Robot-assisted Kidney Transplantation Research Articles

Continuous renal Surface Cooling Technique (CSCT) in robotic assisted kidney transplantation: technique and outcomes from a high-volume center, a prospective cohort study.

Robot-assisted kidney transplantation (RAKT) surgery is an advanced minimally invasive technique, albeit with extended surgical and kidney ischemia time. To safeguard kidney function, we have devised a continuous surface cooling method (CSCT) for intraoperative kidney cooling. Patients receiving RAKT were divided into CSCT group and conventional group. The CSCT is a custom-designed apparatus composed of a single-layer plastic bag, featuring an inflow and an outflow that create a closed circuit for the continuous flow of cooling saline. The conventional group utilized ice slush for kidney graft cooling (Vattikuti Urology Institute-Medanta Technique, VUIMT). Patients who underwent open renal transplantation during the same period were also included in the study. All patients were subject to a minimum 2-month follow-up. And 1:3 propensity score matching was used to minimize selection bias. A total of 144 patients underwent CSCT, 47 underwent VUIMT, and 196 underwent open surgery were included in the study, while after matching, 129, 43, 129 patients were included in the three groups, respectively. The median follow-up time was 19 months. None of the patients experienced delayed graft function, patient mortality, or graft loss. After introducing the kidney into the abdominal cavity for 20 minutes, the surface temperature of the kidney in the CSCT group was notably lower compared to the VUIMT group (15.42±0.88 vs. 21.74±2.53°C, P=0.001). This temperature disparity became more pronounced at 65 minutes (19.74±1.61 vs. 29.82±1.63°C, P<0.001). At both 3 and 7 days post-transplantation, creatinine levels in the VUIMT group were significantly higher than those in the CSCT and open surgery groups (at 3d, 244.13±45.61 vs. 182.51±55.47 in CSCT group, P<0.001, or vs. 182.77±61.32 in the open surgery group, P<0.001; at 7d, 162.42±54.86 vs. 143.11±44.32 in the CSCT group, P<0.001, or vs. 135.23±45.27 in the open surgery group, P<0.001). No differences were observed in blood creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and perioperative complications between the CSCT and open surgery groups. The CSCT presents a significant advantage over the traditional VUIMT method in terms of kidney cooling and early postoperative kidney function preservation. Additional research is required to ascertain whether the CSCT can enhance the long-term prognosis of kidney transplant recipients.

The ERUS course on robot-assisted kidney transplantation

PurposeRobot-assisted kidney transplantation (RAKT) is being increasingly performed at selected referral institutions worldwide. Yet, surgical training in RAKT is still unstructured and not grounded into formal credentialing courses including simulation, lab facilities, and modular training with animal models. As such, developing standardized, modular training programs is warranted to provide surgeons with the RAKT-specific skillset needed for a “safe” learning curve.MethodsThe 3-day course on RAKT developed at the EAU Skills Center in Orsi Academy was designed as a standardized, modular, step-by-step approach aiming to provide theoretical and practical skills. The course is held by expert proctors with extensive experience in RAKT. To maximize the course’s usefulness, a solid knowledge of robotics and transplantation is desirable for participants.ResultsFrom January 2016 to July 2023, 87 surgeons from 23 countries (of which 36% from extra-European countries) participated in the RAKT course performed at the EAU Skills Center in Orsi Academy. Of these, 58/87 (67%) were urologists, while 27/87 (31%) were general surgeons and 2/87 (2%) were vascular surgeons. To date, 18 participants (20.6%) are actively involved in RAKT programs at institutions included in the European Association of Urology (EAU) Robotic Urology Section (ERUS)–RAKT network.ConclusionLeveraging the potential of simulation, wet-lab training, live porcine models, and experienced proctors, the RAKT course performed at the EAU Skills Center in Orsi Academy represents the first structured teaching effort aiming to offer surgeons a full immersion in RAKT to train the core technical skills.

Retracted: Results and Lessons Learned on Robotic Assisted Kidney Transplantation.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2020/8687907.].

Robotic kidney transplantation.

Kidney transplantation is the best treatment option for patients with end-stage renal disease owing to improved survival and quality of life compared with dialysis. The surgical approach to kidney transplantation has been somewhat stagnant in the past 50 years, with the open approach being the only available option. In this scenario, evidence of reduced surgery-related morbidity after the introduction of robotics into several surgical fields has induced surgeons to consider robot-assisted kidney transplantation (RAKT) as an alternative approach to these fragile and immunocompromised patients. Since 2014, when the RAKT technique was standardized thanks to the pioneering collaboration between the Vattikuti Urology Institute and the Medanta hospital (Vattikuti Urology Institute-Medanta), several centres worldwide implemented RAKT programmes, providing interesting results regarding the safety and feasibility of this procedure. However, RAKT is still considered an alternative procedure to be offered mainly in the living donor setting, owing to various possible drawbacks such as prolonged rewarming time, demanding learning curve, and difficulties in carrying out this procedure in challenging scenarios (such as patientswith obesity, severe atherosclerosis of the iliac vessels, deceased donor setting, or paediatric recipients). Nevertheless, the refinement of robotic platforms through the implementation of novel technologies as well as the encouraging results from multicentre collaborations under the umbrella of the European Association of Urology Robotic Urology Section are currently expanding the boundaries of RAKT, making this surgical procedure a real alternative to the open approach.

Proposal of a standardized training curriculum for open and robot-assisted kidney transplantation.

Standardized training programs for open (OKT) and robot-assisted kidney transplantation (RAKT) remain unmet clinical needs. To fill this gap, we designed a modified Delphi Consensus aiming to propose the first structured surgical curricula for both OKT and RAKT, involving a multispecialty international panel of experts. Two web-based surveys were built drafting two separate series of statements (for OKT and RAKT, respectively). The two surveys were delivered to a panel of 63 experts (for OKT) and 21 experts (for RAKT), selected considering their experience, academic profile and involvement in international associations. Consensus was defined as ≥75% agreement between the responders. Overall, 25/63 (40%) and 14/21 (67%) participated in the first round of the Delphi Consensus for the development of the structured curriculum for OKT and RAKT, respectively. During the second round, the experts reached consensus on all statements, as well as on the domains composing the structure of the training pathway: 1) eligibility criteria for trainees and host centres; 2) theoretical training; 3) simulation; 4) real case observation; and 5) modular training in the operating theatre. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first proposal of a dedicated curriculum for OKT and RAKT grounded on insights from international experts of different specialties. Our proposed curriculum provides the foundation to standardize the education and training in KT across Europe and beyond.

Robot-assisted kidney transplantation-what is new?

The first robot-assisted kidney transplantation (RAKT) was conducted in 2010, and the first time in Germany in 2016. As more than 5years have passed, current evidence, technological developments and the latest (German) experience are presented. The current evidence and experience of RAKT was investigated from an international and German perspective. In asystemic search, relevant publications were analyzed and compared with the experiences at aGerman urological transplant department. From an international perspective, RAKT can now be considered astandard procedure at experienced departments, as more than 680 RAKT have been documented in Europe. The functional results are excellent with low complication rates and good mid- to long-term functional outcomes. Although RAKT was initially only performed with living organ donations, it has also been successfully conducted with cadaveric grafts. The surgical technique can be applied in challenging and complex situations, such as for arteriosclerotic recipient vessels or for kidney transplantations in children. Although RAKT is still not widely performed in Germany, the university hospital in Marburg, the third urological department in Germany, has successfully initiated arobotic transplant program. Compared to open kidney transplantation, robot-assisted kidney transplantation enables at least noninferior results. It further appears to translate the well-documented advantages of minimally invasive surgery to kidney transplantation. However, its spread throughout Germany is only slowly increasing, possibly because only ahandful of urological departments still perform kidney transplantations.

Trends in kidney transplantation and living donor nephrectomy in Germany: a total population analysis from 2006 to 2021.

To analyze recent trends of surgical access routes, length of hospital stay (LOS), and mortality in kidney transplantation (KT) and living donor nephrectomy (LDN) in Germany. We studied the nationwide German hospital billing database and the German hospital quality reports from 2006 to 2021. There were a total of 35.898 KTs. In total, 9044 (25%) were living donor transplantations, while 26.854 (75%) were transplantations after donation after brain death (DBD). The share of open LDN decreased from 82% in 2006 to 22% in 2020 (-4%/year; p < 0.001). The share of laparoscopic LDN increased from 18% in 2006 to 70% in 2020 (+ 3%/year; p < 0.001). The share of robotic LDN increased from 0% in 2006 to 8% in 2020 (+ 0.6%/year; p < 0.001). Robotic-assisted KT increased from 5 cases in 2016 to 13 procedures in 2019 (p = 0.2). LOS was shorter after living donor KT, i.e., 18 ± 12.1days versus 21 ± 19.6days for DBD renal transplantation (p < 0.001). Moreover, LOS differed for open versus laparoscopic versus robotic LDN (9 ± 3.1 vs. 8 ± 2.9 vs. 6 ± 2.6; p = 0.031). The overall in-hospital mortality was 0.16% (n = 5) after LDN, 0.47% (n = 42) after living donor KT and 1.8% (n = 475) after DBD KT. There is an increasing trend toward minimal-invasive LDN in recent years. Overall, in-hospital mortality was low after KT. However, 5 deceased healthy donors after LKD caution that the risks of this procedure should also be taken very seriously.

Robotic assisted kidney transplant from deceased donor: initial experience

Robotic assisted kidney transplant from deceased donor: initial experience

Robot-assisted kidney transplantation in immunological high-risk patients: comparative analysis robot-assisted kidney transplantation versus open kidney transplantation

Robot-assisted kidney transplantation in immunological high-risk patients: comparative analysis robot-assisted kidney transplantation versus open kidney transplantation

VE25 - The ORSI Academy structured course on robot-assisted kidney transplantation

VE25 - The ORSI Academy structured course on robot-assisted kidney transplantation

VE24 - The first entirely 3D-printed training model for robot-assisted kidney transplantation: The RAKT Box

VE24 - The first entirely 3D-printed training model for robot-assisted kidney transplantation: The RAKT Box

Does the Use of Mini-Incisions In Renal Transplantation Surgery Affect Postoperative Parameters: Single Center Experience

Kidney transplantation can be performed with different surgical approaches, such as conventional open kidney transplantation (CKT), minimally invasive kidney transplantation (MIKT), laparoscopic kidney transplantation, and robot-assisted kidney transplantation. Conventional open kidney transplantation is usually performed using a Gibson or hockey stick incision, may be associated with higher wound complication rates, and results in worse cosmetic outcomes compared with minimally invasive methods. Minimally invasive kidney transplantation is performed with a smaller skin incision than CKT but may result in limited surgical exposure. This study aimed to compare the surgical results of MIKT and CKT. Fifty-nine patients with a body mass index of 22 kg/m2 and below and with no anatomic variations in computed tomography were included in the study. Thirty-seven patients who underwent CKT were included in group 1, and twenty-two patients who underwent MIKT were included in group 2. Patient data were collected retrospectively. This study was conducted in compliance with The Helsinki Congress and The Declaration of Istanbul. The mean incision length was calculated as 12.7 cm in group 1 and 7.3 cm in group 2 (P < .05). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of lodge preparation time, vein clamp time, artery clamp time, ureteroneocystostomy time, visual analog scale scores, postoperative creatinine levels, or complication rates (P > .05 for each comparison). Without compromising the goals and primary concerns of transplantation surgery, MIKT can be offered to selected transplant patients with cosmetic concerns.

PD31-02 ROBOTIC ASSISTED KIDNEY TRANSPLANT STILL FAILING TO IMPRESS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS

You have accessJournal of UrologyCME1 Apr 2023PD31-02 ROBOTIC ASSISTED KIDNEY TRANSPLANT STILL FAILING TO IMPRESS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS Tuan Thanh Nguyen, Adnan El-Achkar, Berut Lebanon, Ho Yee Tiong, Ryan W. Dobbs, Huy Gia Vuong, Jacob Basilius, Le Quy Van Dinh, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam, Jad Najdi, Trong Hieu Le, Tien-Dat Hoang, Khoa Quy, Ali Sohrab Naushad, Mohammed Shahait, Amman Jordan, and David I. Lee Tuan Thanh NguyenTuan Thanh Nguyen More articles by this author , Adnan El-AchkarAdnan El-Achkar More articles by this author , Berut LebanonBerut Lebanon More articles by this author , Ho Yee TiongHo Yee Tiong More articles by this author , Ryan W. DobbsRyan W. Dobbs More articles by this author , Huy Gia VuongHuy Gia Vuong More articles by this author , Jacob BasiliusJacob Basilius More articles by this author , Le Quy Van DinhLe Quy Van Dinh More articles by this author , Ho Chi MinhHo Chi Minh More articles by this author , Vietnam Vietnam More articles by this author , Jad NajdiJad Najdi More articles by this author , Trong Hieu LeTrong Hieu Le More articles by this author , Tien-Dat HoangTien-Dat Hoang More articles by this author , Khoa QuyKhoa Quy More articles by this author , Ali Sohrab NaushadAli Sohrab Naushad More articles by this author , Mohammed ShahaitMohammed Shahait More articles by this author , Amman JordanAmman Jordan More articles by this author , and David I. LeeDavid I. Lee More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000003324.02AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Several centers have reported their recent experiences with the robotic approach in kidney transplantation. Previous reports suggest lower incidence of incisional hernia and lymphocele. However, these reported improvements in perioperative and follow-up outcomes are still debated. This most comprehensive and updated meta-analysis sought to compare the perioperative and follow-up outcomes between robot-assisted kidney transplantation (RAKT) and open kidney transplantation (OKT). METHODS: For relevant articles, three electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, were searched from their inception until May 21, 2022. A meta-analysis has been reported in line with PRISMA 2020 and AMSTAR Guidelines. The risk ratio (RR) and mean difference (MD) were applied for the comparison of dichotomous and continuous variables with 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: Of the 1580 retrieved abstracts, 95 underwent full-text review, and 15 studies were included in the final analysis, comprising a total cohort of 2,319 cases of kidney transplantation (667 RAKT and 1,652 OKT). The quality of the studies remains low with large heterogeneity in the cohorts. the RAKT group still has longer warm ischemia time, cold ischemia time, rewarming time, total ischemia time and operative time compared to the OKT group. Even though RAKT group had shorter incision length (RR=1.42, 95%CI (0.350 - 5.766), p=0.623) resulting in lower pain score (MD=-1.37, 95%CI (-1.59 - -1.15), p=<0.001), less morphine use (SMD=-3.478, 95%CI (-5.619 - -1.336), p=0.001), and shorter length of stay (LOS) (SMD=-0.496, 95%CI (-0.819 - -0.173), p=0.003), it has similar clinical estimated blood loss, similar rates of surgical site hernia and postoperative lymphocele. Both techniques have equivalent renal function, graft, and patient survival. Decrease surgical site infection remains only significant in obese patients. CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that with a larger series and more patients, the initial promise that RAKT have lower rates rate of lymphocele incisional hernia is not true. While RKT does have shorter wound incision, less pain, and LOS, this comes at a cost of longer op times with no improvement in graft survival. The answer to whether RAKT is worthwhile remains to be answered by a randomized controlled study. Source of Funding: None © 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 209Issue Supplement 4April 2023Page: e900 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Tuan Thanh Nguyen More articles by this author Adnan El-Achkar More articles by this author Berut Lebanon More articles by this author Ho Yee Tiong More articles by this author Ryan W. Dobbs More articles by this author Huy Gia Vuong More articles by this author Jacob Basilius More articles by this author Le Quy Van Dinh More articles by this author Ho Chi Minh More articles by this author Vietnam More articles by this author Jad Najdi More articles by this author Trong Hieu Le More articles by this author Tien-Dat Hoang More articles by this author Khoa Quy More articles by this author Ali Sohrab Naushad More articles by this author Mohammed Shahait More articles by this author Amman Jordan More articles by this author David I. Lee More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

V03-03 INNOVATIVE TECHNIQUE OF REDUCING REWARM ISCHEMIA TIME IN ROBOTIC ASSISTED KIDNEY TRANSPLANT WITH MULTIPLE VESSELS

You have accessJournal of UrologyCME1 Apr 2023V03-03 INNOVATIVE TECHNIQUE OF REDUCING REWARM ISCHEMIA TIME IN ROBOTIC ASSISTED KIDNEY TRANSPLANT WITH MULTIPLE VESSELS Himanshu Sharma, Samit Chaturvedi, Ruchir Maheshwari, and Anant Kumar Himanshu SharmaHimanshu Sharma More articles by this author , Samit ChaturvediSamit Chaturvedi More articles by this author , Ruchir MaheshwariRuchir Maheshwari More articles by this author , and Anant KumarAnant Kumar More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000003241.03AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Robotic assisted kidney transplant (RAKT) is a feasible treatment option for patients with end stage renal disease. Despite the advantages of enhanced dexterity and wristed instruments, the problem of increased rewarm ischemia and longer vascular anastomosis time persists especially with multiple vessel renal allografts (MVRA). Our objective was to demonstrate technical feasibility of utilising the internal iliac artery autograft (IIAA) in RAKT to reduce rewarm ischemia times in a triple vessel renal allograft. METHODS: We present an innovative technique to utilize the internal iliac artery autograft in RAKT to manage MVRA which has never been reported previously. The donor had three vessels on left side and one single vessel on right side but the left kidney had lower glomerular filtration rate and smaller size in comparison to the right, so the left kidney was harvested laparoscopically. The technique is divided into three distinct steps. Step 1 is the retrieval of the IIAA, preparing the external iliac vessels for future anastomosis and raising a peritoneal flap for the transplant kidney. Step 2 involves bench dissection and ex-vivo vascular reconstruction to anastomose MVRA with IIAA. The final step is to anastomose this autograft-allograft complex with the external iliac vessels. RESULTS: We were able to perform a single in-vivo arterial anastomosis for a triple vessel renal allograft thereby reducing warm ischemia times. It took only 17 minutes to perform a single arterial anastomosis and if we would’ve done three anastomoses, the total rewarm ischemia time would have exceeded 60 minutes. Thus a single anastomosis enabled us to significantly reduce the rewarm ischemia time. CONCLUSIONS: Our technique eliminates the need for more than one arterial anastomosis, reduces the rewarm ischemia time and represents an innovative method to manage grafts with multiple vessels during RAKT. Source of Funding: None © 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 209Issue Supplement 4April 2023Page: e246 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Himanshu Sharma More articles by this author Samit Chaturvedi More articles by this author Ruchir Maheshwari More articles by this author Anant Kumar More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

V03-02 ORTHOTOPIC ROBOT-ASSISTED KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION: STEP-BY-STEP

You have accessJournal of UrologyCME1 Apr 2023V03-02 ORTHOTOPIC ROBOT-ASSISTED KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION: STEP-BY-STEP Francesc Vigués Julià, Begoña Etcheverry Giadrosich, Arnau Abella Serra, José Ignacio Pérez Reggeti, Maria Fiol Riera, Pol Sanz Serra, José Francisco Suárez Novo, Manel Castells Esteve, and Lluis Riera Canals Francesc Vigués JuliàFrancesc Vigués Julià More articles by this author , Begoña Etcheverry GiadrosichBegoña Etcheverry Giadrosich More articles by this author , Arnau Abella SerraArnau Abella Serra More articles by this author , José Ignacio Pérez ReggetiJosé Ignacio Pérez Reggeti More articles by this author , Maria Fiol RieraMaria Fiol Riera More articles by this author , Pol Sanz SerraPol Sanz Serra More articles by this author , José Francisco Suárez NovoJosé Francisco Suárez Novo More articles by this author , Manel Castells EsteveManel Castells Esteve More articles by this author , and Lluis Riera CanalsLluis Riera Canals More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000003241.02AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Orthotopic kidney transplant is an alternative for patients with an end-stage renal disease non-suitable for a heterotopic kidney transplant (KT) due to severe iliac atherosclerosis or occupation of iliac fossa by previous grafts. This approach is performed through a left lumbotomy, using the splenic or renal artery, the renal vein and the native urinary tract. However, it is technically challenging and is associated with a higher rate of complications compared to conventional KT. Recently, robot-assisted kidney transplant (RAKT) has been shown to achieve excellent patient and graft outcomes, while reducing surgical morbidity. From the experience in RAKT, we have developed this technique in orthotopic transplantation. The aim of this video is to describe the technique of orthotopic robotic assisted kidney (ORAKT) step by step, and our series of cases. METHODS: We present the ORAKT technique from different cases using splenic or renal artery. Some strategies to vessel dissection and preparation are also described. RESULTS: 5 ORAKT were done: 4 cases from cadaveric donor and 1 case from living donor. 1 arterial anastomosis was performed to the renal artery, 4 to the splenic artery. Surgical and functional data are shown in Table 1. 24 hour ultrasound is done in all cases, and the ureteral stent is removed at 4 week. CONCLUSIONS: ORAKT provides a minimally invasive alternative for some selected patients non-suitable for a heterotopic KT and is technically feasible in centers with robotics kidney transplant expertise. The potential advantages of the robotic approach are related to the reduction of lumbotomy morbidity, the better and precise dissection of the native renal vessels and splenic artery and the more precise vascular anastomosis. Source of Funding: None. © 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 209Issue Supplement 4April 2023Page: e246 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Francesc Vigués Julià More articles by this author Begoña Etcheverry Giadrosich More articles by this author Arnau Abella Serra More articles by this author José Ignacio Pérez Reggeti More articles by this author Maria Fiol Riera More articles by this author Pol Sanz Serra More articles by this author José Francisco Suárez Novo More articles by this author Manel Castells Esteve More articles by this author Lluis Riera Canals More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

Robotic kidney transplantation from deceased donors: A single-center experience

Robotic-assisted kidney transplant (RAKT) has proven to be a successful approach for patients with elevated body mass index (BMI). To date, a paucity of studies comprehensively analyzing the clinical outcomes of RAKT by using the grafts from deceased donors exists. This was a single-center retrospective analysis of RAKT from deceased donor kidneys (n = 93) from 2009 to 2021. The cohort was divided into 3 groups on the basis of recipient BMI (BMI ≤ 41.2 vs BMI 41.2-44.5 vs BMI ≥ 44.5 kg/m2, n = 31). Delayed graft function was significantly higher in the group with the highest BMI (BMI ≤ 41.2 vs BMI 41.2-44.5 vs BMI ≥ 44.5 kg/m2, 12.5% vs 10% vs 45.16%, P = .001). Graft survival after 12 months of follow-up was significantly lower in the group with BMI of ≥44.5 kg/m2 (BMI ≤ 41.2 vs BMI 41.2-44.5 vs BMI ≥ 44.5 kg/m2, 93.7% vs 100% vs 83.9%. P = .05). For BMI, the relative risk of patient survival was 1.10 for each increase in a BMI in the range of 5 (CI 95%, 0.98-1.21). Death-censored graft survival after 5 years was significantly better than the UNOS-matched cohort (dRAKT vs match, 86.2% vs 68.9%, P = .03). This single-center analysis shows that RAKT can be performed safely; however, caution should be used when matching marginal kidneys with patients with high BMI.

Robotic assisted kidney transplant with ileal conduit surgery

Robotic assisted kidney transplant with ileal conduit surgery

Innovative technique of reducing rewarm ischemia time in robotic assisted kidney transplant with multiple vessels

Innovative technique of reducing rewarm ischemia time in robotic assisted kidney transplant with multiple vessels

Does kidney side matters in Robot-Assisted Kidney Transplantation (RAKT) from living donors? Insights from the European Robotic Urology Section (ERUS) RAKT working group

Does kidney side matters in Robot-Assisted Kidney Transplantation (RAKT) from living donors? Insights from the European Robotic Urology Section (ERUS) RAKT working group

Robot-assisted kidney transplantation (RAKT) from deceased donors provides non-inferior perioperative and mid- term functional outcomes as compared to open kidney transplantation: A single-centre experience

Robot-assisted kidney transplantation (RAKT) from deceased donors provides non-inferior perioperative and mid- term functional outcomes as compared to open kidney transplantation: A single-centre experience