Risk Of Personal Injury Research Articles

Being positively moved by climate protest predicts peaceful collective action

People can be motivated to engage in collective action for climate protection because they are angry about an injustice or because they are emotionally moved by the idea that they can achieve something together. However, previous research on emotions and collective action has not distinguished between being positively and being negatively moved and between normative and non-normative collective action. To address this gap, we conducted a field study in Germany with activists and non-activists of Fridays for Future (N = 223). Participants reported their appraisals, feelings and intentions related to the climate crisis and the Fridays for Future protests. Being positively moved predicted intentions to engage in normative collective action (signing petitions, participating in demonstrations) but not intentions to participate in non-normative collective action (involving damage to property or risk of personal injury). Being negatively moved did not significantly predict either of these collective action intentions. This suggests that the motivational effect of being moved on collective action is specific to being positively moved and to normative collective action. Acceptance of non-normative collective action was predicted by perceptions of injustice and low collective efficacy beliefs. Thus, non-normative collective action for climate protection seems to be considered when peaceful protest is perceived as ineffective.

Potential effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on horse behaviour in the UK between March and October 2020

Once the COVID-19 pandemic started and the UK went into lockdown on 17th March 2020, many horse owners had to change their horse keeping practices. Exactly how varied depending on their exact circumstances. Horses kept at home, or on full and part livery, would have experienced little change other than a reduction in ridden exercise as some owners chose to stop riding to reduce the risk of personal injury. Owners of horses kept at DIY yards faced greater difficulties as, in many cases, their visits reduced in frequency, horse care rotas were not being adopted, and horse management shared with other owners; this, coupled with uncertainty about future income raising anxiety levels in some individuals, may have had knock on effects for horse behaviour. The pandemic also contributed to some unexpected effects. Increased public footfall in the countryside meant more horses being uncontrollably fed by members of the public, and horse sales continued, even increased, with rehoming from some welfare organisations following the same trend.

Simulation to Teach Safe Patient Handling and Mobility for Home Caregivers

Safe patient handling and mobility (SPHM) programs are needed in the home care environment. As patient-lifting technology and devices become more widely available for use in the home setting, caregivers need opportunities to learn how to properly use these devices. Nonmedical caregivers employed by personal support services agencies (PSSAs) and home caregivers have very limited access to opportunities for SPHM training in rural areas of Tennessee. Safe patient handling and mobility training utilizing simulation with an interprofessional approach was developed and provided to 17 nonmedical and family home caregivers. The training was evaluated utilizing Kirkpatrick’s Four-Level Training Evaluation Model. Participants completed anonymous surveys immediately following the training and 4 to 6 weeks after the training. Survey I (n = 17): Respondents indicated increased knowledge of safe patient handling (94%) and applied knowledge of safe patient handling in training (90%). Survey II (n = 6): Most respondents (67%) indicated that they had applied the knowledge and skills that they had learned in the training. Two respondents (33%) indicated that they had not yet had the opportunity to apply the knowledge and skills they learned. The survey also showed that all respondents believed that the knowledge and skills they had learned helped to decrease the risk of personal injury and injury to patients. Safe patient handling and mobility training utilizing simulation with an interprofessional approach was effective in promoting safety of nonmedical and family caregivers in the home setting. Based on the success of this program, more training opportunities should be implemented to improve patient and caregiver safety.

Driving into Danger: Perception and Communication of Flash-Flood Risk

AbstractFloods, particularly urban flash floods, frequently disrupt traffic, constraining mobility and exposing motorists to danger. Flood risk managers educate the public on the dangers of driving through flooded roadways, yet losses to life and property continue to occur. This study integrates cultural psychology and risk perception theory to explore how cultural and situational factors influence motorists’ behavior during flash floods. Flood risk managers in Tucson, Arizona, collaborated in the development of a questionnaire mailed to local residents in 2007. Self-reported levels of trust, self-efficacy, social incorporation, and situational factors were analyzed with respect to whether respondents stated that they have or have not driven through a flooded roadway. Respondents demonstrate complex reasoning when confronted with flooded roadways, rather than simple or consistent risk-taking or risk-avoidance behaviors. Participants indicate high levels of trust in official warning messages and share information about floods within their social networks, highlighting the success of education campaigns. However, flood conditions are not always clear, so motorists seek additional sources of information and weigh the dangers against other situational factors on a case-by-case basis. Factors that influence respondents’ decisions include the prior successful crossing of other vehicles, presence of signs and barricades, presence of passengers, risk of personal injury or damage to the vehicle, and the availability of flood-related information. The results also show that individuals who know how to avoid floods, including by asking others for advice, are less likely to enter flooded roadways, and thus communicating further instructions will empower more motorists to avoid danger.

HEALTH AND SAFETY IN THE MECHANICAL ENGINEERING WORKPLACE

Risk assessment is the systematic recording and evaluation of all factors in the work process that can cause occupational injuries, illnesses or health damage. It can identify the options, ways of preventing, eliminating and reducing risks.The risk assessment considers the work organization, work processes, raw materials and materials used in technological and work processes, personal protective equipment and equipment at work, as well as other elements that may cause risk of personal injury, health damage or illness of the employee.The primary objective of occupational risk assessment is the protection, safety and health of employees.Risk assessment helps to minimize the risk of employees being compromised during work process activities. It also helps to maintain the efficiency of the business activity.A risk assessment act is an act containing a description of the work process with an assessment of the risk of injury and / or damage to workplace health in the work environment and measures to eliminate or reduce risks in order to improve safety and health at work.This act determines the possible types of hazards and harms in the workplace, assesses the risk of injury at work or health damage of the employee, determines ways and measures to eliminate them, or reduce their risk to minimum.Mechanical engineers design machines and tools, organize their production and handle their exploitation. They are experts for propulsion engines, vehicles and vessels, process and power plants, load-bearing structures. As designers, they design a product or manufacturing process so it can best meet the requirements and functions they need. In a process of designing a product, they take available raw materials and available production technology, and if they design the production process, they are guided by the type of input material and processing technology. Mechanical engineers in manufacturing plan, manage and supervise the production of machinery and plant. They systematically test the manufactured components, because they depend on the efficiency, reliability and safety of the whole system. For quality assurance, they constantly carry out tests and measurements of input materials and finished products with measuring instruments.This work is based on an analysis of the position of a mechanical engineer in the company named "Flamma-Systems Ltd." based in Nis. The company employs mechanical engineers and it deals primary with manufacturing of high-power boilers for heating greenhouses and buildings. The main market for this company is Sweden.

Occupational risks of working with horses: A questionnaire survey of equine veterinary surgeons

SummaryLimited scientific evidence from other countries and plenty of anecdotal evidence suggest that the risk of personal injury in equine veterinary practice is high. However, a comprehensive description of the types of risks to which equine veterinary surgeons expose themselves has not previously been available. The aim of this study was to quantify the number, types and causes of personal injury sustained by equine veterinary practitioners in the UK. An interview (and online) questionnaire‐based survey was conducted with a large number of equine veterinary practitioners. Questions were designed to identify the number of injuries sustained during the respondent's career to date and to acquire details of the worst injury sustained including cause, treatment and short‐ and long‐term outcomes. A total of 2292 injuries were reported by 620 respondents, equating to one injury every 3 years 7 months in those respondents. Most ‘worst’ injuries occurred while the veterinary surgeon was conducting most common reasons for equine examination. The most frequent sites of this ‘worst’ injury were the leg and the head with the main cause of injury being a kick with hindlimb. Of all reports, 33% of injuries resulted in a hospital admission of which 43% required hospital admission for longer than 24 h and 7% of reports resulted in a loss of consciousness. The main limitation of this work is the descriptive nature of the survey. It would be unwise to assume that the procedures identified as being most commonly associated with injury in the study are more risky than other less commonly conducted procedures. In conclusion, equine veterinary practice is a risky profession. Greater emphasis on and awareness of methods to avoid or mitigate risk should be a priority for anyone working with horses and their employers.

The Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 Among a School Sample of Portuguese Male and Female Adolescents

Few personality traits are as socially relevant as impulsivity, but few self-report measures have been specifically developed for adolescents and children. The aim of the present study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale version 11 (BIS-11) among a mixed-gender sample of 782 Portuguese youth (M = 15.87 years; SD = 1.72), in a school context. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed the expected 6-factor first-order structure, but the 3-factor second-order factorial structure did not present a good fit. Cross-gender measurement invariance was demonstrated only in terms of weak invariance. Nonetheless, the Portuguese adaptation of the BIS-11 demonstrated some generally acceptable psychometric properties of internal consistency, mean inter-item correlation, convergent validity, discriminant validity, and criterion-related validity of statistically significant associations with conduct disorder symptoms, alcohol abuse, drug use, and unprotected sex. The use of the BIS-11 among the male and female youth population is psychometrically justified, and it can be a useful measure to identify impulsive adolescents who are at considerable risk of personal injury and present a potential source of injury to others.

Integration of 3G Wireless Image Transmission System with the Aerial Search and Rescue UAV

With the rapid development of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), the applications of the UAV are more and more extensively, and one of the important applications is aerial search and rescue. Using the UAV for search and rescue can save cost and avoid the risk of personal injury. Nowadays, the UAV usually use analog 1.2GHz, 2.4GHz or 5.8GHz real-time video transmission system. Because of the limited transmission bandwidth, the maximum resolution is only 640*480, which is not enough for aerial search. It is difficult to search and identify the small target by this aerial image with only 640*480 resolutions. Because the mobile devices and 3G base stations are widespread, this research integrated the UAV with a mobile device to perform time lapse photography App. The high resolution (2688*1520 pixels) photo can be transmitted to the cloud server via 3G network. The GCS (ground control station) can receive these high resolution photos from cloud servers. With these high resolution aerial photos, the rescued targets can be found and identified more easily. Using the EXIF (Exchangeable image file format) information of the aerial photo, the GPS coordinate of the target can be acquired.

A Study of Routing Path Decision Method Using Mobile Robot Based on Distance Between Sensor Nodes

We propose Robot Wireless Sensor Networks (RWSNs) management method for maintaining wireless communication connectivity for a mobile robot teleoperation with considering a distance between sensor nodes. Recent studies for reducing disaster damage focus on a disaster area information gathering in underground spaces. Since information gathering activities in such post disaster underground spaces present a high risk of personal injury by secondary disasters, a lot of rescue workers were injured or killed in the past. On basis of this background, gathering information by utilizing the mobile robot is discussed in wide area. However, maintaining wireless communication infrastructures for teleoperation of a mobile rescue robot in the post-disaster underground space by various reasons. Therefore we have been discussing the wireless communication infrastructures construction method for teleoperation of the rescue robot by utilizing the RWSN. In this paper, we evaluated the proposed method for changing routing path by utilizing the RWSN in field operation test in order to confirm the availability of performance of communication connectivity and the throughputs between End-to-End communications via constructed network.

Formatted Text Improves the Communication of Credit Card Information: Effects on Response Time

Understanding basic credit card information can be important for maintaining secure personal finances. Although considerable human factors research has examined safety communications and warnings to avoid risk of personal injury, little human factors research has been conducted on communications associated with financial risk. This study explored whether human factors principles can be applied to credit card information intended for consumers. People's decision-making performance was examined with respect to credit card application information given in two formats: less versus more structured format, with the latter involving information chunking and spacing. Participants (N=40) compared 16 pairs of credit card applications with the task of selecting one among each pair that was the better financial deal (i.e., that reduced financial risk or saved more money). Eight pairs had less formatting (in prose style) and eight pairs had more structured formatting. The results showed that the credit card applications with the more structured format significantly reduced comparison (decision) times but had only minor effects on response accuracy. Implications for formatting financial risk disclosures are offered.

Liability for negligently increased risk: the repercussions of Barker v. Corus UK (plc)

The philosophical problem of ‘references classes’ is discussed within the context of probabilistic causation and, more particularly, liability for the negligent increase of the risk of personal injury. The implications of a recent addition to the U.K. case law on asbestos-related disease are then examined.

Drinking, driving and causing injury: The position of the passenger of an intoxicated driver

Being a guest passenger in a motor vehicle with an alcohol impaired driver carries substantial risk of personal injury. No one would doubt that where an accident results, both the passenger and the driver should take responsibility for the ensuing injuries. Under existing common law principles and recent legislative reforms however, there is a possibility that the alcohol impaired defendant driver may be able to avoid liability altogether. This article explores the various defences that the driver may raise and argues that defences which absolve the defendant from all liability should be abandoned and that contributory negligence remains the most appropriate means of providing a just and socially acceptable outcome for both the driver and guest passenger.

The numerical simulation of aircraft evacuation and its application to aircraft design and certification

AbstractComputer based mathematical models describing the aircraft evacuation process have a vital role to play in the design and development of safer aircraft, the implementation of safer and more rigorous certification criteria, in cabin crew training and post-mortem accident investigation. As the risk of personal injury and the costs involved in performing large-scale evacuation experiments for the next generation ultra high capacity aircraft (UHCA) are expected to be high, the development and use of these evacuation modelling tools may become essential if these aircraft are to prove a viable reality. This paper describes the capabilities and limitations of the airEXODUS evacuation model and some attempts at validation, including its successful application to the prediction of a recent certification trial, prior to the actual trial taking place. Also described is a newly defined performance parameter known as OPS that can be used as a measure of evacuation trial optimality. In addition, sample evacuation simulations in the presence of fire atmospheres are described.

Impulsiveness and risk-taking behavior: comparison of high-school and college students using the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale

The present study was undertaken in an attempt to determine the relationship of impulsiveness to risk-taking behaviors such as aggression, drug use, drunk driving and not wearing seatbelts among highschool and college students. The results of the study clearly demonstrate that high impulsives are involved in risk-taking behavior at a higher rate than low impulsive subjects. These findings suggest that high impulsive adolescents and young adults are at considerable risk of personal injury and present a potential source of injury to others. It is suggested that self-report questionnaires of impulsiveness might prove useful in the early identification of these high risk individuals. Once identified these individuals could be targeted for intensive educational interventions specifically designed to deal with their inability to delay gratification and general lack of impulse control.

ACCIDENT HISTORY AND PERCEIVED RISK OF INJURY AS FACTORS INFLUENCING FATALISM ABOUT OCCUPATIONAL ACCIDENTS

In a survey of 263 employed men and women fatalism about workplace accidents was rated highest by respondents who perceived that their current jobs were dangerous and posed a high risk of personal injury. An individual's prior accident history was not associated with ratings on Accident Fatalism.