Risk Of Prehypertension Research Articles

Household fuel use and the regression from prehypertension to normotension among Chinese middle-aged and older adults: a cohort study.

To examine the association of household fuel use with prehypertension regression among middle-aged and older people based on the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), we included a total of 3501 participants with prehypertension at baseline, and they were followed up from 2011-2012 to 2015-2016 with information on blood pressure and household solid fuel use (heating and cooking fuels). Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to explore the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) between fuel use and prehypertension regression. Additionally, we investigated the impact of switching fuels (2011-2013) on the regression to normotension during the 4-year follow-up. Linear regression was used to examine the effect of household fuel use on changes in blood pressure. Compared to solid fuel users, those who used clean fuel for heating at baseline had a positive effect on the regression of prehypertension (HR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.08-1.53). Participants who used clean fuels for both heating and cooking had increased odds for the regression of prehypertension (HR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.09-1.60). Compared to consistent solid fuel users, those who consistently used clean fuel for heating had a higher likelihood of transitioning from prehypertension to normotension (HR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.06-1.73) and exhibited 2.45 mmHg lower systolic blood pressure. In conclusion, household clean fuel use for heating was positively associated with the regression of prehypertension to normotension. Furthermore, switching from solid fuel to clean fuel for heating could reduce the risk of prehypertension in Chinese middle-aged and older adults.

Association of alcohol consumption with hypertension or prehypertension in Chinese adolescent: A cohort study of the China Health and Nutrition Survey.

This study was conducted to investigate the association between alcohol consumption in adolescence and the risk of hypertension or prehypertension development in early adulthood. This cohort study included adolescent participants aged 12-18 years from the 2000-2011 China Health and Nutrition Survey. Cox proportional risk regression models were used to analyze the associations of the frequency of alcohol consumption, alcohol intake, and type of alcohol with the risk of developing hypertension or prehypertension. Restricted cubic spline analysis was used to assess the dose-response relationships for alcohol intake and their hazard ratios (HRs). A total of 1556 participants were included in the final analysis. Among the overall population, 448 (30.81%) and 35 (34.31%) participants developed hypertension or prehypertension, respectively. Compared with no alcohol consumption, alcohol consumption ≥ 2 times/week and consumption of ≥2 types of alcohol were associated with an increased risk of hypertension and prehypertension, with HRs of 1.97 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.17-3.34; p=0.011) and 1.77 (95% CI 1.01-3.09; p=0.046), respectively. Alcohol intake of>96mL/week was associated with an increased risk of hypertension and prehypertension, with HRs of 2.09 (95% CI 1.12-3.90; p=0.020) and 2.07 (95% CI 1.11-3.84; p=0.021), respectively. The restricted cubic spline analysis showed that the risk of developing high blood pressure or prehypertension tends to increase with increasing alcohol consumption. Heavy alcohol consumption in adolescence increased the risk of developing hypertension and prehypertension in early adulthood.

Serum γ-glutamyltransferase levels and obesity status changes the risk of prehypertension in Chinese adults

ObjectiveIt’s well known that γ-Glutamyltransferase (γ-GGT) and obesity plays an important role in the development of preHT. However, the effect of γ-GGT on preHT in populations with different obesity status remains unclear. MethodsFrom February 2014 to January 2018, a total of 20,368 participants were enrolled in this study after excluding those with hypertension and liver diseases. Fasting blood samples were collected to measure γ-GGT and blood lipid levels and glucose indices. Demographic andclinical parameters such assex, age, height, weight, neck circumference (NC), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), and body fat ratio (BFR); and information on smoking and alcohol consumption were collected by trained medical professionals. ResultsParticipants were divided into three groups based on obesity status. The prevalence of preHT was 83.5 % in the obesity group was higher than that in the overweight group (58.9 %) and the normal group (47.1 %). γ-GGT in different categories of obesity indices were significantly different, and higher obesity indices were found with higher γ-GGT levels. The interaction of γ-GGT and obesity indices such as NC, WC, HC, and BFR on the prevalence of preHT was significant (P = 0.028, 0.002, 0.007, and 0.034, respectively). Serum γ-GGT was found to be positively associated with preHT in participants with normal and overweight body mass indices. ConclusionOur results indicate that γ-GGT is a risk factor for preHT in participants who are nonobese, and that the obesity indices NC, WC, HC, BFR, and γ-GGT were contributing factors in increasing the risk of preHT.

CORRELATION BETWEEN COFFEE CONSUMPTION AND SLEEP QUALITY WITH PREHYPERTENSION IN FINAL YEAR UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA STUDENTS

Background: The number of prehypertension patients will always be higher than hypertension patients; this is supported by the prevalence of prehypertension being 48.40% according to JNC 7, and hypertension being 34.10% according to Basic Health Research in 2018. Coffee consumption and sleep quality were risk factors that are closely related to the lifestyle of students, this is also reinforced by the number of 24-hour coffee outlets that are open around Universitas Airlangga. Purpose: This aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between coffee consumption and sleep quality on the incidence of prehypertension in final year Universitas Airlangga students. Methods: This type of research is a quantitative study with a cross-sectional study design and uses the Chi-square test. The samples consisted of 146 people, which were taken using a simple random sampling method. Data collection was carried out through an online questionnaire. This study involved coffee consumption and sleep quality as independent variables and the incidence of prehypertension in final year Universitas Airlangga students as the dependent variable. Results: There is a correlation between coffee consumption (p=0.00) and sleep quality (p=0.01) with prehypertension in final year Universitas Airlangga students. Coffee consumption has a 2,47 times greater risk and sleep quality has a 2,09 times greater risk of prehypertension in final year Universitas Airlangga students. Conclusion: Poor coffee consumption and sleep quality are related with prehypertension in final year Universitas Airlangga students.

Demographic and Socioeconomic Predictors of Prehypertension and Hypertension in the Adult Population: Serbian National Health Survey

Background and Objectives: Prehypertension and hypertension are the most common cardiovascular disorders worldwide and are increasingly considered one of the most serious public health problems, particularly in developing countries. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency and demographic and socioeconomic predictors of prehypertension and hypertension in the adults in Serbia, and to examine the relationship between prehypertension and hypertension and health behavior determinants (smoking, alcohol use, physical activity) and individual aspects of health (a health self-assessment, multimorbidity, BMI, depressive symptoms). Materials and Methods: The research is part of the fourth National Population Health Survey conducted in 2019, which was conducted by the Republic Institute of Statistics, in cooperation with the Institute of Public Health of Serbia and the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Serbia. As a research instrument, questionnaires were used in accordance with the methodology of the European Health Survey. For the purposes of this research, data on the adult population aged 20 and over were used. Results: Women are at a reduced risk for both prehypertension (OR = 0.328) and hypertension (OR = 0.349) by nearly 70%. Similarly, those aged below 60 years have a lower risk for prehypertension and those younger than 40 years have a lower risk for hypertension (OR = 0.995), whereas people with a lower education have a 4.3 times higher risk of prehypertension (OR = 4.323) and a 1.6 times higher risk of hypertension (OR = 1.614). The poor have a 1.4 times higher risk of prehypertension (OR = 1.413) and a 1 times higher risk of hypertension (OR = 1.035). People with multimorbidity have a 1.2 times higher risk of both prehypertension (OR = 1.218) and a 4.8 times higher risk of hypertension (OR = 4.867). Conclusions: Male gender, lower education, poverty, age and the presence of multimorbidity are significant predictors of prehypertension and hypertension in the Serbian adult population, so preventive strategies should be aimed at these sensitive population groups.

Exploring the impact of prenatal perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances exposure on blood pressure in early childhood: A longitudinal analysis

Previous research investigating the correlation between prenatal exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and subsequent blood pressure (BP) in offspring has yielded limited and contradictory findings. This study was conducted to investigate the potential relationship between maternal PFAS levels during pregnancy and subsequent BP in early childhood. A total of 129 expectant mothers from the Shanghai Birth Cohort were included in the study. Using high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry, we measured ten PFAS compounds in maternal plasma throughout the pregnancy. When the children reached the age of 4, we examined their systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP), along with mean arterial pressure (MAP) and pulse pressure (PP). Data interpretation employed multiple linear and logistic regression models, complemented by Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR).We found that the majority of PFAS concentrations remained stable during pregnancy. The linear and BKMR models indicated a positive relationship between the PFAS mixture in maternal plasma and offspring's DBP and MAP, with perfluorohexanesulphonic acid (PFHxS) having the most significant influence (PFHxS and DBP [first trimester:β=3.03, 95%CI: (1.01,5.05); second trimester: β=2.35, 95%CI: (0.94,3.75); third trimester: β=2.57, 95%CI:(0.80,4.34)]; MAP [first trimester:β=2.55, 95%CI: (0.64,4.45); second trimester: β=2.28, 95%CI: (0.95,3.61); third trimester: β=2.35, 95%CI:(0.68,4.01)]). Logistic regression highlighted an increased risk of prehypertension and hypertension in offspring with higher maternal PFHxS concentrations during all three trimesters [first trimester: OR=2.53, 95%CI:(1.11,5.79), second trimester: OR=2.05, 95%CI:(1.11,3.78), third trimester: OR=3.08, 95%CI:(1.40,6.79)]. A positive correlation was identified between the half-lives of PFAS and the odds ratio (OR) of prehypertension and hypertension in childhood (β=0.139, P=0.010). In conclusion, this research found maternal plasma PFAS concentrations to be positively associated with BP in offspring, with PFHxS showing the most significant influence. This correlation remained consistent throughout pregnancy, and this effect was proportional to the half-lives of PFAS.

Effect of alcohol consumption on risk of hypertension based on alcohol-related facial flushing response: From the health examinees study

BackgroundAlcohol consumption is a significant public health concern in Korea, with many individuals engaging in risky drinking behaviors. This study aims to analyze the association between facial flushing responses and the progression of hypertension in Korean adults, stratified by gender, using a large-scale prospective cohort study. MethodsThis study included 39,868 participants (10,868 males and 29,000 females) from the health examinees cohort. Participants were divided into two groups according to their weekly drinking patterns (moderate and heavy) and facial flushing responses (non-flusher and flusher) for statistical analysis. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to calculate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals between flushing response after alcohol consumption and hypertension risk. ResultsIn males, the flusher group with a moderate alcohol intake pattern had a decreased risk of incident hypertension compared with non-flushers. In females, the flusher group had relatively higher risk of pre-hypertension and hypertension compared to the non-flusher group. ConclusionThe association between facial flushing and hypertension varies depending on the level of alcohol consumption and should be considered in relation to gender differences. Further research is needed to understand the relationship between facial flushing response and the risk of hypertension based on alcohol consumption levels.

Examining the influence of wealth status on prehypertension risk in women aged 30–49: evidence from the 2018 Benin demographic and health survey

BackgroundThere is an interest in the extent to which the wealth status of women predicts their risk of being pre-hypertensive. This understanding is lacking in the current body of empirical literature, particularly within the context of Benin. Thus, indicating a knowledge gap that must be filled. To this end, the present study aimed to assess the association between wealth status and the risk of prehypertension among women aged 30–49 years in Benin.MethodsThis study used a secondary data from the recent (2018) Demographic and Health Survey of Benin. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were computed to examine the association between wealth index and the risks of prehypertension using Stata version 14. Findings were presented in adjusted odds ratio at 95% confidence level.ResultsWomen in the richest wealth index were significantly more likely to have prehypertension than those in the poorest wealth index [AOR = 1.4; 95%CI: 1.26–2.26]. Women aged 45–49 years were more likely to have prehypertension [AOR = 1.5; 95%CI: 1.15–1.98] compared to younger women. Women who used unclean cooking fuel were less likely to have prehypertension compared to those using clean cooking fuel [AOR = 0.6; 95%CI: 0.37,0.87].ConclusionThe study concludes that wealth status is a significant predictor of prehypertension among women in Benin. Therefore, the Ministry of Health in Benin should prioritize health education and prehypertension awareness campaigns specifically targeting women in affluent communities and households. These campaigns should focus on promoting healthy dietary choices and encouraging physical activity to mitigate the elevated risk associated with wealth status. Recognizing the influence of age on prehypertension risk, it is imperative for older-middle aged women to be targeted as primary beneficiaries of health education programs and prehypertension screening programs.

Urban greenspaces and child blood pressure in China: Evidence from a large population-based cohort study

BackgroundWith the world's population steadily shifting toward urban living, children's engagement with the natural environment seems to be diminishing. This raises significant concerns about the influence of urban greenspaces on the cardiovascular health of children. ObjectiveTo assess the association between urban greenspaces exposure and blood pressure (BP) in Chinese primary schoolchildren. MethodsThis prospective cohort study used data from the Children's growth environment, lifestyle, physical, and mental health development (COHERENCE) project in Guangzhou, China. Participants included 164,853 primary schoolchildren starting from 2016/17 to 2019/20 academic year. We assessed the surrounding greenspaces at home and school by using Sentinel-2 satellite data on the normalized difference vegetation index. Prehypertension and hypertension status were defined with BP above 90th to less than the 95th percentile, at or above the 95th percentile, respectively. The association of surrounding greenness with children's BP levels and risk of prehypertension/hypertension were examined using linear mixed-effects models and Cox proportional hazards model. ResultsAmong 164,853 eligible children aged 7.21 (0.74) years, 89,190 (54.1%) were boys. Our results showed that average systolic and diastolic BP increased by 0.48 and 0.42 standard deviations, respectively, over the 3-year follow-up. We identified 23,225 new cases of prehypertension and 35,067 of hypertension status. An interquartile range increase both in home-, school- and home-school NDVI100m was significantly associated with a reduction of 0.018–0.037 in BP z-scores and a 2.7%–7.6% lower risk of hypertension. Additionally, family socioeconomic status modified the impact of home-school greenness on BP levels. Air pollution exhibited mediating effects solely in school-greenness-BP associations, while physical activity and children's BMI mainly mediated the relationships between home-greenness and BP. ConclusionThe findings of this large cohort study suggest that surrounding greenspaces are associated with lower BP levels and a decreased risk of prehypertension and hypertension in Chinese schoolchildren.

Association of TyG index with prehypertension or hypertension: a retrospective study in Japanese normoglycemia subjects.

The objective of our study was to investigate the potential association between the triglyceride and glucose (TyG) index and the occurrence of prehypertension or hypertension in a cohort of normoglycemic Japanese subjects. The NAGALA physical examination program was conducted in 1994 at Murakami Memorial Hospital in Gifu City, Japan. For our retrospective study, we selected 15,450 participants who had taken part in this program. Our aim was to explore the potential link between the TyG index, a surrogate marker for insulin resistance, and the presence of prehypertension (pre-HTN) or hypertension (HTN). Our analysis included adjustments for clinical demographic attributes and serum biomarkers. Logistic regression was employed to assess the relationship between the TyG index and the likelihood of pre-HTN or HTN. A total of 15,450 study subjects were included in our analysis. Notably, the prevalence of both pre-HTN and HTN displayed an ascending trend with increasing quartiles of the TyG index. In our comprehensive multivariable logistic regression analysis, when evaluating TyG as a continuous variable, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) for pre-HTN was OR 1.31 [95% CI 1.11-1.56], while for HTN, it was OR 1.76 [95% CI 1.24-2.5] within the fully adjusted model (model 3). When TyG was stratified into quartiles within model 3, the adjusted ORs for pre-HTN were OR 1.16 [95% CI 1.02-1.31], OR 1.22 [95% CI 1.06-1.41], and OR 1.31 [95% CI 1.08-1.59], respectively, using quartile 1 as the reference. The adjusted ORs for HTN in quartiles 2, 3, and 4 were OR 1.22 [95% CI 0.89-1.66], OR 1.4 [95% CI 1.02-1.91], and OR 1.48 [95% CI 1.02-2.15], respectively, within the same model and analysis, with quartile 1 as the reference. Subgroup analysis indicated that the TyG index exhibited a significant positive correlation with the risk of hypertension or prehypertension, except in the subgroup aged ≥65 years. Our study highlights a robust correlation between the TyG index and the likelihood of pre-HTN or HTN in normoglycemic Japanese subjects. This underscores the potential clinical relevance of the TyG index in refining early hypertension management strategies. Nonetheless, the validation of these findings necessitates larger studies with extended follow-up periods.

The relationship and interaction between triglyceride glucose index and obesity in the risk of prehypertension population: a cross-sectional study from a survey in Anhui, Eastern China

BackgroundThe triglyceride glucose (TyG) index has been regarded as an effective proxy of Insulin resistance (IR). Studies on the TyG index, obesity and the risk of prehypertension (PHT) in elderly people are not apparent currently. The study sought to investigate the predictive value of TyG index and the associations with PHT risk and obesity.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Bengbu City, Anhui province, China. Participants older than 65 years accepted questionnaire surveys, physical examinations and blood biochemistry tests. Based on the testing results, indicators including BMI (body mass index), WC (waist circumference), WHtR (waist-to-height-ratio), LAP(Lipid accumulation products) and TyG were calculated. Residents were classified into quartiles by their TyG indexes. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was carried out to predict obesity indices for PHT. The three additive interaction indicators, RERI (relative excess risk due to interaction), AP (attributable proportion due to interaction) and S (synergy index) were used to assess the interaction impacts.ResultsTwo thousand six hundred sixty-six eligible elderly people were included in study and the prevalence of PHT was 71.04% (n = 1894). With increasing TyG index quartile, PHT became more prevalent. After adjusting for confounding factors, the prevalence of PHT risk with TyG levels in the fourth quartile (Q4, male: 2.83, 95%CI: 1.77–4.54; female: 2.75, 95%CI:1.91–3.97) was greater than that in the first quartile (Q1:ref). TyG index (AUC: 0.626, 95%CI: 0.602 to 0.650) was superior than BMI (AUC: 0.609, 95%CI: 0.584 to 0.633) in predicting PHT among females. Eventually, there were significant interactions of TyG index with obesity in males (General obesity: AP = 0.87, 95%CI: 0.72 to 1.02, S = 10.48, 95%CI: 3.43 to 31.97; Abdominal obesity: AP = 0.60,95%CI: 0.38 to 0.83, S = 3.53, 95%CI: 1.99 to 6.26) and females (General obesity: AP = 0.89, 95%CI: 0.79 to 0.98, S = 12.46, 95%CI: 5.61 to 27.69; Abdominal obesity: AP = 0.66, 95%CI: 0.51 to 0.82, S = 3.89, 95%CI:2.54 to 5.98).ConclusionTyG index and PHT risk are tightly correlated. The risk of chronic disease in the elderly can be decreased by early detection of PHT utilizing the TyG index. In this research, the TyG index was more predictable than other indicators of obesity.

Association between atherogenic index of plasma and prehypertension or hypertension among normoglycemia subjects in a Japan population: a cross-sectional study

ObjectiveThe atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), consisting of triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, is applied to estimate the cardiovascular disease risk. The evidence regarding the association between AIP and prehypertension or hypertension remains inconclusive. This study was conducted to investigate the association of AIP and prehypertension or hypertension in normoglycemic subjects in Japan.MethodsIn the present cross-sectional study, 15,453 normoglycemic participants aged 18 years or older in Gifu, Japan, were evaluated. The selected participants were separated into four groups in the light of AIP quartiles, ranging from the lowest quartile (Q1) to the highest quartile (Q4). And the association between AIP and prehypertension or hypertension was explored with multivariate logistic regression by gradually adjusting model.ResultsAmong the 15,453 participants, aged of 43.7 ± 8.9 years, and of whom 45.5% were females, the prevalence rates of prehypertension or hypertension were 27.68% (4,278) and 6.23% (962) respectively. In multivariate logistic regression analyses, participants in the highest AIP quartile had an increase risk in prehypertension and hypertension, compared with participants the lowest one, the odds ratios (OR) were 1.15 (95%CI: 1.00–1.13, P = 0.045) for prehypertension and 1.54 (95%CI:1.16–2.04, P = 0.003) for hypertension after adjusting confounders. In subgroup analyses, the high risk of hypertension was also observed for female participants in the highest AIP quartile (Q4) (OR = 2.19, 95%CI: 1.37–3.49, P = 0.001), especially between the ages of 40 and 60 years (OR = 2.20, 95%CI: 1.24–3.88, P = 0.007).ConclusionsHigher AIP is significantly and positively associated with the risk of prehypertension or hypertension in normoglycemic subjects in Gifu, Japan, which was more pronounced in the female population, especially between the years of 40 and 60.

The associations between hematological parameters and the incidence of prehypertension and hypertension in children and adolescents: a prospective cohort study.

Uncontrolled pediatric hypertension may increase the risk of hypertension in adulthood. Several studies have reported an association between hematological parameters and blood pressure (BP) levels. However, epidemiologic evidence of this association in children and adolescents remains scarce. This study aims to explore the associations between hematological parameters and the incidence of prehypertension and hypertension in children and adolescents. This longitudinal study was conducted with 1368 participants aged 6-8 years from baseline visit to follow-up visit. Compared with participants from the normal blood pressure (BP) group, participants from the elevated BP group had significantly higher baseline red blood cell (RBC) counts, hemoglobin (Hb) counts and hematocrit (Hct) levels (all P < 0.001). A multilevel linear mixed model was conducted to analyze the relationship between hematological parameters and BP levels. The results suggested that SBP, DBP and MAP increased significantly with a quartile increase of levels of hematological parameters (all P < 0.05). Furthermore, a multilevel mixed logistic regression model was used to analyze the risk of per interquartile range increase in hematological parameters on the incidence of prehypertension and hypertension. The risk of prehypertension and hypertension incidence increased by (1.34 (95%CIs: 1.20, 1.50)), (1.38 (95%CIs: 1.24,1.54)), (1.33 (95%CIs: 1.19,1.50)), (1.14 (95%CIs: 1.03,1.26)) fold with a one-quartile increase in levels of RBC, Hb, Hct and Fe, respectively (all P < 0.05). This longitudinal study showed that hematological parameters were positively associated with BP levels in healthy children and adolescents, which excluded the effect of antihypertensive drugs on BP levels that often appeared in adults.

Comparison of the Anthropometric Indices to Identify Prehypertension Among Male Medical Students

The state of prehypertension that is often neglected in young adults is not inferior to hypertension in contributing to a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases. Several simple anthropometric indices may be used as prehypertension prognostic tools, including Body Mass Index (BMI), Body Shape Index (ABSI), Waist Circumference (WC), Weight to Height Ratio (WHtr), and Body Roundness Index (BRI). This study aimed to compare several anthropometric examinations for detecting prehypertension in male medical students. The cross-sectional study design was conducted on 107 male medical students. Direct measurements of the respondents were carried out with blood pressure data collection and anthropometric examination. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AROC) analysis with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to assess all anthropometric measures’ discriminatory power to assess the risk of prehypertension in the participants. Participants with prehypertension were relatively older and had less active physical activity than normotensive (p&lt;0.05). The mean BMI, BRI, WC, and WHtR were significantly higher in the prehypertensive group than in the normotensive group. However, ABSI was not showing any relationship with blood pressure. The process with 95% CI of blood pressure classification related to anthropometric measures indicates that BMI showed the highest AROC values for the prehypertensive state (AROC: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.63–0.82), and WC had the lowest AROCs (AROC: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.52–0.63). BMI, BRI, WC, and WHtr may be applied as prognostic assessments for prehypertension states in young adult males.

The association of gestational age and birthweight with blood pressure, cardiac structure, and function in 4 years old: a prospective birth cohort study

BackgroundCurrent evidence relating birthweight and gestational age to cardiovascular risk is conflicting. Whether these factors have independent or interactive impacts on cardiovascular parameters during early childhood remains unclear. The goal of this study was to explore whether there were any independent and interactive effects of gestational age and birthweight on blood pressure, left ventricle (LV) structure, and function in 4 years old.MethodsThis study included 1194 children in the Shanghai Birth Cohort from 2013 to 2016. Information about the mothers and children was recorded at time of birth using a questionnaire. Follow-up measurements, including anthropometric, blood pressure, and echocardiography, were taken between 2018 and 2021, when the children were 4 years old. Multiple linear or logistic regressions and restricted cubic spline were used to explore the association of birthweight and gestational age with cardiovascular measurements.ResultsGestational age had a significant negative correlation with both systolic blood pressure [β = − 0.41, 95% CI: (− 0.76, − 0.07)] and mean arterial pressure [β = − 0.36, 95%CI: (− 0.66, − 0.07)]. The risk of prehypertension decreased with increased gestational age [OR = 0.54, 95% CI: (0.32, 0.93)]. The relationship between birthweight with blood pressure was U-shape (P for non-linear < 0.001). The wall thickness, volume, mass, and cardiac output of LV increased with birthweight, though the ejection fraction [β = − 1.02, 95% CI: (− 1.76, − 0.27)] and shorten fraction [β = 0.72, 95% CI: (− 1.31, − 0.14)] decreased with birthweight. The risk of LV hypertrophy was not associated with birthweight [OR = 1.59, 95% CI: (0.68, 3.73)].ConclusionsIn this study, we found different associations of birthweight and gestational age with cardiovascular measurements in the offspring at 4 years old. Gestational age influenced blood pressure independent of birthweight. Heart size and function at 4 years old was influenced mostly by birthweight and not by gestational age.

MỐI LIÊN QUAN GIỮA THỪA CÂN, BÉO PHÌ VÀ TIỀN CAO HUYẾT ÁP, CAO HUYẾT ÁP Ở HỌC SINH TRƯỜNG TRUNG HỌC PHỔ THÔNG ĐỒNG HÒA, THÀNH PHỐ HẢI PHÒNG

The increasing prevalence of high blood pressure in adolescents is an alarming global health problem, coupled with the rise in obesity and sedentary lifestyles. The aim of this study was to examine the associations between overweight, obesity, and pre-hypertension, and hypertension among adolescents aged 15 - 17 years in Hai Phong city. The case-control study was conducted on 1,000 students at Dong Hoa High School, Hai Phong city. The control group consisted of 730 students with normal systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The case group included 270 students with pre-hypertension and hypertension according to the diagnostic criteria of the American Academy of Pediatrics. The study results showed that the proportion of students with pre-hypertension and hypertension was quite high, 12.2% and 14.8%, respectively. The prevalence of pre-hypertension and hypertension in male students was significantly higher than in female students (P &lt; 0.001). After adjusting for age and sex, overweight and obesity were statistically significantly associated with the risk of pre-hypertension, and hypertension with OR values of 2.2 (95%CI: 1.4-3.4) and 7.1 (95%CI: 3.0 - 16.5), respectively. Thus, overweight and obesity increases the risk of pre-hypertension and hypertension in adolescents aged 15 - 17 at Dong Hoa High School, Hai Phong city.

Factors influencing the progression from prehypertension to hypertension among Chinese middle-aged and older adults: a 2-year longitudinal study

BackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the proportion of prehypertension cases progressing to hypertension among Chinese middle-aged and elderly populations over a 2-year period and related influencing factors.MethodsData were obtained from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, and 2,845 individuals who were ≥ 45 years old and prehypertensive at baseline were followed from 2013–2015. Structured questionnaires were administered, and blood pressure (BP) and anthropometric measurements were performed by trained personnel. Multiple logistic regression analysis was done to investigate factors associated with prehypertension progressing to hypertension.ResultsOver the 2-year follow-up, 28.5% experienced progression of prehypertension to hypertension; this occurred more frequently in men than women (29.7% vs. 27.1%). Among men, older age (55–64 years: adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.414, 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.032–1.938; 65–74 years: aOR = 1.633, 95%CI: 1.132–2.355; ≥ 75 years: aOR = 2.974, 95%CI: 1.748–5.060), obesity (aOR = 1.634, 95%CI: 1.022–2.611), and number of chronic diseases (1: aOR = 1.366, 95%CI: 1.004–1.859; ≥ 2: aOR = 1.568, 95%CI: 1.134–2.169) were risk factors for progression to hypertension whereas being married/cohabiting (aOR = 0.642, 95% CI: 0.418–0.985) was a protective factor. Among women, risk factors included older age (55–64 years: aOR = 1.755, 95%CI: 1.256–2.450; 65–74 years: aOR = 2.430, 95%CI: 1.605–3.678; ≥ 75 years: aOR = 2.037, 95% CI: 1.038–3.995), married/cohabiting (aOR = 1.662, 95%CI: 1.052–2.626), obesity (aOR = 1.874, 95%CI: 1.229–2.857), and longer naps (≥ 30 and < 60 min: aOR = 1.682, 95%CI: 1.072–2.637; ≥ 60 min: aOR = 1.387, 95%CI: 1.019–1.889).ConclusionsChinese middle-aged and elderly individuals experienced a risk of prehypertension progressing to hypertension over a 2-year period, although the influencing factors differed by sex; this should be considered in interventions.

Occupational Noise-Induced Pre-Hypertension and Determinant Factors Among Metal Manufacturing Workers in Gondar City Administration, Northwest Ethiopia.

Cardiovascular disorders are one of the commonly recognized occupational diseases in the developed world. Individuals chronically exposed to noise at workplaces had a higher risk of developing elevated arterial blood pressure. There are limited studies in Ethiopia regarding this topic and thus this study determined the prevalence and determinant factors of occupational noise-induced pre-hypertension among metal manufacturing workers in Gondar city administration, Northwest Ethiopia. An institution-based cross-sectional study design was carried out. In this study, 300 study participants were recruited by census sampling method. A sound level meter was used to measure the working area noise level. A semi-structured pre-tested interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic and clinical data. Blood pressure was measured in a quiet room in the morning using a mercurial sphygmomanometer. Both bivariable and multi-variable binary logistic regressions were used to identify factors associated with noise-induced prehypertension. Adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was reported, and variables with p < 0.05 were considered as statistically associated factors with pre-hypertension. The prevalence of noise-induced pre-hypertension was 27.7% (95% CI: 22.7-32.7). In multivariable logistic regression, working area noise level (AOR = 3.8, 95% CI: 6.8-8.9), 45-65 years' age (AOR = 9.8, 95% CI: 5.4-12.9), years of work experience ((6-10 years (AOR = 2.8, 95% CI: 1.98-5.90 and >10 years (AOR = 4.8, 95% CI: 7.8-9.75)), being a cigarette smoker (AOR = 3.6, 95% CI: 1.36-9.77), and alcohol consumption (AOR = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.06-1.04) were significantly associated with noise-induced prehypertension. Workers in metal manufactures who were exposed to noise levels >85 dB developed elevated blood pressure. The odds of having prehypertension were increased by years of work experience, advanced age, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Our findings recommended that the real-world preventive strategies should be taken to lower the risk of noise-induced pre-hypertension hastened by occupational noise exposure.

PS-P09-4: OBESITY AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH HIGH SENSITIVITY C-REACTIVE PROTEIN AS AN INFLAMMATION MARKER AND THE RISK OF PREHYPERTENSION AMONG ADULTS

Objective: It has been reported that obesity could trigger the elevation of serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and abnormal lipid metabolism, manifesting in the progression of metabolic diseases (hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and type 2 diabetes). Regarding the high prevalence of obesity both in developed and developing countries, assessing hsCRP as an inflammation marker is essential to prevent the high risk of the diseases. We aim to assess the association between obesity with hsCRP and prehypertension among adults. Design and method: A cross-sectional study was conducted from July to September 2021 in urban and rural areas. A total of 109 healthy adults were involved with inclusion criteria: aged 19 to 64 years, did not have pregnancy or breastfeeding for women, and did not have any metabolic disease histories. The data was collected by trained enumerators and blood samples were taken by a trained phlebotomist, including socio-demographic, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), blood pressure, and hs-CRP. A BMI of 30.00 kg/m2 and above was categorized as obesity. A waist circumference of 88 cm above (female) and 102 cm above (male) was categorized as central obesity. A blood pressure of 120 to 139 mmHg (systolic) or 80 to 89 mmHg (diastolic) was classified as prehypertension. The hsCRP of above 3.0 mg/L was classified as a high level. Results: 52.3% of the subjects were female, and 60.6% of them were living in urban. As 68.8% were obese, 78% were prehypertension, and 30.3% had high hsCRP. There was no association between obesity (BMI) with hsCRP (p &gt; 0.05) yet central obesity (WC) was significantly associated with hsCRP (p = 0.028, PR = 2.8, 95% CI 1.1–6.9). Being female increases by 3.5 higher risk of prehypertension than male (p = 0.015, 95% CI 1.3–9.8) while age was not a risk factor for prehypertension. The nutritional status, determined by BMI and WC, and hsCRP were not significant risk factors for prehypertension, even after being adjusted with covariates. Conclusion: Adults with central obesity increased by 2.8 greater risks of high-level hsCRP than normal. Nutritional status and hsCRP were not the risk factors for prehypertension, even after being adjusted with covariates. Comprehensive nutrition intervention, including personalized nutrition and creating a healthier environment, is needed to encourage adults in improving their healthy habits and preventing negative health outcomes.

PS-P03-6: SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC AS ATTRIBUTABLE RISK FACTORS OF PREHYPERTENSION: A POPULATION STUDY FROM URBAN AND RURAL

Background: Prehypertension is undetected and considered a precursor of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. Prehypertension can be attributed not only to diet patterns and lifestyle but also to the basic cause such as sociodemographic factors. Understanding the sociodemographic factor and its relationship with prehypertension can adjust the best prevention action to control the rise of prehypertension. We aim to investigate the association between sociodemographic factors with prehypertension among healthy adults. Method: Cross-sectional study was conducted from 2016 to 2018 and involved 653 healthy adults 19 to 64 years of age in urban and rural areas in a province in Indonesia. The urban represented the most populated urban area and the rural represented lowland, mountainous, and coastal areas. The pregnant or breastfed woman was excluded. Data collection included sociodemographic, namely gender, age, educational degree, occupation, family history of diseases, smoking history, and dwelling area. A blood pressure of 120 to 139 mmHg (systolic) or 80 to 89 mmHg (diastolic) was classified as prehypertension. Logistic regression was run to determine the factors that influenced prehypertension. Result: Subjects were dominated by females (62.2%) and the prevalence of prehypertension was 66.5%. Gender, age, occupation, smoking history, and dwelling area were associated with prehypertension. Being female increased the risk 3.1 times higher of prehypertension than male (p &lt; 0.001, 95% CI 2.1–4.5). The middle adult had a 2.9 times higher risk of prehypertension than early adults (p &lt; 0.001, 95% CI 1.8–4.7), while no significant risk for the elderly compared to early adults. Civil servants or private officers had a 1.9 times higher risk of prehypertension than unemployed/housewives/students (p &lt; 0.001, 95% CI 1.3–2.7). Smokers increased a 1.6 times higher risk of prehypertension than non-smokers (p = 0.018, 95% CI 1.1–2.3). Adults who were living in urban had a 1.5 times higher risk of prehypertension than adults in rural (p = 0.026, 95% CI 1.1–2.0). Conclusion: Being female, middle adult, working as civil servants or private officers, being active smokers, and living in urban were significant risk factors for prehypertension. The importance of designing different interventions which were suitable for the different sociodemographic backgrounds is important to control blood pressure. Keywords: sociodemographic, prehypertension, adults, urban, rural