Risky Job Research Articles

Challenges in rescuing snakes to protect human lives and promote snake conservation in Tamil Nadu, India.

Human-snake conflicts are common worldwide, often resulting in snakebites. Snakebite envenoming causes over 125,000 deaths and 400,000 permanent disabilities worldwide every year. India alone accounts for an average of ~58,000 annual snakebite-induced deaths. As human developments rapidly expand into suburban and rural areas, snakes are being displaced and incidences of residents finding snakes within their dwellings are increasing. Most people have an innate fear of snakes, compounded by centuries of negative influence from culture and mythology manifesting in people often attempting to kill snakes. Snake rescuers are volunteers who remove and relocate snakes to safe areas. This is a risky job that poses potentially fatal implications if bitten. These volunteers mostly receive no financial compensation for their time or transportation costs, but they choose to do it for their love of snakes, conservation, and for the altruistic nature of helping others. Snake rescuers often receive no formal training and are unfunded resulting in removing snakes improperly without adequate safety equipment or the required skill set to safely complete the task. Therefore, it is critical to determine their challenges and requirements to promote the safe rescue of snakes while protecting human lives. In this study, we developed an online questionnaire and interviewed 152 snake rescuers in Tamil Nadu, India following written informed consent to determine their challenges and needs for rescuing snakes safely. The results demonstrate that most rescuers are males, and they conduct snake rescues for varying lengths of time. They mostly receive no formal training and are bitten by snakes. They spend their own money on the purchase of snake-handling equipment and on treatments if bitten or injured during a rescue. The rescuers highlighted the urgent need for formal training, safety equipment and standard protocols for rescuing snakes in Tamil Nadu. Overall, this study demonstrates that snake rescuing should be appropriately regulated by the authorities, in particular the Wildlife Division of State Forest Departments in India, and formal training along with necessary equipment, medical insurance and appropriate recognition should be provided to them to safely remove snakes from human dwellings and manage the safety of both snakes and humans. They can also act as educators to disseminate information about the preventive and first aid measures for snakebites as well as the ecological importance of snakes.

Musculoskeletal disorders and related risk factors among Iranian farmers: applying Protection Motivation Theory

Introduction: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are one of the main occupational health problems worldwide. Among different careers, the farming profession is highly prone to MSDs. A variety of factors to prevent MSDs can be named such as preventive behaviors. To determine the factors in health-related behaviors, protection motivation theory (PMT) is widely accepted as a framework. Therefore, the present study is an attempt to determine the MSD preventive factors using PMT in farmers in rural areas of Tuyserkan County. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study among 285 farmers living in Tuyserkan County in 2021. The farmers were selected through cluster random sampling from 54 health houses affiliated with the health center of the county. In the next stage, the participants were selected through simple random sampling. Data gathering was done online using a questionnaire of the constructs of PMT and a Nordic questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS 24 using linear and binary regression tests. Results: The mean work experience of the farmers was 22.11 years, and the activity in 81.8% of the participants was in standing and sitting positions. In addition, 55.4% of the participants had at least one of the MSD symptoms and the most common symptoms were back pain (67%) and pain in the knee area (35.5%). The majority of farmers did not observe MSD alleviation behaviors. The variables perceived susceptibility, fear, self-efficacy, and behavior had protective effects against MSDs in the farmers; while, monthly income, age, work hours per day, and type of activity had intensifying effects on MSDs. Conclusions: Farming is recognized as a risky job for health and several evidences show a relationship between failure to perform preventive behaviors and the prevalence of MSDs. Given the paucity of studies using health education theories and models to examine the factors in MSDs, the present study employed the PMT framework to examine MSD factors in farmers.

Intelligent Unmanned Robot Using IOT for Military Applications

Most military organization now takes the help of robots to carry out many risky jobs that cannot be done by the soldier. These robots used in the military are usually employed with an integrated system, including video screens, sensors, grippers, and cameras. The military robots also have different shapes according to the purposes of each robot. Here the new system is proposed with the help of low low-power IOT wireless sensor network to trace out the intruders (unknown persons) and the robot will take the necessary action automatically. Thus the proposed system, an Intelligent Unmanned Robot (IUR) using IOT saves human lives and reduces manual error on the defense side. This is a specially designed robotic system to save human life and protect the country from enemies. Robots are specially designed for humans to make our lives easier. Robots are designed for various purposes like military purposes, industry, for home home-based applications. At the border, different tanks, missiles, guns, etc. are used by the enemy. This causes problems and harms our forces or soldiers. For this, a robot is designed and developed for military purposes application to protect our army. robots are used to detect obstacles that are found in their path. If it finds any obstacle in its path, then using a gun mechanism it will able to shoot that obstacle. To make it a multifunctional robot all the actions performed by the user same actions performed by a robot using the stretch sensor. All these mechanisms are embedded in the propeller.

Exploring risky health behaviors and vulnerability to sexually transmitted diseases among transnational undocumented labor migrants from Bangladesh: a qualitative study

BackgroundIn Bangladesh, remittances constitute a substantial portion of the country’s foreign exchange earnings and serve as a primary source of income. However, a considerable number of Bangladeshi citizens reside overseas without proper documentation, exposing them to significant challenges such as limited access to healthcare and socioeconomic opportunities. Moreover, their irregular migration status often results in engaging in risky health behaviors that further exacerbate their vulnerability. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the risky health behavior and HIV/STI susceptibility of Bangladeshi irregular international migrants residing across the globe with undocumented status.MethodsUsing a qualitative Interpretative Phenomenological Approach (IPA), 25 illegal migrants were interviewed who are currently living illegally or returned to their home country. The author used a thematic approach to code and analyze the data, combining an integrated data-driven inductive approach with a deductive approach. Concurrent processing and coding were facilitated by employing the Granheim model in data analysis.ResultsThe study identified four risky health behaviors among irregular Bangladeshi migrants: hazardous living conditions, risky jobs, suicidal ideation, and tobacco consumption. Additionally, the authors found some HIV/STI risk behavior among them including engaging in unprotected sex, consuming alcohol and drugs during sexual activity, and having limited access to medical facilities.ConclusionsThe findings of this study can be used by health professional, governments, policymakers, NGOs, and concerned agencies to develop welfare strategies and initiatives for vulnerable undocumented migrant workers.

The Value of Environment Health Risks and Wage Compensation: Evidence from Selected Industries of Punjab, Pakistan

The study's key objective empirically examines the compensating wage and income differential for Pakistan's workers in various risky industries. This study estimates the cost of occupational health risks in Pakistan’s diverse industries. The FFL quantile-decomposition method, the hedonic wage equation, and the VSL approach investigate the factors affecting wage differentials, risky job selection, and the total health risks cost in hazardous workplace settings. The wage differentials associated with perilous workplace conditions follow a quadratic trend, demonstrating that illiterate and impoverished workers are well-informed about potentially dicey settings. However, they are compelled to work as the stagnant labor market lacks alternatives. In contrast, skilled workers are compensated for occupational health risks because of the high demand. The estimated annual cost of health risks associated with potentially dangerous occupational settings is $5 million for industrial workers and $8 million for radiographers. Firms should build a framework for reducing work-related injuries, including employee self-assessment programs, accident prevention training, anti-smoking campaigns, stress management education, ergonomic management, and nutritional awareness to reduce workplace illnesses.

Psychometric properties and further validation of the emergency reaction questionnaire in a sample of Portuguese adults

Emergencies and disasters are abrupt, unexpected, dangerous events often traumatic. Individuals differ in the way they respond to this kind of adverse experience, depending on varied factors. This study used the Emergency Reaction Questionnaire (ERQ) to assess defensive mechanisms, feelings, and thoughts during emergency and disaster-related situations. The main objective of the present study was to confirm the factor structure and provide further support to the validity of the ERQ on a Portuguese sample. Here we replicated previous findings in showing that people who are more prone to react in an organized way in emergencies tend to have lower anxiety levels and a greater tendency for sensation seeking. We also found that females score lower than males; that ERQ specific readiness scores slightly increase with age and people who have risky jobs or routinely engage in extreme sports scored higher on the ERQ scales (meaning they act more readily and organized in an emergency). The ERQ and its Portuguese version show to be a psychometrically sound and valid measurement of emergency behavior, able to assess individual differences in the way people perform during various emergencies, and can be used in future research and in practice for screening or measuring training efficiency.

Can Technology Startups Hire Talented Early Employees? Ability, Preferences, and Employee First Job Choice

Early stage technology startups rely critically on talented scientists and engineers to commercialize new technologies. And yet these startups compete with established technology firms to hire the best workers. Theories of ability sorting predict that high-ability workers will choose jobs in established firms that offer greater complementary assets and higher pay, leaving low-ability workers to take lower paying and riskier jobs in startups. We propose an alternative view in which heterogeneity in both worker ability and preferences enable startups to hire talented workers who have a taste for a startup work environment even at lower pay. Using a longitudinal survey that follows 2,394 science and engineering PhDs from graduate school into their first industrial employment, we overcome common empirical challenges by observing ability and stated preferences prior to entry into the labor market. We find that both ability and career preferences strongly predict startup employment with high-ability workers who prefer startup employment being the most likely to work in a startup. We show that this partly reflects dual selection effects whereby worker preferences result in a large pool of startup job applicants and startups make job offers to the most talented workers. Additional analyses confirm that startup employees earn approximately 17% lower pay. This gap is greatest for high-ability workers and persists over workers’ early careers, suggesting that they accept a negative compensating differential in exchange for the nonpecuniary benefits of startup employment. Data on job attributes and stated reasons for job choice further support this interpretation. This paper was accepted by Toby Stuart, entrepreneurship and innovation. Funding: This work was supported by the National Science Foundation SciSIP Award [Grant 1262270] and the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation (Junior Faculty Fellowship). Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4868 .

Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Keluhan Subjektif Low Back Pain pada Penjahit di Pasar Istana Anak-Anak Kota Jambi Tahun 2022

Sewing is one of the risky jobs to experience low back pain (LBP) this is due to working with long sitting and non-ergonomic work positions. The Jambi City Children's Palace Market is the central tailor in Jambi City. The results of the observation showed that from 10 tailors, 7 experienced pain in the lower back when sewing. The purpose of the study was to determine the factors associated with complaints of LBP on tailors at the Children's Palace Market. The study used a cross sectional design. The research was conducted at the Istana Children's Market in Jambi City on 10-31 May 2022. The research population was all tailors at the Istana Anak Market. The research sample was 30 tailors at the Children's Palace Market in Jambi City. The research instrument was a questionnaire and RULA. Data collection techniques using interviews and observations of respondents' work attitudes. Data were analyzed using chi square test. As many as 53.3% of respondents have complaints of low back pain, 53.3% of respondents work with high-risk work attitudes, 60.0% of respondents work with risky work durations and 63.3% of respondents have long tenures. The results of the bivariate analysis showed that there was a relationship between work attitude (p=0.000) and tenure (p=0.011) with complaints of low back pain in tailors at the Children's Palace Market, Jambi City. There is no relationship between work duration (p-0.159) and complaints of low back pain in tailors at the Children's Palace Market, Jambi City.

Analisis Manajemen Risiko dengan Pelaku yang Tidak Menilai Berbahaya: Studi Kasus Hotel Atria Serpong

Hotel Atria Serpong has been inaugurated since 2010, in terms of fulfilling a stylish concept so that in 2021 the facade of Hotel Atria Serpong will start to be renovated. This facade project with a height of 48.25 meters is a very risky job. Therefore researchers are interested in conducting research. The purpose of this research is analysis based on risk management based on real implementation data and secondary data on the documentation of each job.In determining the level of risk, researchers used a data processing tool based on matriculation from Permen PUPR No.10 yr.2021, with mean and validity using Spss v.12 software. Questionnaire data taken from 30 respondents were 4 contractor employees with a bachelor's degree background, 23 contractor workers with an educational background < high school, 1 foreman with a high school background and 2 hotel engineers with a bachelor's and vocational background. With the existence of invalid data as much as 9%, one of the reasons is the education of the respondents. Respondents of construction actors stated that risky things were considered not to be worried about risks, therefore the researcher validates with engineering validity data in the form of documentation photos.In general, the type of risk that will occur is falling from a height and the result is injury to death. The risk level resulting from high to moderate levels is the work of dismantling steel structures, painting the outer walls, installing roof truss structures, dismantling signage and installing ACP fins. The risk response is to hold routine briefings, use APD, carry out project SOPs and carry out supervision at any time. In conclusion there are no work accidents and implementation failures

School Dropout an Evil, who is Socially Responsible? A Study

School Dropout is a serious social evil which when unattended will have a long run impact in all the sphere of the society. This particular issue should be given utmost importance by the teachers in schools and parents and elders in families. The stakeholders should play a pro-active role in dealing with this problem.
 The major reason of dropout is widely hinted at the economic backwardness of the school children. Apart from this cause there are many other causes ranging from issues in the family, at home and even in schools, liking and disliking of schools and teachers also contribute to the cause of dropout. This issue of dropout has become more serious especially after the disaster of Tsunami in 2004.
 The issue of dropout has to be viewed in a different angle in fishing / coastal villages. The fishing occupation is no doubt a risky job but it has been lucrative. High lucrative in this profession is positively correlated with the investment in mechanised boats and fish nets. The scenario of this dropout problem took an ugly turn post Tsunami. Post Tsunami, relief, rehabilitation and reconstruction was well undertaken by the Government in a very large scale and equally by the Third Sector (NGOs). The relief was also in the form of Mechanised & Fibre Boat (FRB) distributed by many NGO. Prior to Tsunami the number of FRB was very less in number, so the labour force required was also minimal. The number of FRB increased post tsunami which resulted in labour shortage. This also paved way for the entry of children in the profession of fishing saying goodbye to studies. Was this the starting point of School Dropout? At the backdrop of this scenario, the present research has been undertaken. The present research has taken care to highlight the socio-economic profile of the dropouts in the coastal/fishing villages of Karaikal District, Union Territory of Puducherry. The results support the following statement that “Disaster has a direct bearing on the Education of Children”.

FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH SUBJECTIVE COMPLAINTS OF LOW BACK PAIN IN TAILORS AT THE CHILDREN'S PALACE MARKET, JAMBI CITY

Sewing is one of the risky jobs to experience low back pain (LBP) this is due to working with long sitting and non-ergonomic work positions. The Jambi City Children's Palace Market is the central tailor in Jambi City. The results of the observation showed that from 10 tailors, 7 experienced pain in the lower back when sewing. The purpose of the study was to determine the factors associated with complaints of LBP on tailors at the Children's Palace Market. The study used a cross sectional design. The research was conducted at the Istana Children's Market in Jambi City on 10-31 May 2022. The research population was all tailors at the Istana Anak Market. The research sample was 30 tailors at the Children's Palace Market in Jambi City. The research instrument was a questionnaire and RULA. Data collection techniques using interviews and observations of respondents' work attitudes. Data were analyzed using chi square test. As many as 53.3% of respondents have complaints of low back pain, 53.3% of respondents work with high-risk work attitudes, 60.0% of respondents work with risky work durations and 63.3% of respondents have long tenures. The results of the bivariate analysis showed that there was a relationship between work attitude (p=0.000) and tenure (p=0.011) with complaints of low back pain in tailors at the Children's Palace Market, Jambi City. There is no relationship between work duration (p-0.159) and complaints of low back pain in tailors at the Children's Palace Market, Jambi City.

A Survey on Helmet Detection by CNN Algorithm

Accidents by not wearing helmet infractions are now a big problem for most emerging nations in the modern, changing world. Both the number of vehicles on the road and the number of traffic law offences are growinPly. Not wearing the helmet enforcement has always had a difficult and risky job. Despite the fact that traffic control has evolved into Due to the variety of plate types, various sizes, rotations, and uneven illumination during picture capture, automating the process is a particularly difficult task. The main goal of this project is to properly and efficiently control thehe accidents because of not wearing Helmet. The suggested model incorporates a computer-based camera-based automated system for video recording. In order to identify number plates more quickly and easily, the project offers Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) approaches as well as additional image-manipulation methods for plate localization and character recognition. The SMS-based module is used to alert the owners of the vehicles about their traffic rule violations after identifying the car number from the number plate. To trace the report, an additional SMS is sent to the Regional Transport Office (RTO).

Mechanical Behavior Analysis of Excavation and Retaining Piles in Gravel Formation along Adjacent Railways: A Comparative 3D FEM Study with Monitoring Data

Carrying out underground excavation work with retaining pile supports adjacent to a running railway is a risky and cautious job. To evaluate the safety and practicability of underground excavation, a three-dimensional finite element program was developed and used in this study to simulate and analyze the mechanical behavior of the gravel layer in response to excavation to serve as the design for retaining piles as supports. Monitoring instruments (such as inclinometers and subsidence observation points on railway track surfaces) were installed during construction to provide immediate monitoring of the excavation area and information for safety assessments. The calculation process in the numerical analysis included the execution of programs such as pre-processing, central calculation, and post-processing, as well as the simulation of construction steps, such as the initial stress of gravel layer, railway vehicle load, layered excavation, and support installation. By comparing the results of 3D finite element analysis with monitoring data, it was found that the construction method of excavating the gravel layer near the adjacent railway and supporting it with retaining piles provides a reliable engineering technology. The results of the comparative analysis were all within a safe range and showed a consistent trend.

Effect of risky decision-making and job satisfaction on turnover intention and turnover behavior among information technology employees

PurposeTurnover in high-tech companies has long been a concern for managers and executives. Recent meta-analyses from the general turnover literature consistently show that job satisfaction is a major attitudinal antecedent to turnover intention and turnover behavior. Additionally, the available research on information technology (IT) employees focuses primarily on turnover intentions and not on a risky decision-making perspective and actual turnover (turnover behavior). The paper aim is to focus on that.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses hierarchical ordinary least squares, process (Preacher and Hayes, 2004) and logistic regression.FindingsThe main predictor of actual turnover is risky decision-making, whereas job satisfaction is the main predictor of turnover intention.Originality/valueThe joint effects of risk and job satisfaction on turnover intention and behavior have not been studied in the IT domain. Hence, this study extends our understanding of turnover in general and particularly among IT employees by studying the combined effect of risk and job satisfaction on turnover intentions and turnover behavior. The study’s theoretical and practical implications are likewise discussed.

Perception of Medical Graduates Towards Anesthesiology: A Prospective Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: Despite the availability of a number of specialties, only few areas come as a choice for post-graduation. The main purpose of this study was to determine the perception of undergraduate students towards anesthesiology and the factors that determine considering or not considering anesthesiology as a career. Methods: A questionnaire based cross-sectional study was conducted among medical interns at KIST Medical College in January 2018. Seventy interns participated in this study. The questionnaire sought information on their perception and reasons for considering or not considering anesthesiology. Results: Majority of the medical interns [58 (82.85%)] had decided the subject to specialize in future. Forty one (70.68%) chose surgery as their career choice. It was followed by Internal medicine- 35(60.34%), Anesthesia- 21(36.2%), Orthopedics- 19(32.75%) and Gynecology- 8(13.79%). Among the participants who chose anesthesia as their career choice, five (8.62%) stated anesthesia as their first career preference, three (5.17%) as their second and 13(22.41%) as their third career preference. The positive key attributes of choosing anesthesiology was mostly because they were interested in critical care 19(90.47%), satisfaction from the immediate result seen 15(71.42 %) and minimum patient contact 12(57.14%). The negative attributes of anesthesiology highlighted were risky job 23 (46.93%), lack of recognition by patient 13 (26.53%) and minimum patient contact 12 (24.48%). Conclusion: Findings suggests that perceptions of medical students towards anesthesiology are manifold. Duration of internship has biggest influence on motivating undergraduate students towards pursuing anesthesiology as a career.

Management of transport of hazardous materials

Transportation of hazardous goods is a demanding and risky job. The greatest risks, dangers and consequences for the population and the environment are associated with the transport of hazardous goods. Today, numerous systems and software packages have been developed, the aim of which is to improve the performance of this type of transport and mitigate the consequences of possible accidents. By monitoring and adaptive management of the transport of hazardous goods in road traffic, the consequences of traffic accidents can be repaired more quickly and the movement of vehicles with hazardous goods can be directed to safer routes.

Risk Factor of Low Back Pain in the Informal Sector Tailor in Solor Kupang City 2019

Tailor is a risky job that impact to low back pain. Low back pain (LBP) can cause a tailor to experience a decrease in the ability to perform daily activities and occupational health problems. One of the low back pain risk factors is individual factors include body mass index (BMI), exercise habits, and working period. This research was observational analytical research with a cross-sectional design conducted at Informal Sector tailor in Solor, Kupang City by filling questioner, body mass index measurement, and direct interview. The sampling technique used was total sampling with 48 samples that fulfilled inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data were analyzed by using the univariate, bivariate with chi-square, and multivariate with logistic regression as well. The bivariate analysis results showed that the results were significant on the variable of body mass index (p=0.012, OR=5.667) and work period (p=0.026). While there was no significant correlation between the variables of exercise habits with the incidence of low back pain (p=0.407).The multivariate analysis results found that the variable of the work period was the variable that had the biggest effect on the incidence of low back pain (OR=0.361). There are correlations between body mass index and work period with low back pain incidence at Informal Sector tailor in Solor, Kupang City in 2019.

Mapping of health care facilities, dental visits and oral health problems in Indonesia to prevent COVID-19 transmission

Background: One of the goals of Indonesia’s participation in sustainable development goals is to improve its health state. Efforts to achieve health improvement are increasing the availability of health care facilities so people can easily access and get treatment for dental and oral health. As we know, the first case of COVID-19 in Indonesia was found in March 2020 and all cases were spread over 34 provinces. During this pandemic situation, health care facilities and some dental treatments generating aerosols are one of the environments that can potentially transmit COVID-19 to the community. Dentists have the riskiest job because they must be less than two meters from patients. Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the distribution of health care facilities, dental visits and oral health problems to prevent increased exposure to COVID-19 by using a geographic information system to explore the distribution of regional data. Methods: This study is a secondary data analysis and used data from Indonesia Basic Health Research 2018 and Health Facility Research 2019. Data of health care facilities, dental visits and oral health problems were tabulated using MS Excel version 16.45. Spatial mapping was done using Quantum Geographic Information System Desktop version 3.18.3 based on open-source software. Results: Java Island has the highest distribution of health care facilities and receives treatment from the dentist. COVID-19 reached a peak in June–July 2021, and Java Island became the region with the highest incidence rate. Conclusion: The distribution of health care facilities and dental visits was in line with the spread of the COVID-19 virus in 34 provinces. Almost all treatments of oral health problems need a highspeed rotary instrument, which can be a source of transmission of this virus.

Generalized Behavior Framework for Mobile Robots Teaming With Humans in Harsh Environments.

Industrial contexts, typically characterized by highly unstructured environments, where task sequences are difficult to hard-code and unforeseen events occur daily (e.g., oil and gas, energy generation, aeronautics) cannot completely rely upon automation to substitute the human dexterity and judgment skills. Robots operating in these conditions have the common requirement of being able to deploy appropriate behaviours in highly dynamic and unpredictable environments, while aiming to achieve a more natural human-robot interaction and a broad range of acceptability in providing useful and efficient services. The goal of this paper is to introduce a deliberative framework able to acquire, reuse and instantiate a collection of behaviours that promote an extension of the autonomy periods of mobile robotic platforms, with a focus on maintenance, repairing and overhaul applications. Behavior trees are employed to design the robotic system’s high-level deliberative intelligence, which integrates: social behaviors, aiming to capture the human’s emotional state and intention; the ability to either perform or support various process tasks; seamless planning and execution of human-robot shared work plans. In particular, the modularity, reactiveness and deliberation capacity that characterize the behaviour tree formalism are leveraged to interpret the human’s health and cognitive load for supporting her/him, and to complete a shared mission by collaboration or complete take-over. By enabling mobile robotic platforms to take-over risky jobs which the human cannot, should not or do not want to perform the proposed framework bears high potential to significantly improve the safety, productivity and efficiency in harsh working environments.

KARAKTER PANCA PANDAWA DALAM EPOS MAHABARATA SEBAGAI PEDOMAN MENJADI PENYULUH AGAMA HINDU YANG BERKARAKTER

The existence of different views or beliefs will be difficult to avoid friction or conflict. Conflict of belief is a dynamic that occurs in people's lives in Indonesia. Religious instructors are very risky and important jobs in improving the quality of religious life in accordance with their beliefs and beliefs as well as increasing religious harmony in their respective fostered areas so that no more problems arise due to differences in views based on religion. An instructor must have a good character like the character of the Panca Pandavas in the Mahabharata epic, this character can be guided by Hindu religious instructors in carrying out their duties and functions. The epic Mahabharata is one of the stories contained in Itihasa about the journey of the Kuru people with the core story being in the conflict between the Panca Pandavas and the Kauravas. The Panca Pandavas themselves are children born from the incarnation of the gods with almost perfect characteristics. It is this trait that must be imitated by Hindu religious educators in order to become instructors who have characters such as wise characters, firm in their views, honest, brave, loyal, gentle, polite, patient, confident, obedient, steadfast, smart and thorough.