Robust Key Generation Research Articles

A Combined Sudoku and Synthetic Colour Image Techniques for Cryptographic Key Generation

The exchange of sensitive digital information has increased significantly in the last decade due to the internet’s growth and availability. More robust encryption techniques were introduced to secure the data-in-transit and data-at-rest. The strength of these encryption algorithms depends on the keys. Keys are generated using Pseudorandom Number Generators (PRNG). The key generation algorithm defines these PRNGs. Although there are many robust key generation algorithms, there is a demand for new key generation algorithms to break hackers’ experience and knowledge. This paper proposed a new key generation algorithm using value generated from sudoku matrices and synthetic color image. 8 × 8 sudoku matrices are generated randomly for each session. These sudoku matrices are solved using backtracking and recursive programming. The solved sudoku matrices are used to extract bits from pixels of the synthetic color image. The extracted bits are then combined to form a key. Further, randomness in the key is tested using the NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology).

PPG-KeyGen: Using Photoplethysmogram for Key Generation in Wearable Devices

Abstract In this paper, two different photoplethysmogram (PPG) based cryptographic key generation approaches are proposed. The goal is to improve the security of Body Area Networks (BAN) through robust key generation where keys are generated in a plug-n-play manner without requiring key pre-distribution solutions. The Inter-beat Interval (IBI) feature of PPG underlays both of the proposed approaches. The first approach is realized by using Galois linear feedback shift register and consecutive IBI sequences. An IBI is measured from two consecutive peak points of an individual’s PPG signal where they are the tallest and most conspicuous peaks in a PPG signal. The second approach is realized by utilizing the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm and IBI as the seed generator for the AES algorithm. The efficiency of the proposed approaches is evaluated using real PPG signals obtained from the PPG-DaLiA dataset of University of California, Irvine. The security analyses of the generated keys are carried out in terms of randomness, distinctiveness, and temporal variance as well as using the NIST benchmark. The analyses show that our key generation approaches provide a better randomness level in comparison to existing approaches relying only on singleton IBI sequences. In addition, our calculations reveal that the average Hamming Distance (HD) between the cryptographic keys generated from PPG signal of two different subjects using the IBI, IBI-Galois, and IBI-AES approaches are: 47.56%, 48.34%, and 49.67%, respectively. Also, our experiments show that the average HD between the cryptographic keys which are generated via PPG signal of the same subject at different time intervals are 47.18%, 48.73%, and 49.51%, respectively.

Robust Key Generation based Secured Auditing Protocol for Cloud Storage Environment

Robust Key Generation based Secured Auditing Protocol for Cloud Storage Environment

A Secure Crypto Base Authentication and Communication Suite in Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) for IoT Applications

To monitor the functions of human body and their surroundings Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) is used, which are based on low powered and light weight wireless sensors devices. WBAN highly supports numerous applications but this study will focus on the security of ubiquitous healthcare applications. In E-health research monitoring the critical data in terms of security has become a major challenge as WBAN deals with various threats day by day. Therefore the design of secure and reasonably resource optimal algorithms with a robust key generation and management scheme is today’s need. There must be only authorized user’s who can have access to patient related data; otherwise it can be exploited by anyone. This proposed study is aiming to formulate the two security suite for WBAN, which comprises on KBS keys, KAISC and Hash algorithm three improved versions of key management procedures and authentication procedure respectively. Firstly the KBS Keys and improved Hashing suite which is an independent and adaptive key management and authentication scheme for improving the security of WBANs will be used, and secondly KAISC will be used for inter-sensor communication and key management security scheme. All above mentioned procedures will be suitably blend with the encryption and decryption process which will securely send the patient’s critical data to the base station and further to the concerned doctor. The novelty of work is that the proposed methodology is not only simple but also advanced and much secured procedure of key generation and management that will be further validated by the performance analysis. This technique will be beneficial for the continuous monitoring of patient’s critical data in remote areas also.

Robust Key Generation From Optical OFDM Signal in Indoor VLC Networks

This letter improves the confidentiality of visible light communication links by proposing a robust key-generation mechanism for optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems in an indoor environment. In this letter, we propose to generate keys from the bipolar OFDM samples at the output of optical OFDM systems. We suggest to assign a part of cyclic prefix samples located in the region of small channel effect for keys generation during session period. The proposed scheme generates keys for medium access control (MAC) sublayer and physical layer. It provides high computational security against passive eavesdroppers in the physical level, because each signal frame is encrypted by a different key. So, the encryption in MAC level can be turned off without any risk in security. This setting can enhance the system throughput. Also, the implemented method achieves zero bit disagreement rates with key generation on the fly.

A survey of research in WBAN for biomedical and scientific applications

A review of earlier work on Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) is given here as these networks have gained a lot of research attention in recent years since they offer tremendous benefits for remote health monitoring and continuous, real-time patient care. However, as with any wireless communication, data security in WBANs is a challenging design issue. Since such networks consist of small sensors placed on the human body, they impose resource and computational restrictions, thereby making the use of sophisticated and advanced encryption algorithms infeasible. This calls for the design of algorithms with a robust key generation management scheme, which are reasonably resource optimal. The main purpose of the WBAN is to make it possible for patients who need permanent monitoring to be fully mobile. The WBAN is worn by a patient and basically consists of a set of lightweight devices that monitor and wirelessly transmit certain bio signals (vital signs) to a Backend System at a Healthcare center. A monitoring healthcare specialist retrieves the patient data over a reliable wired connection. The focus is on the wireless technologies Bluetooth and Packet Radio Switching (GPRS), because of their important role of communication. This paper discusses several uses of the WBANs technology, the most obvious application of a WBAN is being in the medical sector. However, there are also more recreational uses to WBANs which are mentioned here. This paper discusses the technologies about WBANs, as well as different applications for WBANs. A survey of the state of the art in Wireless Body Area Networks is given to provide a better understanding of the current research issues in this emerging field.

Towards robust key extraction from multipath wireless channels

This paper tackles the problem of generating shared secret keys based on the physical characteristics of the wireless channel. We propose intelligent quantization mechanisms for key generation, achieving high secret bits generation rate. Moreover, some practical issues affecting the performance of the key generation mechanism are deeply investigated. Mainly, we investigate the effects of delay and mobility on the performance and we enhance the key generation mechanism accordingly. As a result, this paper presents a framework towards robust key generation from multipath wireless channels.

A Security Suite for Wireless Body Area Networks

Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) have gained a lot of research attention in recent years since theyoffer tremendous benefits for remote health monitoring and continuous, real-time patient care. However, as with any wireless communication, data security in WBANs is a challenging design issue. Since such networks consist of small sensors placed on the human body, they impose resource and computational restrictions, thereby making the use of sophisticated and advanced encryption algorithms infeasible. This calls for the design of algorithms with a robust key generation / management scheme, which are reasonably resource optimal. This paper presents a security suite for WBANs, comprised of IAMKeys, an independent and adaptive key management scheme for improving the security of WBANs, and KEMESIS, a key management scheme for security in inter-sensor communication. The novelty of these schemes lies in the use of a randomly generated key for encrypting each data frame that is generated independently at both the sender and the receiver, eliminating the need for any key exchange. The simplicity of the encryption scheme, combined with the adaptability in key management makes the schemes simple, yet secure. The proposed algorithms are validated by performance analysis.