Road Block Research Articles

Optimizing hazardous materials transportation network: A bi-level programming approach considering road blocking

Road transportation serves as the primary mode for hazardous materials (hazmat) transportation in China. However, the current academic literature lacks sufficient exploration of optimizing transportation networks through road-blocking strategies. This research proposed a bi-level programming model, where the government acts as the decision-maker in the upper-level programming, and the transportation enterprise operates at the lower level. Road-blocking strategies are employed by the government to mitigate transportation risks. We developed exact solution algorithms for the upper programming and employed genetic algorithms for the lower model separately. Finally, using a real road network in Beijing as a case study, we showcased the effectiveness of our approach. We computed government decision schemes and enterprise transportation routes for 13 scenarios, and conducted a further discussion and analysis on scenarios with road service levels of 83% and 80.9%. The method and results presented in our study can adeptly dissect the transportation of hazmat in city areas, offering insightful perspectives and robust support for devising more streamlined management strategies.

Road and Bridge Blocking System in Flood Situation

Abstract: The system uses hydraulic or mechanical barriers that can be quickly opened in response to rising water levels, preventing access to barriers and bridges. Up to date data from weather forecasters and water gauges provide effective protection to ensure closure times before flooding reaches critical levels. In addition, the central control centre provides timely updates to the public via mobile and digital signage applications, encouraging collaboration with emergency services and local authorities. The purpose of this document is to provide guidance to highway authorities and other relevant organisations on road drainage. One problem that arises during floods is the closure of roads due to flooding, especially on roads located near rivers and canals. Most brides give the height above the highest water level, but the approach to the bridges often does not give the required height. As a result, the road was flooded while the bridge was standing

Study on Mapping and Identifying Risk Areas for Multiple Particulate Matter Pollution at the Block Scale Based on Local Climate Zones

As China’s urbanization process accelerates, the issue of air pollution becomes increasingly prominent and urgently requires improvement, based on the fact that environmental conditions such as meteorology and topography are difficult to change. Therefore, relevant optimization studies from the perspective of architectural patterns are operable to mitigate pollution. This paper takes the Wenhua Road block in Shenyang, China, as the research object; obtains the concentration data of three kinds of particulate matter through fixed and mobile monitoring; and analyzes the spatial distribution characteristics of Local Climate Zones ( LCZ) and particulate matter in the block based on the ArcGIS platform, identifies high-risk areas, and excavates the influence of LCZ on the concentrations of three kinds of particulate matter. The results show that the spatial distribution characteristics of PM1, PM2.5, and PM10 under the same pollution level are relatively similar, while the spatial heterogeneity of the distribution of the same particulate matter under different pollution levels is higher. The time-weighted results show that the PM1 pollution level in the block ranges from 44 to 51 μg/m³, PM2.5 ranges from 75 to 86 μg/m³, and PM10 ranges from 87 to 99 μg/m³. The pollution hot spots throughout the year are located in the central, eastern and western parts of the study area. In terms of the relationship between the LCZ and particulate matter, with the increase in the particulate matter diameter, the correlation between the three kinds of particulate matter and LCZ are all enhanced. The built-up LCZ always has a larger average concentration of particulate matter than that of the natural LCZ, and building height and building density are the main factors causing the difference. In the optimal design of the risk area, the proportion of natural vegetation or water surface should be increased and the building height should be properly controlled and the building density should be reduced in the renewal of the urban building form. This study will largely improve the spatial refinement of the optimization of urban architectural patterns oriented to mitigate particulate matter pollution.

Automatic Accident Avoidance System

Abstract: As much as road travel has improved lives for the better part it also has proposed many challenges. Along with taking lives of those if countless people it also has been an economic burden on the country, in India the cost of road travel accidents in 2019 was estimated to be 12 billion USD. Along with loss of lives, serious injuries, damage to public infrastructure and with huge financial burden on the tax payers it becomes a major in road block in the urbanization of developing countries, a lot of the steps have been taken by the government regarding this issue including awareness among the general public about using the safety features present in their respective automobile, avoiding driving under the influence of substances, regulating the manufacturing standards of automobiles so they can withstand the damage and keep the passengers safe. But these steps are primary based on the presumption on the reliable decision making of the human driver. A lot more could be achieved by devising methods for accident prevention that don’t rely on human intervention. In this project we have devised a system that works automatically using an ATmega328mp microcontroller paired with an ultrasonic distance sensor that can detect the obstacles facing the automobile and can make a decision to warn the driver and if ignored can override the control of the human driver.

The impact of local pinning sites in magnetic tunnel junctions with non-homogeneous free layers

Pinning at local defects is a significant road block for the successful implementation of technological paradigms which rely on the dynamic properties of non-trivial magnetic textures. Here, a comprehensive study of the influence of local pinning sites for non-homogeneous magnetic layers integrated as the free layer of a magnetic tunnel junction is presented, both experimentally and with corresponding micromagnetic simulations. The pinning sites are found to be extremely detrimental to the frequency controllability of the devices, a key requirement for their use as synapses in a frequency multiplexed artificial neural networks. In addition to describing the impact of the local pinning sites in the more conventional NiFe, a vortex-based magnetic tunnel junction with an amorphous free layer is presented which shows significantly improved frequency selectivity, marking a clear direction for the design of future low power devices.

Multilanguage Frameworks Towards the Ideal Multilanguage Environment

Multilanguage Frameworks Towards the Ideal Multilanguage Environment

Security indicators and standards for microprocessor centralization in “2x2” and “1x1” systems

The levels of device failures and performance losses in “2x2” and “1x1” systems are discussed in this article according to safety indicators and system failure time estimations. Ensuring the safety of train operations at the station is the primary objective of both road blocks and electro-centralization. The safe and prompt delivery of people and commodities to their destinations is a key indicator of the quality of the transportation process, and it determines how productive railways are. Railway automation and telemechanics systems depend on each other for their dependability in sustaining high levels of these indicators. Train delays, or worse, mishaps or calamities, can result from malfunctions in the railway automation and telemechanics (RAT) system. Maintaining RAT systems’ reliability and preventing loss of performance.

Social Psychology Inspired Reinforcement Learning Framework for Conflict Management in Connected Vehicles

In any connected network, resource scarcity, perceived road blocks, and incongruent objectives can potentially ensue conflicts among stakeholders. In the existing literature, trust has been cited as a crucial component in effective conflict management. Besides trust, empathy, and social intelligence play decisive roles in enhancing cooperation, encouraging information sharing, and promoting problem solving. In this paper, we discuss the three major components of conflict management and propose a computational model, which is inspired from social psychology for conflict management in connected vehicles (CV). Our mathematical algorithm focuses on three factors, namely trust, empathy, and social intelligence that are learned via social interactions among vehicles to ensure safety of vehicles and passengers. The triad of trust, empathy, and social intelligence is used to aid reinforcement learning (RL) for obtaining the optimal q-values and rewards in the shortest duration of time in the CV network. We have examined how the three factors influence the learning process and analysed their conflict management potentials. Results show that the proposed model is 118:18% more efficient than the trust-only-based RL algorithm.

Indian Judiciary on Domestic Violence: Decoding Recent Trend

The stark malignancy of domestic violence which is also referred as intimate partner violence on the state of women hood can be determined by the prevalence of it in the present society. It bears to push women to the brink and fringes of deemed societal ladders. The brunt of domestic violence lead to exploitation of women be it in the form of physical or be it mental and occurs chiefly in their matrimonial homes. The detrimental effect of this abuse and exploitation regrettably imprints itself not only on the suffering females but to the entire family including children which in turn causes monetary, health and societal issue and concerns. What separates domestic violence from other crimes and abuses is that in Domestic violence there is familial interrelatedness and hence the victim is a known of the complainant. In contrast to the modern trends of raising the bar of rights for women the domestic violence is considered as a major road block and its waning as precursor for the society to bring female rights at par. However, on the other spectrum an alarming fact has been observed by the judiciary about the registration of sham cases against the husband or his family members or both for the purposes of harassment or extorting money. To carry off the said object the complaints are registered by overstating the facts, by addition of conjectures, overplaying the financial conditions of the husband or his family and misrepresenting relevant facts and materials. The supreme court opined in Rajesh Sharma v. State of U.P. that the bulk of the cases are filed impetuously and over trifling matters. To comprehend the say of Indian judiciary on instances of false domestic violence and sham complaints registered by the complainant, secondary data-based research is conducted. Landmark Judgement from the apex court and different High Courts are also analyzed. Endeavor has been made to appreciate the liabilities and legal rights of both the parties in the cases of intimate partner violence which is perpetrated towards one another.

The Role of College Students' Innovation and Entrepreneurship under the New Normal

With the development of big data technology and Internet technology, the "Internet Plus" plays an important role in various fields. It will become a new educational model to propel the development of the innovation and entrepreneurship education of college students, thus providing them with a clear direction of innovation and entrepreneurship, so that they can adapt to the changes of the new environment. At the same time, in the context of the new normal, "Internet Plus" can also bring new ideas to college students' entrepreneurial activities, which can enable them to provide an important contribution to the realization of innovation development goals in China, to cultivate more innovative talents. Each section is developed in a staggered way and connected through the Fengcheng river system to form a circular artery connecting the "Confucian worship" block, Old Street, Daohe Ancient Block and Jing'an Road Block and reaching Wanda Plaza. It aims to realize the perfect combination of tradition and modernity, create a "Confucian worship Tour - Fengcheng River cultural tourism scenic belt" with the characteristics of "Confucianism", "opera", "folk custom" and "business", and promote the establishment of national AAAAA level tourist attraction.

Road Blocks or Building Blocks? A Qualitative Study on Challenges and Resilience in Romantic Relationships of Youth Exposed to Family Violence

Romantic relationships are an important part of many people’s lives and at least partly shaped by experiences during childhood. Youth exposed to family violence during childhood are more likely to experience difficulties in their later romantic relationships. However, a more holistic perspective on the romantic relationships of youth with a history of family violence is lacking. Using both theoretical and inductive thematic analysis, this qualitative study explored challenges as well as positive experiences within romantic relationships of youth exposed to family violence during childhood. In-depth individual interviews were conducted with 18 youth aged between 16 and 20 years, who were reported to child protection services. The narratives reflected that youth experienced challenges related to support, connection, trust, boundary setting, emotion regulation and conflict resolution. Furthermore, family violence during childhood seemed to be important in the emergence of these challenges, consistent with theoretical mechanisms described in observational learning theory and attachment theory. However, youth also described positive experiences in their romantic relationships and demonstrated an ability to learn from others (e.g., their current romantic partner) how to communicate effectively or solve problems. Therefore, with the right social or professional support, at-risk youth may be able to overcome these challenges.

Applying time-resolved noise maps to assess the impact of road-traffic measures on wake-up reactions in urban environments

The present study investigates the effect of traffic measures in an urban area on the wake-up reactions at nighttime of the residents in the vicinity. These measures include road blocks and speed limits along a few selected streets in a part of Berlin representing the studied area. A temporally resolved noise mapping method based on the CNOSSOS-EU directive is used to calculate the noise level at discrete locations. The number of reactions and the awakening frequency are estimated based on the metrics established in a previous study. The results show a reduction in adverse sleep disturbances leading to awakening due to the traffic restrictions during the night.

Comparative analysis of certainty factor and analytic hierarchy process for landslide susceptibility zonation in parts of Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India

The state of Himachal Pradesh in India is one of the most important hotspots when it comes to landslides; and Kandaghat, a tehsil in the Solan district of Himachal Pradesh having religious and tourism importance, is substantially affected by frequent landslides causing road blocking. In the present study, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and certainty factor (CF) techniques, which form part of the geographic information system (GIS)-based landslide susceptibility models, were used to prepare a landslide susceptibility map for the Kandaghat region, for which, as a preliminary step, an inventory of 214 live landslides was prepared from the Bhukosh data directory. The landslide inventory was cross-verified on the Google Earth platform. About nine landslide causative factors (slope, curvature, aspect, soil, rainfall, land use–land cover, lithology, drainage density and lineament density) were considered for the study area, and against the backdrop of these, the corresponding thematic maps were prepared and used in turn for the preparation of the final landslide susceptibility map. Based on the two mentioned techniques, the thematic maps were assigned weights according to their prominence and dynamic processes in the study area. The model performance for each method was evaluated using the area under the curve (AUC), and the accuracies for the AHP and CF were ascertained as, respectively, 81% and 85.6%. The Himalayan terrains are significantly prone to landslides, and this study outlines the characteristics of one of the important Himalayan towns in terms of vulnerability for landslides, together with providing its classification in terms of slope deformation susceptibility; this procedure can help direct attention towards areas needing to be classified under high to very high landslide susceptibility zones.

Effect of the Re-Emergence of Militancy on Small and Medium Enterprises (SMES) in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria

Small and medium scale enterprises are the forces that help in the development of any economy and society at large. As such, any threat to its operations will impact negatively on society. In the Niger Delta region, the re-emergence of militancy has had dire consequence on the living standard of the people. Though, there have been studies on insecurity and its impact on SMEs elsewhere, however, none have really looked at the effect of the re-emergence of militancy on small and medium scale enterprises in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. The rear absence of studies on this topic justifies the relevance of this study. Consequently, the study is designed to investigate among others, the effect of the re-emergence of militancy on small and medium enterprises in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. The results of the study provide a better understanding of the impact the Niger Delta militant has on SMEs in the region, the extent to which the costs of re-emergence identified are present in the study. The findings suggest that SMEs especially the oil and gas related businesses, and petite traders in the Niger Delta have suffered from both direct and indirect costs of the militant such as kidnapping, bombing, assassination, robbery, and road blocking. The lack of alignment of militant interests by programme leaders explains why some beneficiaries have returned to insurgency in the Niger Delta Region. Therefore, for post amnesty programme, there is need to strengthen the legitimacy of the leadership through better management, openness and accountability, monitoring and coordination, lowering the expense of governance, and putting ex-militants' interests at the forefront of concerns are all needed to increase the legitimacy of the leadership

Breastfeeding Medicine Across the Globe.

Breastfeeding Medicine Across the Globe.

LIBERDADE DE REUNIÃO E DEMOCRACIA: CONDIÇÕES E LIMITES CONSTITUCIONAIS

Recent demonstrations in Brazil, such as those that resulted in the road blocking in October 2022 and the invasion of Praça dos Três Poderes in January 2023, provoked great repercussions in the national debate. The objective of this article is to identify, based on legal doctrine and case law, the scope of protection of this fundamental right and its possible limits. Freedom of assembly is closely related to democracy and political pluralism, insofar as it constitutes an instrument for the collective exercise of freedom of expression. Considering such characteristics, part of the doctrine and precedents of the Federal Supreme Court have given a preferential position to this fundamental freedom. However, it is not an absolute right. There are limitations explicitly stated in the Constitution as well as others that result from the weighing of values in the concrete case, when they collide with other fundamental rights.

Studying Executive Function in Culturally Meaningful Ways

ABSTRACT Children’s development of executive function is a good candidate for studying cultural differences because it is a necessary capacity for becoming competent participants in cultural activities, and yet it is also likely to be shaped by culturally organized everyday experiences, with potential consequences for children’s development and learning. An ethnographically grounded study with Yucatec Maya children was conducted to explore cultural bias in existing theoretical constructs and methods. Yucatec Maya children autonomously organize their daily activities within a dense web of family social connections and work responsibilities. Yet small pilot samples of 4- to 8-year-olds were uninterested in and performed poorly on many traditional measures of EF due to a number of cultural assumptions inherent in the tasks’ logic and demands. Specific cultural road blocks were identified, including assumptions about motivation, task meaning, rules of social interaction, and specific cultural beliefs. Several novel tasks were then developed, comprised of contextually situated, goal-driven tasks, that children were more motivated to engage in. To check on the accuracy of our analysis we propose a design for a future comparative study consisting of a mix of traditional tasks (both culturally interpretable and culturally inappropriate for Yucatec Maya children), and novel, contextually embedded tasks that were engaging for Yucatec Maya children. We close with a cost/benefit analysis of using culturally meaningful research to study children’s development.

ЗАДАЧИ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ ДОРОЖНОГО ДВИЖЕНИЯ ПРИ ВОЗНИКНОВЕНИИ ИНЦИДЕНТОВ ВО ВРЕМЯ ПРОВЕДЕНИЯ ГОРОДСКИХ МАССОВЫХ МЕРОПРИЯТИЙ

Mass urban events imply a large number of participants in a certain area, which increases the risk of emergency situations. Among the most likely types of emergencies possible during mass urban events are: fires, panic, stampede, blocking of roads and objects of the road network, group violations of public order, traffic accidents, terrorist acts. The emergencies listed above have an impact on the traffic flows behavior. This article discusses the tasks of traffic management in an emergency during mass urban events, for the fastest and most effective response and elimination of the emergency consequences.

The logic of peasant resistance to tourism

This study aims to explore the logic of peasant resistance to tourism. Case-oriented qualitative research was adopted, with two tourist villages selected as case studies. The study found petitioning and road blocking are two resistance methods often used by peasants. The use of physically vulnerable peasants and the behaviour of kneeling down are two tactics of peasant resistance. Lawsuits are rarely adopted due to their limitations. The logic of peasant resistance is the result of long-term practice based on a comprehensive consideration of perceived effectiveness, economy, risk perception, and trust propensity. The findings of this study shed some light on the understanding of peasant resistance to tourism, as well as contribute to the development of resistance theory.

Introduction to Special issue

Introduction to Special issue