Risk Of Lateral Ankle Sprains Research Articles

Impact of specialized fatigue and backhand smash on the ankle biomechanics of female badminton players

During fatigued conditions, badminton players may experience adverse effects on their ankle joints during smash landings. In addition, the risk of ankle injury may vary with different landing strategies. This study aimed to investigate the influence of sport-specific fatigue factors and two backhand smash actions on ankle biomechanical indices. Thirteen female badminton players (age: 21.2 ± 1.9 years; height: 167.1 ± 4.1 cm; weight: 57.3 ± 5.1 kg; BMI: 20.54 ± 1.57 kg/m2) participated in this study. An 8-camera Vicon motion capture system and three Kistler force platforms were used to collect kinematic and kinetic data before and after fatigue for backhand rear-court jump smash (BRJS) and backhand lateral jump smash (BLJS). A 2 × 2 repeated measures analysis of variance was employed to analyze the effects of these smash landing actions and fatigue factors on ankle biomechanical parameters. Fatigue significantly affected the ankle-joint plantarflexion and inversion angles at the initial contact (IC) phase (p < 0.05), with both angles increasing substantially post-fatigue. From a kinetic perspective, fatigue considerably influenced the peak plantarflexion and peak inversion moments at the ankle joint, which resulted in a decrease the former and an increase in the latter after fatigue. The two smash landing actions demonstrated different landing strategies, and significant main effects were observed on the ankle plantarflexion angle, inversion angle, peak dorsiflexion/plantarflexion moment, peak inversion/eversion moment, and peak internal rotation moment (p < 0.05). The BLJS landing had a much greater landing inversion angle, peak inversion moment, and peak internal rotation moment compared with BRJS landing. The interaction effects of fatigue and smash actions significantly affected the muscle force of the peroneus longus (PL), with a more pronounced decrease in the force of the PL muscle post-fatigue in the BLJS action(post-hoc < 0.05). This study demonstrated that fatigue and smash actions, specifically BRJS and BLJS, significantly affect ankle biomechanical parameters. After fatigue, both actions showed a notable increase in IC plantarflexion and inversion angles and peak inversion moments, which may elevate the risk of lateral ankle sprains. Compared with BRJS, BLJS poses a higher risk of lateral ankle sprains after fatigue.

Does prior concussion lead to biomechanical alterations associated with lateral ankle sprain and anterior cruciate ligament injury? A systematic review and meta-analysis

ObjectiveTo determine whether individuals with a prior concussion exhibit biomechanical alterations in balance, gait and jump-landing tasks with and without cognitive demands that are associated with risk of lateral ankle...

Sex and occupation are salient factors associated with lateral ankle sprain risk in military tactical athletes

ObjectivesTo assess the risk of lateral ankle sprain (LAS) in male and female tactical athletes across different military occupations in the US military. DesignRetrospective cohort. MethodsThe Defense Medical Epidemiology Database was queried for the number of individuals with ICD-9 diagnosis codes 845.00 (sprain of ankle, unspecified) and 845.02 (calcaneofibular ligament sprain) on their initial encounter from 2006 to 2015. Relative risk (RR) and chi-square statistics were calculated assessing sex and occupational category on LAS risk. Results272,970 enlisted males (27.9 per 1000 person-years), 56,732 enlisted females (34.5 per 1000 person-years), 24,534 male officers (12.6 per 1000 person-years), and 6020 female officers (16.4 per 1000 person-years) incurred a LAS. Enlisted females in all occupational groups were at significantly higher risk for LAS than their male counterparts (RR 1.09–1.68; p<0.001), except for Engineers (p=0.15). Female officers had consistently higher risk for LAS in all occupational groups (RR 1.10–1.42; p<0.001) compared with male officers, except Ground/Naval Gunfire (p=0.23). Contrasted with Infantry, enlisted tactical athletes in the Special Operations Forces, Mechanized/Armor, Aviation, Maintenance, and Maritime/Naval Specialties were at lower risk (RR 0.38−0.93; p<0.001), Artillery, Engineers, and Logistics Specialties were at higher risk (RR 1.04–1.18; p<0.001), and Administration, Intelligence, and Communications were no different (p=0.69). Compared with Ground/Naval Gunfire officers, Aviation officers were at significantly lower risk (RR, 0.75; p<0.001), and Engineers, Maintenance, Administration, Operations/Intelligence, and Logistics officers were at higher risk (RR, 1.08–1.20; p<0.001). ConclusionsSex and military occupation were salient factors associated with LAS risk.

Effect of 8-week treadmill running with peroneal muscle functional electrical stimulation on laterally deviated centre of plantar pressure position and star excursion balance test performance.

IntroductionAnkle sprain is a common injury that can have long-term sequelae resulting in pain, swelling and a reduction of physical activity participation. Previous research has shown a laterally deviated centre of pressure (COP) during running gait increases the risk of lateral ankle sprain. As a method of altering COP, electrical stimulation has been considered.MethodA group of 14 healthy males were randomly allocated to case control groups which were single blinded. The intervention involved an 8-week training programme of functional electrical stimulation to the peroneal muscles during treadmill running, with a sham control group. Outcomes were COP position and star excursion balance test. Statistical analysis was through SPSS using a combination of MANOVA, T-tests and Wilcoxon signed rankResultsThere was a significant difference in the results post intervention at max pressure for intervention M = 0.7(±0.7) and control M = −6.0 (±4.6) conditions; t(6) = −2.9, p < 0.05ConclusionIt has been demonstrated that FES can alter COP during max pressure in running gait after an 8-week training programme, although carry over effect appears limited and further testing is required.

Does the Spraino low-friction shoe patch prevent lateral ankle sprain injury in indoor sports? A pilot randomised controlled trial with 510 participants with previous ankle injuries

BackgroundLateral ankle sprains are common in indoor sports. High shoe–surface friction is considered a risk factor for non-contact lateral ankle sprains. Spraino is a novel low-friction patch that can be...

Performance on a Single-Legged Drop-Jump Landing Test Is Related to Increased Risk of Lateral Ankle Sprains Among Male Elite Soccer Players: A 3-Year Prospective Cohort Study

Background: Soccer has a high injury rate, with lateral ankle sprains being a common injury. Therefore, an approach to prevent or at least reduce the occurrence is warranted. Injury prevention can be improved by identifying specific risk factors and individuals at risk. Purpose: To assess drop-jump landing performance as a potential predictor of lateral ankle sprain within 3-year follow-up. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Single-legged drop-jump landing tests were performed by 190 elite soccer players. Based on ground-reaction forces, 6 outcome measures were calculated that aim to reflect the impact and stabilization phase. Lateral ankle sprains were registered during up to 3 years of follow-up. Following a z score correction for age, a multivariate regression analysis was performed. Results: During follow-up, 45 players (23.7%) suffered a primary lateral ankle sprain. Of those, 34 were regarded as severe (absence >7 days). Performance was related to increased risk of ankle sprain (P = .005 for all sprains and P = .001 for severe sprains). Low mediolateral stability for the first 0.4 seconds after landing (a larger value indicates more force exerted in the mediolateral direction, resulting in rapid lateral stabilization) and high horizontal ground-reaction force between 3.0 and 5.0 seconds (a smaller value indicates less sway in the stabilization phase) were identified as risk factors. A player that scored 2 SD below average for both risk factors had a 4.4-times-higher chance of sustaining an ankle sprain than a player who scored average. Conclusion: The current study showed that following a single-legged drop-jump landing, mediolateral force over 0 to 0.4 seconds and/or mean resultant horizontal ground-reaction force over 3 to 5 seconds has predictive value with regard to the occurrence of an ankle sprain among male elite soccer players within 3 years.

Variability in center of pressure position and muscle activation during walking with chronic ankle instability

Chronic ankle instability (CAI) patients exhibit altered gait mechanics. The objective was to identify differences in stride-to-stride variability in the position of the center of pressure (COP) and muscle activity during walking between individuals with and without CAI. Participants (17 CAI;17 Healthy) walked on a treadmill at 1.3 m/s while surface electromyography (sEMG) of the fibularis longus (FL) and plantar pressure were recorded. The medial-lateral COP position was averaged for each 10% interval of stance and group standard deviations (SD), coefficient of variation (COV), and range for the COP position were compared between groups via independent t-tests. Ensemble curves for sEMG amplitude SD were graphed for the entire stride cycle to determine significant differences. The CAI group had increased COP position variability (SD (CAI = 0.79 ± 0.47 mm, Control = 0.48 ± 0.17 mm), COV (CAI = 1.47 ± 0.87 mm, Control = 0.93 ± 0.33 mm), range (CAI = 2.97 ± 2.07 mm, Control = 1.72 ± 0.33 mm, P < .05 for all analyses)) during the first 10% of stance. The CAI group had lower FL sEMG amplitude variability from 1 to 10% (mean difference = 0.014 ± 0.006), 32–38% (mean difference = 0.013 ± 0.004) and 56–100% (mean difference = 0.026 ± 0.01) of the gait cycle. Increased COP variability at initial contact may increase risk of lateral ankle sprains in CAI patients. Decreased sEMG amplitude variability may indicate a constrained sensorimotor system contributing to an inability to adapt to changing environmental demands.

تأثیر تقویت عضلات دور کننده ران و چرخاننده خارج ران بر آسیب اسپرین خارجی غیر برخوردی مچ پا در فوتبالیست‌ها و فوتسالیست‌های مرد: تحقیق تجربی کنترل شده

Introduction: Ankle sprain is one of the most common injuries in sport activities. Hip abductor and external rotator weakness may compromise lower extremity alignment and balance, and increase the risk of lateral ankle sprain. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of hip abductor and external rotator strengthening on non-contact lateral ankle sprain in male soccer and futsal players. Materials and Methods: This randomized controlled trial study was conducted on 200 soccer and futsal players which were randomly assigned to two groups. Control group participated in pre-season physical conditioning program which were 1 hour, 4 days a week for 8 weeks. Experimental group participated in the same program for 45 minutes and 15 minutes of selected hip abductor and external rotator strengthening program at each session. Hip abductor and external rotator strength was measured before and after 8 weeks of training. All the players were under surveillance for non-contact lateral ankle sprain during the one season of competition. Results: 8 weeks of selected hip abductor and external rotator strengthening program significantly improved hip strength more in experimental group compared to the control group. In addition, the experimental group significantly experienced less non-contact lateral ankle sprain compared to the control group. Conclusion: Adding isolated strengthening of hip abductor and external rotator to general physical conditioning program decrease the risk of non-contact lateral ankle sprain in male soccer and futsal players.

Hip Strength as an Intrinsic Risk Factor for Lateral Ankle Sprains in Youth Soccer Players: A 3-Season Prospective Study

Background: Numerous epidemiological studies have emphasized the burden of lateral ankle sprains in youth soccer players. However, no prospective study has identified intrinsic physical and modifiable risk factors for these injuries in this particular population. Although injury prevention programs in soccer incorporate proximal hip and core stability exercises, it is striking that the relationship between impaired proximal hip function and ankle sprains has not yet been prospectively investigated in youth soccer players. Hypothesis: This prospective study aimed to examine whether hip muscle strength is a risk factor for sustaining a lateral ankle sprain in youth soccer players. We hypothesized that decreased hip muscle strength would predispose youth soccer players to an increased risk of lateral ankle sprains. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: This study included a total of 133 male youth soccer players (age divisions U11-U17) for analysis. At the beginning of the season, anthropometric characteristics were collected and hip muscle strength was assessed using a handheld dynamometer. Injury registration was performed by the team medical staff during 3 consecutive seasons. A principal-component, multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to identify potential risk factors for sustaining a lateral ankle sprain. Results: Twelve participants (18% of all reported injuries) sustained a lateral ankle sprain (0.36 per 1000 athletic-exposure hours). After adjustment for body size dependencies and other hip muscle forces, an increase in hip muscle extension force was associated with a significant decrease in the hazard of the injury (hazard ratio, 0.3; 95% confidence interval, 0.1-0.9; P = .028). No other study variable could be identified as a risk factor for lateral ankle sprains. Conclusion: Reduced hip extension muscle strength is an independent risk factor for lateral ankle sprains in male youth soccer players. Other hip muscle strength outcomes were not identified as risk factors. Replication in larger samples with more injured cases is warranted to further ascertain the importance of this risk factor.

Comparison of plantar pressure distribution between different heel heights during incline treadmill walking

Gait characteristic affected by the foot–ground interface like various gradients, surfaces and different heel heights has been reported. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of changes in heel height and incline slope on plantar pressure distribution of the foot during treadmill walking. Plantar pressure parameters were measured with the PEDAR insole system in 18 undergraduate students at a fixed speed of 3.6 km/h and a gradually varied slope of 0°, 3.5° and 7° with two different shoe conditions: flat-heeled shoes (0.8 cm) and high-heeled shoes (6.6 cm). Compared with the flat-heeled shoes, a higher loading in medial forefoot and a lower loading in medial heel were found in high-heeled shoes in all slope conditions. When the slope increases, the variation amplitude reduces continuously. This, perhaps, causes a sudden reduction in the eversion angle of the foot while walking uphill in high-heeled shoes, and this may increase an individual’s risk of lateral ankle sprain.