Risky Activities Research Articles

A Media Literacy Education Approach to Sexual Health Promotion: Immediate Effects of Media Aware on the Sexual Health Cognitions of Young Adult Community College Students

This study evaluates the efficacy of Media Aware, a comprehensive sex education program with a media literacy education approach, for improving sexual health cognitions among 1139 U.S. community college students (ages 18–19) from 23 campuses. Students were randomized to condition (intervention or delayed-intervention control) and completed pretest and posttest questionnaires. Several main effects of the intervention were found at posttest, including reduced perceived realism of media messages, positive attitudes about risky sex, and descriptive normative beliefs about unprotected and risky sexual activity, and increased self-efficacy to use dental dams. Gender and pretest levels moderated some intervention effects. Women in the intervention group reported less identification with media messages compared to women in the control group. Students in the intervention group who reported lower pretest levels of self-efficacy to use dental dams and to refuse unprotected sex had higher posttest levels on those outcomes as compared with the control group. Students in the intervention group who reported higher pretest levels of normative beliefs about risky sexual activity had lower posttest levels on those outcomes as compared with the control group. Results suggest that Media Aware is a promising method to improve the sexual health of young adults attending community college.

Risk analysis of adolescent sexual activity in college Surabaya, Indonesia: cross-sectional study

Adolescence is characterized by active sexual hormones that can lead to sexual urges with the opposite sex. These urges, in turn, may trigger risky sexual behavior. College students, in a transitional period from adolescence to early adulthood, exhibit diversity in addressing sexual activity. This research aimed to analyze the risks associated with adolescent sexual activity in a college in Surabaya, Indonesia. The study utilizes a cross-sectional design with accidental sampling of active students aged 18-24 years. The total number of participants in this study was 221 people who filled out a questionnaire in the form of a Google Form, distributed through social media. The results show that, among all the factors identified, dating status has a significant relationship with PR 11.688 (95%CI 5.048-27.061) in engaging in risky sexual activities among adolescents. Reproductive health education at the university level is needed to reduce risky sexual activities among students.

Predictive Model of Pedestrian Crashes Using Markov Chains in the City of Badajoz

Driving a vehicle, whether motorized or not, is a risky activity that can lead to a traffic accident and directly or indirectly affect all road users. In particular, road crashes involving pedestrians have caused the highest number of deaths and serious injuries in recent years. In order to prevent and reduce the occurrence of these types of traffic accidents and to optimize the use of the available resources of the administrations in charge of road safety, an updatable predictive model using Markov chains is proposed in this work. Markov chains are used in fields as diverse as hospital management or electronic engineering, but their application in the field of road safety is considered innovative. They are prediction and decision techniques that allow the estimation of the state of a given system by simulating its stochastic risk level. To carry out this study, the available information on traffic accidents involving pedestrians in the database of the Local Police of Badajoz (a medium-sized city in the southwest of Spain) in the period 2016 to 2023 were analyzed. These data were used to train a predictive model that was subsequently used to estimate the probability of occurrence of a traffic crash involving pedestrians in different areas of this city, information that could be used by the authorities to focus their efforts in those areas with the highest probability of a road crash occurring. This model can improve the identification of high-risk locations, and urban planners can optimize decision making in designing appropriate preventive measures and increase efficiency to reduce pedestrian crashes.

The party’s not over: Living situation, perceived party norms, and drinking games behavior among college students during the pandemic (COVID-19)

Objective: Playing drinking games (DGs) is a common, socially-interactive risky drinking activity. During the pandemic, many students either returned home to live with their parents or remained on campus. Because DGs often require social interaction, playing DGs in-person can increase students’ risk for COVID-19 exposure. Thus, we examined whether living situation and perceptions of one’s college/university as a party school increased risk for playing DGs in-person during a pandemic. Method: Students who reported recent alcohol use from 12 colleges/universities (n = 874; Mage = 19.38/SDage = 1.40; 75.6% White) completed self-report measures of alcohol use, DGs participation, demographics, and residential status in Fall 2020 to Spring 2021. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted. Results: Overall, 62.8% of students played DGs in-person during the pandemic. Those who lived with roommates were at increased risk compared to those who lived with parents. Conclusions: Given health risks of playing DGs in-person, targeted efforts may be warranted among at-risk students.

I slept with a man from the shopping center to get sugar and money in return: Survival strategies of left-behind children in rural Zimbabwe

Employing an in-depth phenomenological approach, this study explores the experiences of left-behind children residing with extended families in the Chivi district, Zimbabwe. Twelve participants, aged 13–19 years, were selected for this qualitative investigation. Through individual in-depth interviews, the children shared their insights on familial dynamics, revealing the nuanced nature of extended care arrangements. The key findings illuminate the participants’ profound reflections on the challenges of having been left behind and elucidate the psycho-emotional ramifications of parental separation. In addition, the study underscores risk survival strategies that left-behind children employ to navigate socioeconomic challenges within extended family settings, including engagement in transactional sex and risky mining activities. Participants expressed feelings of abandonment in comparison to their peers living with biological parents. Notably, the study reveals the significant resilience exhibited by left-behind children, who described various coping mechanisms such as journaling and reliance on religious practices. The study recommendations advocate for the enhancement of legal and policy frameworks to better safeguard the well-being of children in Zimbabwe’s strained extended family support system.

Racial Disparities in a Teen Pregnancy Prevention Program: Abstinence-Only Versus a Comprehensive Sexuality Education Program.

Despite overall declines in risky teen sexual activity, racial and ethnic disparities persist. This study compared abstinence-only and comprehensive teen pregnancy prevention (TPP) programs to explore the effects of the programs on teen sexual activity-related outcomes that may differ by race/ethnicity. Program evaluation data were collected from 7th-grade students in comprehensive (N = 3244) and abstinence-only (N = 3172) TPP programs. Differences between outcomes by TPP program were analyzed using chi-square tests and logistic regression for each racial/ethnic group. Black and Hispanic students were significantly less likely to indicate positive attitudes, intentions, and behaviors at baseline. Only white students significantly improved in both programs from pre- to post-assessment. Native American students in the abstinence-only program were significantly less likely than Native American students in the comprehensive sexuality programming to improve from pre- to post-assessment regarding male sexuality, refusal skills, sex and teen norms, and sexual abstinence. The findings suggest that youth of diverse racial/ethnic backgrounds do not enter TPP programs with similar attitudes, intentions, or behavior regarding appropriate sexual behavior and that the impact of such programs also may vary by race and ethnicity.

Flying Free? Risk and Regulation in Recreational Flying Trapeze

ABSTRACT Legal and regulatory theory has been fascinated by the relationship between law and other forms of regulation in a differentiated society. While some scholars have pointed out the benefits of local regulation, especially when managing the risks of modern society, others have seen regulation in Foucauldian terms as discipline, the dark underside of liberal society. Law, in a Foucauldian approach, is usually understood as another form of constraint. There have, however, been recent suggestions that an enabling law could contain possibilities for openness and agency – much like Foucault’s concept of ‘technologies of the self’. At the same time, sociologists have used the technologies of the self to describe voluntary risk-taking, or ‘edgework’, as a form of escape from the disciplinary society. In this article, I examine these possibilities by investigating the operation of law and regulatory techniques in flying trapeze. Recreational flying trapeze is the kind of risky activity that was facilitated by the enabling law of the 2002 tort reforms. Recreational flyers, who are usually women, appear to experience a moment of freedom. Yet flyers are subject to local regulations and their own practice of self-regulation. As such, this activity provides a practical opportunity for examining the intersection of law, regulation, and the technologies of the self, and considering what they mean for the possibilities and limitations of freedom.

The Lived Experiences and Well-Being of Female Partners Following Discovery or Disclosure of Their Male Partner’s Compulsive Sexual Behaviours: An Australian Phenomenological Study

Abstract Introduction There has been an upsurge of research articles in the last two decades about sexual addiction (SA) and compulsive sexual behaviour (CSB). In the literature, SA/CSB is mainly presented as comparable to other behavioural addictions and similarly involves a problematic consumption model: loss of control, psychosocial impairments, and risky sexual activities. Despite this recent rise in research interest in this area, only a small number of studies have focused on the partners’ lived experiences and well-being. Methods This qualitative descriptive phenomenological investigation aimed to examine female partners’ lived experiences and well-being following the discovery or disclosure of their male partners’ SA/CSB. Individual in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted (2020–2022) with primary participants (female partners; n = 12) and supplementary participants (counsellors; n = 15). Results The analysis reveals that this group has encountered several detrimental consequences of CSB-associated betrayal trauma (BT), including but not limited to suicidal thoughts and self-harm, compulsive self-comparisons with other women, physical and behavioural difficulties, and diminished self-esteem. Conclusions This empirical research is the first study in Australia to examine the voices and experiences of female partners upon learning of their mates’ CSBs. The findings contribute to the field of SA/CSB and enhance understanding of the multifarious consequences for the emotional, physical, sexual, spiritual and/or relational well-being of intimate female partners and their general outlook on life. Policy Implications Based on the results, there are strong indications with implications for policy that this population requires validation and multifaceted support systems to better navigate the challenging, complex, and stressful processes of discovery/disclosure and subsequent recovery.

Application of Earned Value Analysis Method and Earned Schedule Method to Time and Cost Control In Bank X Building Project

Construction projects are activities that must be completed within limited time and resources. This research aims to identify risky activities and make control efforts to reduce the level of hazard risk in the installation of steel box girder on the bridge. This research used a mixed methods approach, combining quantitative and qualitative methods. Data were collected through surveys and interviews with 60 respondents from 35 bridge projects. The results showed that there were 29 variables of work accident risk factors, including 3 variables with moderate risk levels, 24 variables with high risk levels, and 2 variables with extreme risk levels. The highest risk factors were mobilization that caused congestion and crane overturning during girder lifting that caused operators to fall. To reduce the risk level, efforts are made to ensure all work is done correctly, conduct regular safety inspections, and ensure an effective communication system in the installation of steel box girders on the bridge. The findings can serve as a basis for policy makers to develop better OHS regulations and guidelines, as well as provide valuable information for the development of more effective safety training programs for workers in the construction sector.

Motivational Enhancement System for Adherence for Adolescents and Young Adults Newly Recommended to Start Antiretroviral Therapy.

Adolescents and young adults (AYAs) (age 13-24 years) accounted for 20% of HIV diagnoses in the United States and 6 dependent areas in 2020. Optimal treatment adherence during adolescence and young adulthood decreases the pool of infectious individuals during the risky sexual activity commonly reported among AYAs living with HIV. Adolescents and young adults newly recommended to start antiretroviral therapy (ART) were recruited, nationally, from 7 clinical sites. At each clinical site, participants were randomized to receive a 2-session (baseline and 1 month) online intervention. For the Motivational Enhancement System for Health (MESA) intervention condition, based on the principles of motivational interviewing, participants received ART information and personalized feedback + ART standard of care (n = 86), while for the System for Health (SH) control condition, participants received information on healthy eating and physical activity + ART standard of care (n = 66). Adherence was 21% greater in the MESA intervention group compared with the SH control group at 6 months. In addition, the MESA intervention group was significantly more adherent during the postintervention, and was more likely to maintain viral suppression up to 12 months after initiating ART if both doses of the intervention were received compared with the SH control group. A brief, scalable online computer-delivered intervention shows promise for achieving long-term health outcomes because of improved adherence when intervention occurs early in the course of treatment. NCT02761746.

Urgency of Post-issuance Supervision of Environmental Approval for Risk Activities

Every human being has the right to live in a healthy and clean and healthy environment. The state guarantees this right in the state constitution. Starting from this, the purpose of this research is to find out and analyze the urgency of post-issuance supervision of environmental approval for risky business activities in Semarang Regency. The research method used in this research is juridical sociological, with descriptive analysis specifications. The data used is primary data and supported by secondary data with qualitative data analysis method. The results show that there is an urgency for post-issuance supervision of environmental approvals for risky business activities in Semarang Regency, carried out by the Semarang Regency Regional Environmental Supervisory Officer in 2022, considering that 56 (fifty-six) out of 94 (ninety-four) responsible persons for businesses and/or activities have committed violations, namely developing business activities that do not adjust the permit. The bigger the business, the greater the impact of environmental pollution and damage, so supervision becomes very urgent to avoid greater risks.

Dynamic Interplay of Online Risk and Resilience in Adolescence (DIORA): a protocol for a 12-month prospective observational study testing the associations among digital activity, affective and cognitive reactions and depression symptoms in a community sample of UK adolescents

IntroductionThe impact of digital activity on adolescent mental health has been difficult to assess because of methodological limitations and a lack of strong theory. Dynamic Interplay of Online Risk and...

Return to surfing following hip arthroplasty.

To date, no previous studies have explored return to surfing after hip arthroplasty. The objective of this study is to analyse return to a risky activity following hip arthroplasty. A retrospective chart review was conducted on all primary total hip arthroplasties (THA) and hip resurfacing arthroplasties (HRA) performed by the senior author from 2014 to 2021. Patients identified as surfers were contacted to complete a survey including surfing history and patient-reported outcomes. 83 hips in 67 patients were contacted. There were 66 THAs and 17 HRAs. 81 hips were performed through a posterior approach and 2 through an anterior approach. At an average of 67 months, there were no dislocations and no patients reported hip pain while surfing. Time to resume surfing was a median of 16 (range 8-144) weeks. Among 13 patients who did not return to surfing, 8 cited new lifestyle restrictions, 4 attributed it to other arthritic joints, and only 1 patient attributed their limitation to the replaced hip. This group had taken significantly more time off from surfing prior to surgery. Return to surfing following THA and HRA is common and safe in our study population with no complications and specifically no dislocations. Patients with other sites of arthritis and patients who have more extensive time away from surfing prior to surgery are less likely to return to sport. While surfing is clearly not without risk, patients can generally expect a high rate of successful return to surfing after hip arthroplasty.

Do risk disclosures enhance the efficacy of regulatory and supervisory frameworks in restricting banks’ risk-taking?

This study examines the impact of stringent regulatory and supervisory frameworks, as well as enhanced risk disclosure practices, on banks’ risk-taking behavior. We analyze a sample of banks from twelve European countries (Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom) over the period from 2000 to 2020. Our findings demonstrate a significant decrease in banks’ inclination to engage in risky behavior when they are subjected to strict regulatory and supervisory frameworks, alongside increased disclosure of risk management practices. Moreover, the implementation of comprehensive risk disclosures, as a supplementary tool for banking regulation and supervision, effectively reduces banks’ tendency to engage in risky activities. The results of our study remain robust across various checks conducted for each hypothesis.

‘The Body Carries the Border’ – A Somatechnical Approach to Borderscape Violence

In bio-/necropolitical accounts, the border penetrates and insists on, that is, transforms, the bodies of people on the move, marking the constitutive violence of sovereignty-based hospitality or hostility. What is largely conceptually neglected in such accounts, however, is the subversive and risky activity of people on the move who themselves are insisting on the border by outsmarting and transgressing it. Extensions of bio-/necropolitics focusing on the debilitating aspects of state violence show how the border extends beyond a liminal status that reproduces binaries – such as exclusion/inclusion, (non-)citizenship, and (il-)legality) – thereby enabling a recentring of people on the move as agents. This paper seeks to (re-)formulate the idea of a ‘border-as-assemblage’ by offering a somatechnical reading of border transgression. The body on the move forms part of this assemblage as it challenges and reproduces the border across different technoscapes. In particular, I focus on the scene of the forensic examination room where people on the move must prove their deservingness by exposing their bodies to a medicalising-moralising gaze. This scene forms the entrance point to a consideration of the somatechnical entanglements giving shape to the assemblage of the migrant body. I reflect also on how somatechnics could be mobilised to think the body as a potential site of struggle against this (physically and epistemically) violent objectification and, in so doing, offer new perspectives on border resistance through refusal and as claim to opacity.

The impact of increased risk on civil liability for property damage

In the article, the author substantiates the expediency of liability even in the absence of fault for damage caused by activities or objects that carry an increased risk of causing property damage to other subjects. It is noted that civil legislation consists mainly of norms aimed at positive regulation, establishing the rules of lawful behavior. The will and awareness of the fulfillment of duties, laid down in the norms of civil legislation, are directed precisely at lawful behavior. The will and awareness as prerequisites for the entry of persons into the civil circulation determine legal regulation and give the behavior of persons, in accordance with the established norm, legal significance. The possibility of choice, which a person realizes in the permitted activity, is connected with the will. In turn, choice is often directly or relatively based on risk as an element of decision making. In the course of the study, a conclusion was formed that in accordance with the distributive manifestation of the principle of justice of tort liability in civil law (distributive justice), the distribution of burdens and benefits of useful, but risky types of activities should take place as follows. The one who receives the benefits and has to bear the burden is the price of co-existence in the social world. It is unfair if the subject of risky activity will transfer the burden of loss from such activity to the victims, leaving only the benefit behind. Normative ascertainment in a number of cases of no-fault liability is dictated precisely by the just desire to restore the violated property sphere of the victim at the expense of the person who caused the damage, who risked engaging in an activity that creates an increased danger for others, and who was aware that the implementation of this activity could lead to accidental damage. It should be noted that the above-mentioned arguments for the implementation of the principle of justice, according to which «the one who increases the danger for those present above the usual level through his activities, must also bear responsibility for this increase», are also relevant in the course of defining other types of special torts. Particularly in cases of civil liability in the field of providing medical services. A certain medical activity carried out using X-ray or laser devices, to a large extent, always contains an increased risk of unforeseen complications due to the impossibility of full control over it by medical professionals; therefore it is quite appropriate to attribute such activity to the source of increased danger.

Parents’ Perception of Risk in Play: Associations with Parent and Child Gender

Allowing children the opportunity to take risks in their play may provide learning experiences that benefit children’s health and well-being. Parents’ perception of risk in children’s play may affect their behaviour and, in turn, their child’s risk-taking opportunities. This paper examines whether parent and child gender are associated with parents’ perceptions of risk in children’s play and whether any gender differences hold after controlling for parent anxiety. Data were collected from 88 parent dyads who were parents to preschool-aged children in England. Parent gender differences were found, with mothers perceiving greater risk in children’s risky play activities than fathers. Child gender was not significantly related to parents’ perception of risk. These findings are important for informing the development of programmes and advice designed to encourage parents to support their children’s outdoor, risky play. Specifically, they indicate that, for mothers in particular, support around perceiving risk and risk-reframing might help parents to give their child the opportunity to play in this way.

Analysis of the Institutional Risk of The Halal Supply Chain in The Potato Chips Micro Scale using The SCOR Methods

Abstract The agropolitan city of Batu is ready to boost the number of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) each year through its flagship product, potato chips. Throughout the supply chain, potato chips can change from halal to non-halal due to contamination by non-halal materials, production processes that do not comply with halal criteria (SJPH), and no separation of halal and non-halal products during storage and distribution. This research aims to illustrate institutional risks in the halal supply chain for the potato chip MSME cluster using the SCOR method. SSOP and GMP are added to strengthen the analysis. Key actors in the halal supply chain institution include suppliers, manufacturers, and retailers. The study identifies several risky activities that threaten the halal integrity of potato chip products. Using the SCOR method for risk mapping in the halal supply chain institution resulted in 69 risk events and 70 risk agents. The potential risks in the halal supply chain for potato chips occur mainly at the manufacturer level (70% of the total risk events). They are most prevalent in the production process variable. The majority of risk agents in micro-scale businesses are related to the implementation of PPH, SJPH, SSOP, and food safety.

Effectiveness of Outreach and Assistance on the Quality of Female Sex Workers' Reproductive Health Care

Female sex workers (FSWs) are women who rent themselves out for the enjoyment of others and expect a reward or wage. PSPs are women who work daily by selling or renting their bodies, either directly, indirectly or freelance. This work certainly has an impact on their reproductive health, because this profession involves risky sexual activities. Risky sexual activity is any sexual activity that has a negative impact, such as unwanted pregnancy, abortion and sexually transmitted infections. The purpose of this study is to conduct outreach and assistance for FSWs to prevent sexually transmitted infections. The research method used design with a cross-sectional approach. Subjects in the Rainbow Foundation of Maluku Ambon assisted community. The results of this study show that outreach and assistance programs are very effective in efforts to prevent sexually transmitted infections among female sex workers.

Longitudinal associations between positive parenting and youths’ engagement in sexting behaviors: The mediating role of filial self-efficacy beliefs

Youths who enter emerging adulthood with a background of familial relations grounded in positive parent-child interactions are better equipped to cope with transitional stressors, to voice effectively their opinions with parents, and to resist engaging in risky activities. However, little is known about the longitudinal associations between positive parenting, filial self-efficacy beliefs and youths' engagement in sexting behaviors. This study examined if positive parenting (mothers' and fathers' reports at children ages 13, 14, and 15) were related to youths' engagement in sexting behaviors (child's reports at age 19) both directly and indirectly, through adolescents perceived filial self-efficacy beliefs (child's reports at age 18). Participants included 194 Italian children (MAgeAtTime1 = 13.54, 52.6% girls), their mothers (n = 193), and fathers (n = 150), who provided data across five waves over seven years. The mediation model was tested through a path analysis. Overall, results showed that, controlling for child gender and family SES, the effect of positive parenting on sexting behaviors was fully mediated by higher levels of perceived filial self-efficacy beliefs. The study reveals filial self-efficacy beliefs as central to the benefits conveyed to teens by parents in reducing their sexting behaviors.