Risk For Other Substance Use Research Articles

Impulsivity-Related Personality Traits as Predictors of E-Cigarette Use among Young Adults over Time

Introduction : There has been rising concern about e-cigarette usage among teenagers and young adults. As knowledge about the adverse health effects of e-cigarettes accumulates, it is critical to identify factors that may increase risk of vaping initiation and frequency of use. One potential risk factor known to increase risk for other substance use is impulsivity. This study tested the hypothesis that impulsivity prospectively predicts vaping over time. Methods : Active e-cigarette users (n = 137; 51.8% male; Mean age 20 years at baseline) completed 8 waves of assessment over 21 months (2017–2020). The S-UPPS-P impulse behavior scale was used at baseline to measure impulsivity, and frequency of e-cigarette, cigarette, marijuana and alcohol use was calculated at each wave thereafter. Results : Vaping frequency declined over time [Incidence Rate Ratio (IRR) = 0.92]. There were significant, stable, positive associations between e-cigarette use and lack of premeditation (IRR = 1.06) and sensation seeking (IRR = 1.09). Vaping frequency was inversely associated with negative urgency (IRR = 0.95). Positive urgency and lack of perseverance were not associated with frequency of vaping. Conclusion : These findings suggest that young adults who have higher impulsivity of certain types may use e-cigarettes more frequently. Thus, vaping interventions for young adults should address these factors to ensure the greatest impact on public health.

Association between gestational cannabis exposure and maternal, perinatal, placental, and childhood outcomes.

Globally, the availability and formulations for the administration of cannabis are changing with decriminalization or legalization of recreational use in some jurisdictions, and the prescription of cannabis also occurring. These changes are likely to affect the prevalence of use, including by women of childbearing age. The effects of in utero and infant alcohol and tobacco exposure are well-documented, but the outcomes of cannabis exposure are less certain. The content of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the psychoactive component of cannabis has progressively increased over several decades. This review explores the limited knowledge surrounding the epidemiology of gestational and postnatal cannabis exposure and implications for the mother-placenta-fetus/neonate triad. We examine cannabis' effects from antenatal and lactation exposure on (a) pregnancy and perinatal outcomes, (b) placental health, and (c) longer term cardiometabolic and neurodevelopmental risks and outcomes. Though definitive outcomes are lacking, gestational cannabis has been associated with increased risk of other substance use during pregnancy; impaired placental blood flow; increased risk of small for gestational age births; and associated complications. Childhood and adolescent outcomes are sparsely assessed, with suggested outcomes including increased risk of depression and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Cardiometabolic implications of gestational cannabis use may include maternal fatty liver, obesity, insulin resistance, and increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), with potential consequences for the fetus. Clinical implications for pediatric practice were explored in a bid to understand any potential risk or impact on child health and development.

Cannabis Concentrate Use Among Adolescents

Research Article| December 01 2019 Cannabis Concentrate Use Among Adolescents AAP Grand Rounds (2019) 42 (6): 65. https://doi.org/10.1542/gr.42-6-65 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Cannabis Concentrate Use Among Adolescents. AAP Grand Rounds December 2019; 42 (6): 65. https://doi.org/10.1542/gr.42-6-65 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All PublicationsAll JournalsAAP Grand RoundsPediatricsHospital PediatricsPediatrics In ReviewNeoReviewsAAP NewsAll AAP Sites Search Advanced Search Topics: marijuana Source: Meier MH, Docherty M, Leischow SJ, et al. Cannabis concentrate use in adolescents. Pediatrics. 2019; 144(3): e20190338; doi: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2019-0338Google Scholar Investigators from Arizona State University conducted a study of adolescents to assess the proportion of cannabis concentrate users and the association of cannabis concentrate with other risky behaviors. Data were obtained from the 2018 Arizona Youth Survey, which is conducted every 2 years and administered to all Arizona schools that serve 8th-, 10th-, and 12th-grade students. Students completed the survey at school on paper or online. On the survey, participants were queried about whether they ever used marijuana or cannabis concentrate and, if so, on how many occasions over their lifetime. Participants were also queried on their lifetime use of tobacco, e-cigarettes, and alcohol, as well as on several risk and protective factors for problem behaviors (such as perceived risk of harm of marijuana, peer substance use, and commitment to school). Investigators used descriptive statistics to determine the proportion of participants who tried cannabis concentrate in their lifetime. Regression analyses were used to assess for differences in other substance use and risk and protective factors among concentrate users, cannabis users who never tried concentrate, and nonusers. There were 47,142 participants included in analysis, of whom 33% reported cannabis use in their lifetime; 24% reported cannabis concentrate use. Among those who reported using cannabis, 72% also reported using cannabis concentrate. Concentrate users had significantly increased odds of other substance use and risk factors compared to cannabis users who never tried concentrate and nonusers. For instance, concentrate users had 3.2-fold increased odds of e-cigarette use and 1.8-fold increased odds of alcohol use compared to non-concentrate cannabis users; when compared to nonusers, these odds ratios were 24.5 and 13.9, respectively. Concentrate users also scored higher on every risk factor and lower on every protective factor, compared to non-concentrate cannabis users and nonusers, such as having significantly reduced odds of perceiving risk of harm of marijuana and significantly increased odds of low commitment to school. Investigators conclude that most adolescents who use cannabis report using cannabis concentrates, and those using concentrate are at increased risk for other substance use. Dr Wong has disclosed no financial relationship relevant to this commentary. This commentary does not contain a discussion of an unapproved/investigative use of a commercial product/device. The landscape of adolescent substance use continues to evolve. The use of marijuana and cannabis concentrate products (eg, hash oil, wax, crumble, shatter) that contain higher levels of active ingredient tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) has increased among adolescents.1 The last decade has seen an alarming rise in teen vaping, or use of e-cigarettes.2 Contributing to the rapid rise in e-cigarette and cannabis products is the declining perceived risk of these products, with legal adult use of e-cigarettes broadly and marijuana on a state-by-state basis.3 Adolescents often refer to vaping of cannabis concentrate as “dabbing/penning.” The combination of vaping and marijuana has recently drawn urgent public... You do not currently have access to this content.

Reasons for Vaping Among U.S. 12th Graders

IntroductionVaping has recently increased in popularity among adolescents. Little is known about heterogeneity of vapers, particularly in terms of why they vape. Identifying major subgroups of adolescent vapers by reasons for vaping is important to understand adolescent vaping behavior and to identify those most at risk for other substance use. MethodsMonitoring Future data from 2015 and 2016 were used in a latent class analysis to identify subgroups of 12th graders based on their endorsement of 10 potential reasons for vaping. Multinomial regression with a latent class outcome was used to predict class membership. ResultsThree distinct classes of vapers were identified: adolescents who were (1) Vaping to Experiment (29.4%), (2) Vaping to Replace Cigarettes (7.3%), and (3) Vaping for Taste + Entertainment (63.4%). Vaping only flavors was associated with lower odds of membership and cigarette use was associated with higher odds of membership in the Vaping to Replace Cigarettes subgroup, and marijuana was associated with lower odds of membership in the Vaping to Experiment subgroup, compared with the Vaping for Taste + Entertainment subgroup. ConclusionsThis study identified multiple subgroups of vapers based on reasons for vaping. Whereas a small subgroup vaped for reasons related to cigarette use, most adolescent vapers reported vaping for reasons unrelated to cigarette use. There were considerable differences in primary reasons for vaping and risk for traditional cigarette and other substance use, suggesting different intervention strategies may be needed for different subgroups of vapers.

Smoking on School Property as a Risk Factor for Substance Use Among Adolescent Smokers

ABSTRACTThe purpose of the current study was to determine if smoking on high-school property was associated with increased risk for other substance use among U.S. adolescents. Secondary analyses were carried out with data from the 2011 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS, N = 15,503). Only adolescents who reported smoking at least one cigarette in the last 30 days were selected for analyses (n = 2531, 44% female). Alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine use was assessed among participants. Binary logistic regression analysis was carried out to examine the relationship between smoking on school property (yes versus no) with each of the substance use variables. Adolescent smokers who reported smoking on school property were significantly more likely to report substance use across all substances examined compared to smokers who did not smoke on campus. For example, campus smokers were 3.91 times more likely to use marijuana in their lifetime and 3.85 times more likely to have used crack or cocaine in their lifetime compared to smokers who did not smoke on campus. Health care providers who provide services to adolescents should screen for smoking on school property to help identify adolescents at increased risk for substance use.

Program and System Level Interventions to Address Tobacco Amongst Individuals with Schizophrenia

ABSTRACT Most individuals with schizophrenia are tobacco smokers, and smoking is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, changes in psychiatric medication metabolism, increased psychiatric hospitalizations, and increased risk for other substance use. Since individuals with schizophrenia receive most of their clinical care within psychiatric settings, there is a need to integrate tobacco assessment and smoking cessation treatment within the mental health system. Better addressing of tobacco will require program-level changes as well as broader system-level changes. Organizational change strategies can be effective in addressing the barriers to integrated care. Broader system-level changes include initiatives by national organizations to enhance training and create consensus on implementing change, establishing networks with existing tobacco control efforts, and increasing funding for treatment and research for this population. The purpose of this article is to address the barriers to change and share strategies to better address tobacco and integrate treatment into routine practice.

Psychiatric morbidity and substance use in young people aged 13-15 years: results from the Child and Adolescent Survey of Mental Health.

Psychoactive substance use is strongly associated with psychiatric morbidity in both adults and adolescents. To determine which of alcohol, nicotine and cannabisis mostclosely linked to psychiatric disorders in early adolescence. Data from 2624 adolescents aged 13-15 years were drawn from a national mental health survey of children. The relationship between psychiatric morbidity and smoking, drinking and cannabis use was examined by logistic regression analyses. Having a psychiatric disorder was associated with an increased risk of substance use. Greater involvement with any one substance increased the risk of other substance use. Analyses of the interactions between smoking, drinking and cannabis use indicated that the relationship between substance use and psychiatric morbidity was primarily explained by regular smoking and (to a lesser extent) regular cannabis use. In this sample, links between substance use and psychiatric disorders were primarily accounted for by smoking. The strong relationship is likely to be due to a combination of underlying individual constitutional factors and drug-specific effects resulting from consumption over the period of adolescent development and growth.

Perceptions of the Prevalence of Marijuana Use Among College Students: A Comparison Between Current Users and Nonusers

ABSTRACT The primary purpose of this study was to determine the perception of the prevalence of using marijuana among a sample of college students and to assess the relationship between this perception and current marijuana use. Estimations of the prevalence of marijuana users exceeded the percentage of students who reported current marijuana use. Students estimated that 34.9% of male students and 27.7% of female students used marijuana in the past month. However, use in the past month was reported by 29.6% of males and 19.6% of females. Marijuana users gave significantly higher estimations of the percentage of male and females who use marijuana. The risk of using marijuana was much greater among students who held the perception that marijuana use was normative on campus (that more than half of students use marijuana). Marijuana users were also found to be at significantly higher risk of other substance use and sexual activity. Female marijuana users were more likely to have an eating disorder and to have ever attempted suicide. These findings suggest the need to provide accurate information about the prevalence of marijuana use on college campuses and to send the message that marijuana use is not normative on campuses. Because marijuana users are at high risk for engagement in health risk behaviors, they should be targeted in prevention programs.

Abuse of inhalants: a review

Inhalants, a chemically heterogeneous group of psychoactive substances found in adhesives, lighter fluids, spray paints, cleaning fluids and typewriter correction fluid, may be used by up to 10% of young people. This article reviews the health effects, epidemiology, risk of other substance use and addiction and psychiatric co-morbidity associated with the practice of inhalant use.