind us and their great drop, The sky an even medicinal blue and, just below it, The noise of the largest ocean— I can tell by the twitch in your smile how edgy The edge makes you, here where all we can do is Admit how small we are in scale, admire The coast and maybe wade past it, Or sit in the rocky sand below the railroad That cuts this beach north-south, and finally Lean back and fall asleep in an outsized landscape Under a close sun. Maybe life in fact if not in deed Lasts longer here, thanks to the beauty That may in fact rub off on us, making the dull Progress of the body primary, the sun Another name for a kind of contentment; But instead of all that, I'm thinking, lover, of the waves Who swept across the continent to break And pool at the bottom of these bluffs, Their adrenelin still furious, but no new land out there. I'm thinking how, for now, we need to keep the ocean At our backs and revisit the china closets, the transcendental Writing desks abandoned on the frozen Handcart Trail, Back along the route they took before; and if the thrill Of unfamiliarity is gone from the Rockies and the corn Looks like corn, if we're part of the ebb, so be it, because We're grown-ups now, on personal land— Because I've seen your uncertain specific face Bit by soot and aged, it has the lovely feel of home. We choose a city we read in our own grained faces And find on the corner a hundred peddlers occupied— A life we inhabit like the fourteenth building on this site, 14 · The Missouri Review Its terraces more dangerous than cliffs. And always just beyond us, keeping us awake, Almost visible at the end Or the start of the line (depending on how we see) Is the smaller cool Atlantic, looking forward to us. David Groß The Missouri Review ¦ 15 ...