Road Accident Statistics Research Articles

Analysis of accidents and road accidents involving vehicles of category L2

The article examines the issue of the peculiarities of maintaining statistics of road accidents in the Russian Federation in terms of recording road accidents involving tricycles. Taking into account the technical features of tricycles and the insignificant protection of the driver and passengers, it is proposed to separate these traffic accidents into a separate subcategory for analyzing and preventing the causes of accidents. Keywords tricycle, traffic accident, recording of traffic accidents

Positive and negative aspects of using personal mobility devices on the road network

The article examines the positive and negative aspects of the use of personal mobility devices on the road network in the Russian Federation in the period from 2018-2023. The advantages of vehicles with an electric motor are analyzed, such as environmental friendliness, comfortable parking conditions, ease of movement over short distances, time saving and physical activity. On the other hand, the study also highlights the risks of traveling on these means, such as accidents, increased risk of injury, lack of safe infrastructure, lack of driving style and seasonality. After studying the statistics of road accidents in which personal mobility devices were involved, problems were identified at the legislative level associated with driving on devices equipped with an electric motor in road cases. In addition, options were proposed to reduce accidents and ensure safe traffic on the road network in the context of the amendments introduced on March 1, 2023, such as increasing the level of awareness regarding traffic safety on road infrastructure, using equipment for certain vehicles and following safety precautions.

Analyzing the role of climatic factors in the driver—vehicle—road—environment system

Climate peculiarities affect road performance and, consequently, vehicle operating conditions. The autumn-winterspring period is characterized by sharp air temperature fluctuations within 0...± 4 °C, large amounts of precipitation, high air humidity, thaws, icing, which are a concomitant factor of accidents on the roads. The analysis of road accident statistics showed that in the transitional periods of fall-winter and winter-spring there are localized spikes in the number of accidents. During the analysis it was revealed that the increase in the number of accidents in the transition period falls on the so-called "critical" month, characterized by air temperature spikes in the range of 0...±4 °C and heavy precipitation. Keywords WADS system; climatic zones of the Russian Federation; factors of the subsystem "environment"; accident statistics; winter road maintenance

Addressing certain issues of administrative and legal regulation of liability for violation of legal requirements for the safety of vehicle operation in Ukraine

Unfortunately, the state of law and order on the roads of Ukraine is extremely disappointing, and the sad statistics of road accidents and people injured in them are quite convincing. It is clear that this situation is not normal and poses a threat to individuals, including Ukrainian citizens, as well as to the public and state interests in general. The urgency and importance of road safety issues is emphasised by both academics and the official authorities, who have a strategic vision of the key issues in this area and ways to address them. However, despite this, no significant positive results have been achieved so far.
 There are many problems that prevent effective road safety, not least of which is the large number of gaps and shortcomings in the current legislation that need to be addressed. Particular attention should be paid to improving administrative liability for violations of vehicle operation rules by drivers and passengers. The relevance of these particular aspects of road safety is due to the fact that the use of vehicles with technical malfunctions, converted in violation of the requirements established by law, causes a significant number of road accidents, and violation of the rules for the use of passive safety equipment (in particular, seat belts) leads to an increase in the number of people injured in road accidents, as evidenced by the statistics provided by the Department of Patrol Police of Ukraine
 In view of the above, the article proposes some steps to improve administrative liability under Article 121 of the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offences. Obviously, improvement of the road traffic safety regime requires improvement of various preventive measures, which are undoubtedly of a priority nature, but legal liability, which is an important tool for maintaining the rule of law in this area, cannot be neglected. Expanding the scope of liability for drivers who operate vehicles with technical problems and whose use is prohibited by law, as well as imposing sanctions for improper use of seat belts not only on drivers but also on passengers, should, in our opinion, have a positive impact on the state of lawfulness in the field of vehicle safety and, as a result, on the dynamics of road accidents and the number of people injured in them.

INFLUENCE OF SIGHT DISTANCE CHARACTERISTICS ON SAFETY OF INTERSECTIONS USING SURROGATE SAFETY MEASURES

Recent road accident statistics indicate that more than 30% of accidents occur at intersections. Whereas, total percentage of intersections present in the entire road network is less than 2%. From design point of view, one way to ensure reduction of accidents at intersections is to provide sufficient sight distance and clear sight triangles. However, it was observed that even when minimum sight distance is provided, it does not ensure non-occurrence of accidents because available sight distance at intersection changes with time. Hence there is a need to understand the effect of sight distance characteristics on safety at uncontrolled intersections. From safety studies, it was observed that crash data is highly unreliable as it is generally underreported. Hence in the present study, surrogate safety measures were used instead of crash data. To accomplish the study objectives, six uncontrolled three-legged intersections were selected. Geometric data such as sight distance was measured as per IRC SP 41 (1994) guidelines. Traffic data collection at each intersection was carried out using videography method. From the recorded videos, volume data, speed data, and Post Encroachment Time (PET) data were extracted manually. The effect of various geometric and traffic factors on the critical conflict rate was studied using correlation and regression analysis. From the models developed, it is observed that for every 1 unit increase in logarithm of major and minor road sight distance, critical conflict rate decreased by 18.14% and 33.56%, respectively. Also, it was found that, the available sight distance is far shorter than the design/minimum sight distance specified by IRC SP 41 (1994).

Research of Porous Asphalt Concrete Application on Highway Sections with The Increased Aquaplaning Danger Level

Statistics of road accidents show that even in the summer the number of accidents directly depends on weather conditions, and one such reason is aquaplaning in some parts of the road. Therefore, solving the issue of improving the road structure in such areas, while maintaining the regulatory strength, equality and coefficient of adhesion are relevant in road construction. The research allowed developing an improved mixture of porous asphalt mixture taking into account the physical-mechanical and operational properties. The construction of the road surface was also improved with the separation of the pavement layers, where porous asphalt mixture was used as the top layer, and the basalt canvas (impregnated) between the used construction levels was used. The mathematical calculation of the road was improved taking into account the physical phenomena occurring between the car and the road surface in the presence of water. The speed limits were calculated, and the thickness of the fluid layer was taken into account as well. The authors of the article also paid attention to the influence of road roughness on the speed limit.

СНИЖЕНИЕ НЕГАТИВНОГО ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЯ АВТОМОБИЛЬНОГО ТРАНСПОРТА НА ОКРУЖАЮЩУЮ СРЕДУ С ПРИМЕНЕНИЕМ МИКРОСКОПИЧЕСКОГО ИМИТАЦИОННОГО МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЯ

As part of the study, an analysis of the statistics of road accidents in the city of Naberezhnye Chelny was carried out. The most emergency section of the road network has been identified, field studies have been carried out and a simulation model has been built. Three options for improving the situation at this site are proposed, simulation models are built for all, virtual experiments are conducted, the results are analyzed in order to identify.

Road Infrastructure Investment Limits Based on Minimal Accidents Using Artificial Neural Network

Road traffic accidents are still among the top major global causes of death, injury, and disability. Despite this cause for alarm and several preventive initiatives, global road accident statistics are not improving. This study modeled annual road accidents (ARAs) as a function of demographic, economic, passenger movement, freight movement, and road capital investment indicators. The research is based on 22 years of data from more than 36 Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) member and partner countries. Artificial neural network (ANN), multiple linear regression (MLR), and Poisson regression (PR) analysis were employed for this purpose. The ANN model outperformed the regression models by far, thus making it possible for reliable new insights and accurate results to be obtained. The ANN’s superior performance was shown to be a result of the non-linear relationship between ARA and some of the predicting variables. The average relative contribution of each variable in describing the ARA models was estimated using connection weight analysis (from the ANN model) and relative weight analysis for the regression model. The profile method was used to perform sensitivity analysis and to establish the partial variation trend of the ARA with each of the variables. The Existing Road Maintenance Investment (ERMI) and New Road Infrastructural Investment (NRII) showed a nonlinear concave-up relationship with ARA for given demography, economy, freight, and passenger movements. A combination of per capita NRII and ERMI corresponding to the minimum ARA exists. These sets of NRII and ERMI were considered safe road investment limits. The ANN-ARA model was utilized to estimate these limits with their relative proportion for diverse combinations of demography, economy, freight level, and passenger movement.

DRIVING TIREDNESS – THE END ENEMY OF THE DRIVER

In modern society, little or no sleep at all has become a habit, almost a good tradition. Fulfilled sleep is one of the key factors of a healthy lifestyle and longevity, along with proper nutrition, physical activity and that one is fighting stress. Driver fatigue reduces the level of traffic safety, having a negative impact on all psychophysical qualities. Fatigue at the wheel, like driving under the influence of alcohol, is a major factor in road accidents and should not be neglected, regardless of the experience of the driver, the car driven or, the road he travels. A moment of inattention at the wheel can turn the driver, passengers or other innocent people into a simple statistics of road accidents. The article describes the signs and causes of fatigue, measures to prevent and restore the driver’s work capacity, as well as warning systems introduced by several manufacturers on keeping the car on the lane, monitoring the driver’s fatigue etc.

Analysis of Traffic Accident Features and Crash Severity Prediction

Vehicle crashes occur because of numerous factors. It leads to loss of lives and permanent incapacity. The budgetary expenses of both individuals as well as for the nation are influenced by vehicle crashes. According to Road accident statistics, a total of 464910 road accidents were reported in India, claiming 1,47,913 lives and causing injuries to 4,70,975 persons every year. In this work, the UK data set sourced from Kaggle is used. For the study, 17 attributes and 35k records of the year 2015 are considered. The data set is imbalanced, so to balance out the data, the over-sampling technique is used. Random Forest, Decision tree, Logistic Regression, and Gradient Naïve Bayes algorithms are used to predict the severity of Accidents. To evaluate the model, performance measures like Accuracy, Precision, Recall, F1-Score are used. When Accuracy, Precision, F1-Score performance measure is considered Random Forest yielded the best result. When Recall performance measure is used, Random forest for Fatal, Decision Trees for Serious, Logistic regression for Slight yielded the best result.

PEDESTRIAN SAFETY ELEMENTS REGARDING CAR CONSTRUCTION

Almost a quarter of people killed in road accidents worldwide are the most vulnerable road users – pedestrians. Every year, more than 300000 pedestrians die on the world’s roads, which is about 23% of the total number of people killed in road accidents. In addition, millions of pedestrians are traumatized, some of them becoming disabled for life. The article includes a brief description of the driver-pedestrian relationship, road accident statistics involving pedestrians in the Republic of Moldova and in different geographical areas of the globe, modern practices and technologies applied in car construction by manufacturing plants to ensure pedestrian safety.

Measuring Devices of Non-Invasive Form for the Study of the Psychophysiological State of the Driver of Motor Vehicles

The necessity of psychophysiological selection of a motor vehicle driver is substantiated. Among the types of professional selection, psychophysiological selection has a special place due to the fact that psychophysiological studies make it possible to quickly and objectively measure a large number of psychophysiological properties. Psychophysiological characteristics of a person can be a quantitative measure of professionally important qualities, and have a sufficiently high prognostic value for occupations related to "man—machine" systems. The necessity of using non-invasive measuring devices to determine the degree of reliability of a motor vehicle driver is justified. Analysis of the statistics of road accidents gives reason to believe that the biggest number of accidents is observed on road sections where the drivers experience biggest tense anxiety and mental stress. This confirms that the reliability of the driver’s work is consistent with one of the main laws of psychophysiology: the outcome of the work correlates with mental stress. According to this pattern, there is optimal level of emotional tension of a person, at which he or she performs the work with the greatest efficiency. Exceeding this optimal level, as well as reducing it, is accompanied by deterioration in performance. In psychophysiological studies, the assessment criteria of the impact of various road conditions on the driver are the values of psychophysiological indicators corresponding to the optimal level of emotional stress. Based on this, one can determine the degree of reliability of the driver’s actions. When conducting an experiment to determine the psychophysiological characteristics of the driver, the use of non-invasive measuring devices makes it possible to assess the degree of reliability of the driver. The review of measuring devices for psychophysiological measurements of noninvasive form is given. The article also describes the most popular measuring methods, such as electroencephalography, electrocardiography, electromyography, eye tracking. The principle of operation of each non-invasive measuring methods is considered in detail, the advantages and disadvantages of each method are described. It is proposed to synchronize the measuring devices and use them comprehensively regarding the functional power of universal computing tools for a more accurate assessment of the psychophysiological condition of the driver of the vehicle.

DRIVER OR AUTOPILOT – WHO IS THE FUTURE

The human factor is the main element in the production of road events, not only in terms of percentage, but also in absolute importance, because, ultimately, road and technical issues are involved in road accidents only in strict accordance with the behavior and the direct action of the driver, who, within the road traffic system, is more variable and unpredictable than the vehicle, road and environmental factors. The driver is guilty of 70-90% of the total number of road accidents. More than a third of people killed and injured in road accidents worldwide are drivers. The article describes the role of the driver in the DVRE system, the risk factors and the causes contributing to the occurrence of road accidents. A brief analysis of road accident statistics due to drivers in the Republic of Moldova and around the world is performed. It also describes the evolution of the unmanned car and other innovative technologies and ideas for automating car driving.

РАЗРАБОТКА ИНФОРМАЦИОННОЙ МОДЕЛИ, ПРЕДУПРЕЖДАЮЩЕЙ ВОДИТЕЛЯ О ДВИЖЕНИИ ПО ОПАСНОМУ УЧАСТКУ УДС

The analysis of the statistics of road accidents on one of the sections of the road network adjacent to the core of the urban agglomeration was carried out, and the percentage ratio of the type of transport used and the number of vehicles in the family was determined using a sociological survey. According to the results of the documentary study, it was determined that Tuesday and Sunday are the most dangerous days of the week with the largest number of road accidents, as well as the most common and frequently occurring types of accidents are collisions and hitting pedestrians. On the basis of mathematical statistics and theory of probability, the correlation dependence between the proposed time ranges is established. The information model has been developed that allows warning the driver about driving on a dangerous section of the road network and using the proposed methods to improve road safety.

Features of administrative responsibility for road safety violations

Problem setting. At present, road traffic is one of the main elements of modern states. Using different types of vehicles, people have the opportunity to move faster, do freight, thereby facilitating their work in all areas of activity. This contributes to the development of economic activity, social activity and road infrastructure, but at the same time there are a number of negative consequences associated with traffic injuries, economic and social damage caused by road accidents. Today, about 7,000 people die in road accidents each year and nearly 4,000 are injured; every 12 minutes there is a car accident; almost every 1.5 hours a person dies. In Ukraine, the statistics of road accidents for the period from 01.01.2021 to 31.05.2021 amounted to 70774 – 22.2%. It is possible to reduce these indicators under the condition of introduction of the state program of the correct design of roads, and also increase of administrative responsibility for violation of traffic rules. And what do we see when we look at the statistics of the last five years? And the fact that accident statistics are really scary, and is constantly growing. Law enforcement officers are constantly publishing regular collections of data on road accidents in the country. The tables are full of red numbers, the color of which indicates the deterioration of basic safety indicators. Target of research is a comprehensive scientific study of administrative liability for violations of traffic legislation, its features, as well as improvement by amending legal acts will positively affect the development of transport – road complex of Ukraine and contribute to strengthening road safety as a component of national security. The main purpose of the study is to lay the groundwork for administrative liability for road safety offenses on the basis of a comprehensive analysis of scientific sources, generalization of legal material and law enforcement practice. The object of this work is public relations, which are formed in the process of ensuring administrative liability for violations of legislation in the field of road safety in modern conditions. Analysis of recent researches and publications. Issues of road safety in different volumes are reflected in studies conducted by: O. Bandurka, T. George, D. Medvedev, Yu. Piroshkova and others. At the general level, the concept of “road safety” as a component of public safety was studied by A. Basov, В. Glushkov, M. Inshin, O. Copan and others. These scientists analyzed the problem of improving the administrative and legal responsibility of road safety and proposed to improve measures that will ensure the safety of all road users. However, the relevance of this topic is due to the constant updating of Ukrainian legislation, based on the provisions of which is the rule-making regulation of this area of public relations. Article`s main body. The article defines the features of administrative responsibility for violation of road safety. The author considers changes in the legislation regulating administrative responsibility in the field of road safety. The analysis of the number of road traffic accidents (RTA) and their consequences over the past five years was also carried out. The study of this problem is relevant, since the analysis of static data on the number of road accidents indicates a low level of traffic safety and a high accident rate on highways. Conclusions and prospects for the development. Based on the above, we can conclude that the current legislation in the field of administrative liability for violations of road safety is quite extensive and provides for various types of administrative penalties aimed at saving lives and reducing socially dangerous accidents. Also, the legislative definition of the term “traffic” is not provided either in the Code of Administrative Offenses or in the Law of Ukraine “On Road Traffic”. I propose to define and legislate the concept of “road safety” as a set of factors and mechanisms that regulate legal relations, establish responsibility, describe the typical mechanisms and rules of conduct of all road users in the state.

АНАЛІЗ СЕЗОННИХ ЗМІН АВАРІЙНОСТІ НА АВТОМОБІЛЬНИХ ДОРОГАХ ДЕРЖАВНОГО ЗНАЧЕННЯ ТА ЇХ ВПЛИВ НА СТАТИСТИКУ ДТП

In the modern world, where more and more vehicles appear every day, the issue of traffic safety is becoming more acute. The most prospective method of traffic safety management, on our opinion, is the analysis of statistical data on road accidents (hereinafter accidents), which allows to determine the accident levele, causes of accidents, evaluate the effectiveness of implemented measures to improve traffic safety and more. As the main task of traffic safety ensuring is to reduce accident level and severity of the accidents consequences, and especially to reduce accidents with fatalities to a minimum, the analysis of accident statistics data plays a key role and is an integral part of a comprehensive approach to solve the issue of the traffic safety management. Qualitative analysis of accidents by various indicators allows determining the main causes that impact on the occurrence of accidents and the severity of their consequences. This article considers the formation of characteristics of seasonal changes in accident level on the network of state roads of Ukraine. The study allows identifying the features and patterns of annual dynamics of road accidents with the definition of monthly maximum and determining the features of seasonal stability of accident level indexes. Taking into account the seasonal variability of the accident level allows rationally planning the activities of transport organizations directed on preventing road accidents and reducing the severity of their consequences. Keywords: accident level, analysis of seasonal changes of accident level, traffic safety, statistics of road accidents.

Analysis of Traffic Accident Features and Crash Severity Prediction

Vehicle crashes occur because of numerous factors. It leads to loss of lives and permanent incapacity. The budgetary expenses of both individuals as well as for the nation are influenced by vehicle crashes. According to Road accident statistics, a total of 464910 road accidents were reported in India, claiming 1,47,913 lives and causing injuries to 4,70,975 persons every year. In this work, the UK data set sourced from Kaggle is used. For the study, 17 attributes and 35k records of the year 2015 are considered. The data set is imbalanced, so to balance out the data, the over-sampling technique is used. Random Forest, Decision tree, Logistic Regression, and Gradient Naïve Bayes algorithms are used to predict the severity of Accidents. To evaluate the model, performance measures like Accuracy, Precision, Recall, F1-Score are used. When Accuracy, Precision, F1-Score performance measure is considered Random Forest yielded the best result. When Recall performance measure is used, Random forest for Fatal, Decision Trees for Serious, Logistic regression for Slight yielded the best result.

Road Safety Education Courseware: A Study of Satisfaction and Learning Performance among Primary School Students in Malaysia

<p class="Default">There is a significant increase in road accident statistics in Malaysia and this reflects the culture formed among users related to road safety. In developing a positive road safety culture, road safety education should be introduced from an early age. The effort by the Ministry of Education Malaysia in implementing road safety education in primary schools since 2007 is a wise move towards the formation of that culture. As the road system becomes busier and more complex, children need to be educated with sufficient knowledge and skills to cope with increasingly challenging road situations. This paper introduced the ROSE courseware which incorporates multimedia, AR and VR technologies for the purpose of assisting teachers and students to understand and acquire skills related to road safety. A study was conducted among 30 primary school students in using the ROSE courseware for road safety education. The study provides an insight into the relationship between perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and enjoyment and students’ satisfaction in using the ROSE courseware utilising Pearson correlation and regression analyses. Regression analysis resultsindicate the significant relationships between perceived usefulness and enjoyment and students’ satisfaction in using the ROSE courseware. However, the relationship between perceived ease of use and satisfaction is notsignificant.Using paired sample t-test, this study also looked at the students' learning performance due to the intervention of the ROSE courseware for RSE. The outcomes showed that the mean scoredifference between the pre-test and post-test is significant. By using the ROSE courseware, thestudents gained significantly higher level of road safety knowledge which indicates that the learning performance among the participants has been enhanced through the implementation of the ROSE courseware.</p>

Фактор скорости в системе безопасности дорожного движения

The article examines various factors affecting the accident rate in road transport and studies in detail the consequences of exceeding the established speed limit. Based on the statistics of road accidents and calculations made, the level and severity of the consequences caused by the violation of the speed limit by the driver is established.

The Relationship between Norms and Risky Driving Behavior: A Systematic Review

Road accident statistics has been seen increasing over the years despite numerous efforts made by the authorities. Human factors have contributed 90% of accident occurrence with risky driving behavior being one of the significant human factors that can be further explained through norms. This review paper aimed to investigate the relationship between norms and drivers' risky driving behavior. A systematic review process was conducted through four academic databases namely Scopus, Wiley Online Library, Emerald and Web of Science of no limitation for date. Overall, 3443 titles were identified and after several screening and reviewing processes, only 27 studies were included. The results of the review demonstrated mixed findings between subjective norm and risky driving behavior, whereas the relationship between group norm, moral norm, injunctive norm, descriptive norm and risky driving behavior were observed significant. Appropriate educational awareness is required to educate the society in practicing good norms for mutual benefit of the society. Parents also need to set a good example for their children by abiding the traffic rules and regulation.