Risk Of Root Resorption Research Articles

Orthodontic tooth movement through regenerative sites: A 25-year systematic review

This systematic review aimed to investigate the efficacy of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) through bone regenerated with osteoconductive grafts, together with the risk of root resorption (RR), in relation to the material and the timing of force initiation. Following PRISMA-ScR guidelines, three major electronic databases were searched (PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane). Only studies which reported on the primary outcome (OTM rate) were included. Investigations with fewer than 3 participants/groups and an absence of controls were excluded. The final sample consisted of 16 randomized and controlled clinical trials. Among them, 9 reported on RR (the secondary outcome). The articles showed substantial heterogeneity and low-moderate quality. Most studied OTM through alloplasts (7) and xenografts (8), 3 addressed allografts, 3 autografts and 6 analyzed 2 grafts. Timing for force initiation varied from 0 to 13 weeks post-grafting. Based on limited evidence, it can be cautiously concluded that most graft materials have either no impact or slightly impair OTM, with no significant increase in RR. Xenografts might impede OTM and increase RR risk. The optimal timing for force application depends on the state of bone healing. Future studies are mandatory for deciding on the ideal graft and timing for optimal OTM in each clinical setup.

Effects of premolar extraction and orthodontic treatment in adolescents - a retrospective cephalometric study

Objectives To evaluate the cephalometric effects of premolar extraction on skeletal and dental parameters, and on the soft tissues, in patients subsequently treated with fixed appliances. Prevalence and severity of external apical root resorption due to premolar extraction were also examined. Materials and methods The dental records of 79 patients treated with fixed appliances were retrieved (groups: extraction, n = 19; non-extraction, n = 60). Pre- and post-treatment statuses of skeletal, dentoalveolar, and soft tissue variables were analyzed on lateral cephalograms to determine change. Periapical radiographs of the maxillary incisors were assessed for external apical root resorption using the Levander & Malmgren index. The t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, chi-squared test, and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to analyze the data. Significance was set at p < .05. Results Changes in the protrusion and proclination of the incisors and in lip position were significantly different between the groups. Prevalence of external apical root resorption in the two groups was similar. Conclusions Our findings suggest that extraction therapy affects dentoalveolar traits but not jaw position, nor the risk of root resorption, in patients treated with fixed appliances

Three-dimensional assessment of the favorability of maxillary posterior teeth intrusion in different skeletal classes limited by the vertical relationship with the maxillary sinus floor

BackgroundUnderstanding the anatomical relationship between the maxillary sinus floor (MSF) and the posterior maxillary teeth (PMT) is important when planning the orthodontic intrusion of the posterior teeth. This study aimed to determine the vertical relationship between posterior maxillary teeth and maxillary sinus floor in different skeletal classes in the Chinese adult population.MethodsThis is a retrospective cross-sectional study involved cone beam computed tomography images of 298 adult patients (145 males and 153 females) between 20 and 45 years old. The sample was categorized according to A point, Nasion, B point (ANB) angle into 102 Class I, 102 Class II, and 94 Class III malocclusion. Non-parametric Wilcoxon Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis tests were used to compare the studied groups. The Intra-class Correlation Coefficient (ICC) was used to assess the intra- and inter-observer reliability analysis.ResultsOverall, there was a statistically significant difference in the mean distance between both genders (P < 0.001). The measured distance increased with age in all posterior tooth roots (P < 0.001). The root apex in the sagittal view appeared to be closer to the maxillary sinus than in the coronal view; 2.2 ± 4.3 and 3.1 ± 5.5 mm, respectively. The most frequent root scores were Type 1 and Type 2P. In both sagittal and coronal views, Class I demonstrated a higher Type 2P prevalence, whereas Class III showed a lower prevalence. The second molars’ mesiobuccal root had the largest number of penetration in the three examined skeletal classes.ConclusionsMaxillary molars of Class I malocclusion with the majority of Type 2P root-sinus relationship have the highest possible risk of root resorption during molar intrusion due to cortical bone encroachment, while Class III malocclusion showed the least possible risk.

Wilckodontics-an interdisciplinary periodontics-orthodontic approach to accelerate orthodontic treatment time: a literature review

Objective: Orthodontic treatment is the longest dental procedure performed. To accelerate tooth movement, orthodontists and periodontists have developed a new technique, termed Wilckodontics or periodontal accelerated osteogenic orthodontics. This technique combines selective alveolar corticotomy techniques, particulate bone grafts, and orthodontic force. This review aims to discuss the concepts and technique of Wilckodontics as a combination of interdisciplinary treatment. Methods: An internet-based search was conducted to identify various literatures discussing Wilckodontics using several keywords. Results: Wilcko-dontics can accelerate tooth movement in adult patients and shorten treatment time. Compared with conventional orthodontic treatment, this technique shows advantages in terms of treatment cycle and treatment effect. In addition, the Wilckodontics does not increase the risk of root resorption, periodontium injury, and alveolar bone defects. Conclusion: Wilckodontics re-quires various diagnostic parameters and modification of the procedure. With the right synergy of orthodontist and periodon-tist, successful treatment can be achieved.

Endodontics-orthodontics interrelationship: a review.

The endodontic-orthodontic interface is not well understood due to the limited scientific literature on the topic. This article aims to provide an overview of the orthodontic treatment and the risk of root resorption, the effects of orthodontic tooth movement on dental pulp and endodontically treated teeth, the role of orthodontics in endodontic-restorative treatment planning, and interdisciplinary patient management. Articles published in English from 1982 to 2021 were searched manually from google scholar using keywords ‘endodontic-orthodontic interface’ and ‘endodontic-orthodontic interrelationship’. Another search engine was MEDLINE/PubMed database using keywords ‘endodontics AND orthodontics’, ‘orthodontic tooth movement AND dental pulp’, 'orthodontic tooth movement AND endodontic treatment' and ‘orthodontics AND dental trauma’. Other relevant articles were obtained from the references of the selected papers. Alterations to the dental pulp following orthodontic tooth movement can be histologic and/or cell biological reactions as well as the increased response threshold to pulp sensibility tests. However, the occurrence of root resorption is complex and multifactorial, and can be linked to individual variation, genetic predisposition and orthodontic treatment-related factors. Endodontically treated teeth can move as readily and respond similarly to orthodontic forces as vital teeth, however with inadequate endodontic treatment, the risk of apical inflammation and bone destruction following orthodontic tooth movement is increased. Dental treatment that involves endodontic and orthodontic specialities should be carefully planned according to the individual case, taking into consideration the skills and experience of the clinicians while applying interdisciplinary patient management and available scientific data.

Accelerated orthodontics

Orthodontic treatment is possibly, in terms of duration, the lengthiest dental procedure performed. Lengthy orthodontic treatment prompts many patients, especially adults, to either avoid treatment or to seek shorter alternative solutions with compromised results. Extended orthodontic treatment duration may also be associated with an increased risk of root resorption, periodontal disease, dental caries and loss of patient motivation. Accelerating orthodontic tooth movement has long been desired for its multiple potential benefits including shorter treatment duration, improved post treatment stability and reducing side effects associated with prolonged treatment. When an orthodontic force is delivered to a tooth certain mechanical, chemical, and cellular events take place within the paradental tissues resulting in architectural alterations that bring about tooth movement. By increasing body's response to the orthodontic forces, tooth movement can be accelerated and treatment time can be reduced. Attempts to accelerate tooth movement date back to the 1890s; almost contemporary with Angle's groundbreaking work in modern orthodontics. Today, accelerated orthodontics may be accomplished by several approaches that include invasive, minimally invasive and non-invasive procedures. Invasive approach includes interseptal alveolar surgery and corticotomy while minimal invasive methods include modifications of surgical procedure such as peizocision, corticision and microosteoperforations.

Comparative evaluation of Stainless-steel wires and brackets coated with nanoparticles of Chitosan or Zinc oxide upon friction: An in vitro study

The present study was performed to affirm surface characterization, as well as to compare the effect of coating of stainless-steel (SS) orthodontic brackets and wires by nanoparticles Chitosan (CTS) or Zinc oxide (ZnO) during friction. Seventy SS brackets for the upper right central incisors with a 0.022-inch system and seventy 0.019×0.025-inch SS rectangular wires, with and without ZnO and CTS nanoparticle coating, were used. Coating was analysed by SEM. A universal testing machine was used to calculate the friction between the wires and brackets. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's tests. Significant differences were detected between coated and uncoated wires and brackets for friction with either ZnO or CTS nanoparticles. The mean values of the wires and brackets coated with ZnO and CTS nanoparticles were 0.64±0.24N and 0.85±0.23N, respectively, while they were 1.79±0.61N for the uncoated group. In addition, there was a significant decrease of about 64% and 53% found after coating with ZnO and CTS nanoparticles, respectively. The results of CTS nanoparticle coating were consistent with those of ZnO nanoparticles. Friction force decreased significantly after coating of CTS or ZnO nanoparticles. These nanoparticles provide an opportunity to reduce friction during tooth movement, resulting in better anchorage control, reduced treatment time and risk ofroot resorption.

Dense bone islands in pediatric patients: a case series study

BackgroundDense Bone Islands (DBIs) are anatomic variants defined as radiopaque lesions consisting of hamartomatous cortical bone, often presenting as incidental radiographic findings. DBIs can also be known as idiopathic osteosclerosis, bone whorl, focal periapical osteopetrosis, bone scar and enostosis. We found a paucity of literature for management and reporting of this condition in children. For this reason, the authors describe sixteen cases of children and adolescents with dense bony islands and suggest a pathway for management.Case seriesCases presented to the RNENT and Eastman Dental Hospital or private practice, either as chance findings or for diagnosis and treatment planning of undiagnosed radiopaque areas. The individuals were aged between 10 and 17 years; 6 boys and 10 girls. All radiographic reports described DBIs. Diagnoses were confirmed by a Dental and Maxillofacial Radiology Consultant and advised no intervention. In some cases, monitoring was advised. Caution in orthodontic tooth movement was advised for five patients.ConclusionDBIs are common findings that seldom require treatment; however, caution should be exercised when undertaking orthodontic movement in the area of a DBI due to a potential risk of root resorption. Accurate identification and multidisciplinary management are of utmost importance.

Root Resorption of Endodontically Treated Teeth Following Orthodontic Treatment: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background:Root resorption is an unwanted phenomenon occurring in a substantial population proportion these days. Hence, the current study was conducted to evaluate root resorption in endodontically treated teeth following fixed orthodontic treatment.Materials and Methods:A total of 100 patients were enrolled. Only those patients were enrolled that were scheduled to undergo fixed orthodontic therapy. Pretreatment examination was done in all the patients, and their radiographs were obtained. Both orthopantomograms and peri-apical radiographs were taken. All the patients were recalled on follow-up, and radiographic examination was again carried out. Pretreatment radiographs and follow-up radiographs were compared. The incidence of root resorption was documented. The data were entered in an Excel sheet (Microsoft office version 2007) and analyzed using IBM SPSS software version 20.Results:Root resorption was present in 30 patients. Among these 30 patients, 20 were male, whereas 10 were female. In 19 patients, root resorption was present in the maxillary arch, whereas in 11 patients, it was seen in the mandibular arch. The most common tooth involved with root resorption was premolars, followed by anteriors and molars.Conclusion:The risk of root resorption is higher in endodontically treated teeth under the influence of orthodontic forces.

An Innovative Approach for Accelerated Orthodontic Tooth Movement Stimulated by Corticotomy and Alveolar Grafting withAutogenous Demineralized Dentin Graft of Extracted Premolar- A Case Report

In today's era, there is an increased demand for orthodontic treatment, especially among young patients. The greatest concern amongst the patients undergoing orthodontic treatment is the increased treatment time. The fixed orthodontic treatment lasts up to 2 to 3 years which further increases the risk of complications associated with the treatment such as external root resorption, periodontal problems, and patient compliance [1]. Clinicians are constantly striving towards developing strategies to enhance the rate of orthodontic tooth movement and decreasing the treatment time. Numerous surgical modalities found to be highly effective in reducing the treatment time for orthodontic therapy include corticotomy, corticision, peizocision, periodontal distraction, dentoalveolar distraction etc. [2]. Wilcko et al. [3] introduced the combined approach corticotomy surgery with alveolar grafting in a technique referred to as Accelerated Osteogenic Orthodontics (AOO) and recently known as Periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics (PAOO). Many studies dictated that PAOO is an extremely predictable, safe, effective technique. The risk of root resorption and the duration of treatment time is considerably reduced [3-5]. The present article focuses on accelerating the orthodontic tooth movement using a Demineralized dentin matrix (DDM) graft, alloplast and PRF membranes to reduce the treatment time and improves soft and hard tissue healing outcomes.

Effect of VEGF on the Success of Dental Tissue Regeneration in Delayed Replantation of Avulsed Teeth

Background: Avulsion of tooth constitutes an emergency case in dental management. It accounts 1%–16% of all traumatic tooth injuries. Avulsed tooth required immediate treatment and all efforts must be oriented to restore periodontal attachment and blood supplement to surrounding structures. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent angiogenic and vasculogenic factor that affects dental pulp and periodontal repair. The study was designed to investigate the effect of exogenous application of VEGF on regeneration of dental tissue in delayed replantation of avulsed tooth in rats. Methods: Twenty-four adult male Wistar rats were used in this study, 12 rats with replanted of avulsed incisors without treatment, others replanted in their treated sockets with 0.5 µl VEGF. Histological and histomorphometric analysis were done at periods (21 and 45 days) postoperatively to estimate repaired cementum, periodontal ligament attachment and percentage of resorbed area. Results: Histomorphometric analysis reported that replanted avulsed tooth with VEGF application showed lower areas of root resorption and ankylosis in comparison to control group with a significant difference value (p > 0.05). Histological assessment showed reattachment of periodontal ligament with obvious angiogenesis in experimental group. Conclusion: The risk of root resorption, ankylosis and subsequent tooth loss is minimized by using VEGF in delayed replantation of avulsed tooth. How to Cite this Article Pubmed Style Al-khafaji LK, Ali ML, Shaalan AH, Al-hijazi AY. of VEGF on the Success of Dental Tissue Regeneration in Delayed Replantation of Avulsed Teeth. SRP. 2020; 11(10): 160-164. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.10.27 Web Style Al-khafaji LK, Ali ML, Shaalan AH, Al-hijazi AY. of VEGF on the Success of Dental Tissue Regeneration in Delayed Replantation of Avulsed Teeth. http://www.sysrevpharm.org/?mno=12641 [Access: March 30, 2021]. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.10.27 AMA (American Medical Association) Style Al-khafaji LK, Ali ML, Shaalan AH, Al-hijazi AY. of VEGF on the Success of Dental Tissue Regeneration in Delayed Replantation of Avulsed Teeth. SRP. 2020; 11(10): 160-164. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.10.27 Vancouver/ICMJE Style Al-khafaji LK, Ali ML, Shaalan AH, Al-hijazi AY. of VEGF on the Success of Dental Tissue Regeneration in Delayed Replantation of Avulsed Teeth. SRP. (2020), [cited March 30, 2021]; 11(10): 160-164. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.10.27 Harvard Style Al-khafaji, L. K., Ali, . M. L., Shaalan, . A. H. & Al-hijazi, . A. Y. (2020) of VEGF on the Success of Dental Tissue Regeneration in Delayed Replantation of Avulsed Teeth. SRP, 11 (10), 160-164. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.10.27 Turabian Style Al-khafaji, Lobna K, Mukhaled L Ali, Ammar H. Shaalan, and Athraa Y Al-hijazi. 2020. of VEGF on the Success of Dental Tissue Regeneration in Delayed Replantation of Avulsed Reviews in Pharmacy, 11 (10), 160-164. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.10.27 Chicago Style Al-khafaji, Lobna K, Mukhaled L Ali, Ammar H. Shaalan, and Athraa Y Al-hijazi. Effect of VEGF on the Success of Dental Tissue Regeneration in Delayed Replantation of Avulsed Teeth. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy 11 (2020), 160-164. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.10.27 MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style Al-khafaji, Lobna K, Mukhaled L Ali, Ammar H. Shaalan, and Athraa Y Al-hijazi. Effect of VEGF on the Success of Dental Tissue Regeneration in Delayed Replantation of Avulsed Teeth. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy 11.10 (2020), 160-164. Print. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.10.27 APA (American Psychological Association) Style Al-khafaji, L. K., Ali, . M. L., Shaalan, . A. H. & Al-hijazi, . A. Y. (2020) of VEGF on the Success of Dental Tissue Regeneration in Delayed Replantation of Avulsed Reviews in Pharmacy, 11 (10), 160-164. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.10.27

Designing a mandibular advancement device with topology optimization for a partially edentulous patient

Statement of problemPatients with partial tooth loss treated with implant-supported fixed partial dentures (FPDs) have difficulty using conventional mandibular advancement devices (MADs) because of the risk of side effects. Also, which design factors affect biomechanical stability when designing MADs with better stability is unclear. PurposeThe purpose of this finite element (FE) analysis study was to analyze the effect of the MAD design on biomechanical behavior and to propose a new design process for improving the stability of MADs. Material and methodsEach 3D model consisted of the maxillofacial bones, teeth, and implant-supported FPDs located in the left tooth loss area from the first premolar to the second molar and a MAD. Three types of custom-made MADs were considered: a complete-coverage MAD covering natural tooth-like conventional MADs, a shortened MAD excluding the coverage on the implant-supported FPD, and a newly designed MAD without anterior coverage. For the new MAD design, topology optimization was conducted to reduce the stress exerted on the teeth and to improve retention of the MAD. The new MAD design was finished by excluding the coverage of the maxillary and mandibular central incisors based on the results of the topology optimization. A mandibular posterior restorative force for a protrusion amount of 40% was used as the loading condition. The principal stress and pressure of the cancellous bone and periodontal ligaments (PDLs) were identified. ResultsConsidering the load concentration induced by the complete-coverage MAD, bone resorption risk and root resorption risk were observed at both ends of the mandibular teeth. The shortened MAD resulted in the highest stress concentration and pressure with the worst stability. However, in the case of the complete-coverage MAD, the pressure in the PDLs was reduced to the normal range, and the risk of root resorption was reduced. ConclusionsFor patients with implant-supported FPDs, MAD designs with different extents of coverage had an influence on biomechanical behavior in terms of stress distribution in cancellous bone and PDLs. A MAD design without anterior coverage provided improved stability compared with complete-coverage or shortened designs. The presented method for MAD design, which combined FE analysis and topology optimization, could be effectively applied in the design of such improved MADs.

Surgical extrusion: A reliable technique for saving compromised teeth. A 5-years follow-up case report

Aim: To present a long term follow up clinical case in which a compromised anterior tooth was saved by a surgical extrusion procedure. Summary: Although different techniques have been suggested for clinical crown lengthening in the anterior zone, some of them have limitations in terms of aesthetics and procedural requirements. The current case report demonstrates how a simplified surgical extrusion procedure was successfully performed for saving a severely damaged anterior tooth; furthermore, it is possible to apply the technique described in this case using minimum and simple armamentarium like a scalpel, elevators, forceps and splinting flexible cord. Key-learning points: Saving severely compromised anterior teeth is possible by applying surgical extrusion techniques when crown-root ratio allows it. Risk of root resorption or ankylosis is minimum.

Apical Resorption of Upper Incisors and Canines During Orthodontic Treatment in Class III Orthognathic Surgery Patients – a Longitudinal Cone Beam Computer Tomography Study

Summary Introduction. Although severe root resorption is rare, it is a side effect of orthodontic treatment which affects tooth prognosis. Patients with severe dentofacial deformity, for whom orthodontic treatment and orthognathic surgery was done at the age of 18 and later, had long duration orthodontic treatment and orthognathic surgery, and are at a high risk of root resorption. The impact of orthognathic surgery on root resorption has not been sufficiently studied, and therefore is an interesting topic to research. Aim of the Study. To identify the risk factors for apical root resorption of maxillary incisors and canines as a result of orthodontic and surgical treatment of Class III malocclusion involving LeFort I osteotomy. Material and methods. The root lengths of upper incisors and canines were measured on cone beam computer tomography (CBCT) scans obtained from a database of orthognathic surgery patients. As a criteria for root resorption was chosen the difference in root lengths between different time points. The measurements were performed using the scans taken before orthodontic treatment (T1), before surgery (T2), and after post surgery orthodontic treatment (T3), of 28 subjects, aged 20.5 ± 3.81 years, with the mean presurgery treatment time of 19.9 ± 8.8 months, and post-surgery time of 7.1 ± 3.1 months. Changes in root lengths during different time spans were correlated with treatment duration, the initial crown/root ratio, and the severity of dentofacial deformity (Wits appraisal, ANB angle, and overjet). Results. During T1 - T2 the roots of the lateral incisors shortened by a maximum of 0.78 ± 0.83 mm (p &lt; 0.001), at a rate of 0.04 mm per month. During T2 - T3 the lengths of the central incisor roots decreased most by 0.49 ± 0.52 (p &lt; 0.001) at a rate of 0.07 mm per month. The resorption speed for canines increased from 0.03 mm to 0.1 mm per month before and after surgery. There were statistically significant correlations between the crown-root ratio and the incisor root length (r = 0.319 for lateral and r = 303 for central, both p&lt;0,05) and for canines (r = 482, p&lt;0.01). The associations between the shortened root length, in different time spans for different teeth, and the severity of malocclusion were inconsistent. Conclusions. Overall, the shortened root length during combined orthodontic and surgical treatment might not be clinically significant. After surgery, the rate of root resorption (mm per month) increased, especially for canines. The teeth with initially shorter roots showed more resorption during treatment.

Surgical-Orthodontic Management of Mandibular Hypoplasia with Severely Short-Rooted Dentition Secondary to Anti-Leukemic Treatment: A Case Report

Major advances in anti-leukemic treatment have increased a significant number of pediatric cancer survivors over the past few decades. Such treatment in children is also reported to cause abnormal dentofacial development including a significant mandibular hypoplasia, dental anomalies, and severely short-rooted dentition. These problems, despite a becoming both functional and psychosocial problems, are often neglected as many clinician’s lack experience in managing them. They are exacerbated by the fact that orthodontic treatments can potentially cause further root shortening. Therefore, a special consideration to minimize a risk of root resorption must be given when an orthodontic treatment plan is formulated for these patients. We report a unique treatment approach employed on a 14-year-old male patient with severe dentofacial abnormalities secondary to anti-leukemic treatment. Treatment goals were to correct dental malocclusion, optimize facial balance, and also prevent further root shortening. A treatment plan combining orthodontics, orthognathic surgery, and use of temporary anchorage devices, was developed so that light orthodontic forces could be used throughout the course of treatment. Consequently, the lighter force reduced the risk of potential root resorption. The final outcome demonstrates that the surgical-orthodontic approach optimizes facial and occlusal changes while minimizing further root resorption.

Corticotomy-assisted orthodontic treatment. A systematic review of the biological basis and clinical effectiveness.

Objectives:To systematically review the literature to assess the quality of evidence related to corticotomy-assisted orthodontic treatment (CAOT) as adjunctive treatment in orthodontics.Methods:The study was conducted in the Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia between 2013 and 2014. Various electronic databases were searched and abstracts were retrieved. Defined inclusion criteria were then applied to the obtained original articles for further evaluation by 2 examiners independently. The criteria of selection included human, or animal studies, which assessed some aspects of CAOT and/or the biological principles behind it. Case reports and series were excluded. The quality of the studies was evaluated by the methodological score for clinical trials developed.Results:Fourteen articles were retrieved initially, but only 12 articles were finally selected for the study. The CAOT was found to accelerate tooth movement by 2-2.5 folds when compared with conventional orthodontic tooth movement. The CAOT was found safe on periodontal health and exhibits no or little risk of root resorption. A localized turnover of alveolar spongiosa and the absence of a hyalinized zone was the acceptable biological explanation of CAOT. There is no evidence to support that CAOT enhances the movement of ankylosed teeth, closing old extraction sites, post-orthodontic stability, or transverse expansion.Conclusions:Corticotomy-assisted orthodontic treatment should be considered with caution. Long term randomized clinical trials are still needed.

Root Resorption of Maxillary Incisors caused by Bilaterally Impacted Canines: An Evaluation by Cone-Beam Computed Tomography

ABSTRACT When root resorption of incisors occurs due to impaction of maxillary canines, several factors interfere in the treatment plan, such as the location and severity of root resorption, canine position, lack of space and dental development stage. The case of severe root resorption of permanent maxillary incisors caused by bilaterally impacted permanent maxillary canines and its multidisciplinary therapeutic approach in a 12-year-old girl is presented. After clinical and imaging examination, a treatment plan was outlined including preservation of primary canines, extraction of the permanent maxillary right canine and permanent maxillary left lateral incisor followed by its replacement with the orthodontically tractioned permanent canine and esthetic restoration of the permanent maxillary anterior teeth. One year after treatment, the result was satisfactory and the remaining teeth were still asymptomatic. The risk of root resorption in children with impacted permanent maxillary canines should not be neglected thus reducing subsequent complications. How to cite this article de Campos Neves ATS, Volpato LER, Oliveira TM, Palma VC, Tonetto MR, Bandeca MC, Borges AH. Root Resorption of Maxillary Incisors caused by Bilaterally Impacted Canines: An Evaluation by Cone-Beam Computed Tomography. World J Dent 2014;5(1):67-71.

Importance of root development in autotransplantations: a retrospective study of 137 teeth with a follow-up period varying from 1 week to 14 years

The aim of the present study was to perform a retrospective study of autotransplanted teeth with a variable but individually maximized follow-up period in order to provide information on the long-term clinical outcome. The sample was obtained from patients who were treated at the University Hospitals KU-Leuven, Belgium, during the period 1996-2010. Of the total of 109 subjects (137 teeth), 98 patients were invited for recall, of whom 68 patients (87 teeth) responded positively. Eleven out of the 109 patients were excluded due to loss of the transplanted tooth. Although 41 patients had no re-examination visit, clinical and radiological data from all 109 subjects were included in the sample. The follow-up period varied from 1 week of 14.8 years, with a mean of 4.9 years. Transplanted teeth receiving orthodontic treatment had a lower risk of ankylosis and were less likely to fail. The risk of root resorption was lower for teeth with stages one-half to three-quarters of root length at the time of transplantation. Molars were more susceptible to ankylosis. Almost all teeth showed partial or full obliteration of the pulp. Absence of further root development was higher in donor teeth with root length stage less than one-half. Trans-alveolar transplantation was less successful. Autotransplantation can be a valid alternative method in young adolescents for replacing missing teeth because of agenesis or trauma. The optimal time to transplant is when the root has reached two-thirds to three-quarters of the final root length.

Evaluation of the mechanical stress on root from orthodontic tooth movement by sliding mechanics- a three-dimensional finite element analysis

Background and objectives This finite element study was conducted to calculate the distribution of stresses on root surfaces when an orthodontic force of 2N was applied at different degrees namely 0 30 and 45 degrees to the horizontal plane.Methods An in-vitro finite element method was used to construct a three dimensional finite element model of a mandibular arch without first premolars according to values given by Wheelers standard dental anatomy book using ANSYS 12 finite element software. Mechanical properties like Youngs modulus of elasticity and Poissons ratio were assigned to the model. To this model an orthodontic force was applied at various degrees on the crown of the tooth model. After the application of the forces initial stress on the root surface of mandibular anterior teeth was evaluated.Results The greatest amount of the maximum level of stress was found at the cervical margin of the PDL of all the tooth roots while the maximum stresses was highest at the root crest region of the canine. Bodily movement and tipping forces produce stress concentrated at the alveolar crest and not at the root apex.Interpretation and conclusion Clinical implications of this study suggested that if the clinician is concerned about placing an implant as anchorage for sliding mechanics to close dental arch spacethere is the same risk of root resorption after loading of force of 2N at 0 30 and 45 degree from the horizontal level.

LASER ASSISTED TOOTH REPLANTATION - CASE REPORT

Although intentional replantation for extraoral treatment is a solution for complicated endodontic cases, it is accompanied with risk of root resorption which is most likely due to extraction trauma and infected remnants. Laser therapies have long been proved for bactericidal and biostimulation effects. In the present case, a pulpitis combined severe periodontal destruction molar was extracted with an Er:YAG laser for thorough degranulation and disinfection. Before the extraction and right after the treatment, low level laser therapy (LLLT) with 810nm diode was applied for biostimulation. Patient reported no post operative pain after laser treatment. Clinical follow-up showed uneventful healing, and excellent bone regeneration. The Er:YAG laser coupled with low level laser therapy (810 nm diode) has shown to assist and improve intentional replantation in disinfection procedure, and it may preserve more vital cells and enhance bioregeneration for less operative pain and better healing.