Risk Of Harmful Use Research Articles

Prevalence of Online Gaming Addiction Amongst College Students, during Online Pedagogy, COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown, Tamil Nadu, India

Background: COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a shift from the traditional classroom setup to online method of teaching and learning. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of online gaming addiction among college students, during online pedagogy, COVID-19 pandemic lockdown, Tamil Nadu, India. Methods: A non-experimental descriptive research design was used. The study was conducted among individuals pursuing online collegiate pedagogy due to COVID-19 pandemic lockdown who had access to android mobile phones and who responded to the e-survey. Web-based link was created on Google forms and shared through WhatsApp application. A demographic profile sheet and Internet Gaming Disorder Scale were used to collect the data. Results: More than half of the respondents were non-disordered gamers (51.9%) and a minimum of them were disordered gamers (3.7%). Gender (P = 0.006), life time of first internet use (P = 0.023) and the purpose of Internet use (P = 0.021) were found to be significantly associated with online gaming addiction. Conclusion: The tools utilised to attain online pedagogy were often used to engage in online gaming. Synchronously individuals need to be educated of the risk of harmful use of the same technology in the event of losing control over it, the technology taking control over the individual, resulting in addiction.

Risk of harmful use of a particular type of psychoactive substance in adolescents with conduct disorders

The purpose of the study was a statistical evaluation of the role of clinical and anamnestic data for the risk of a particular type of substances use with the harmful effects in adolescents with conduct disorders. Were studied 293 adolescents with a diagnosis of “Conduct disorder” and comorbid diagnoses “Harmful substance use” (mean age - 15,3 ± 0,1 years). Patients were divided into 4 groups. 1 subgroup comprised 89 patients with comorbid diagnosis of “Harmful opioid use”. 2 subgroup comprised 95 patients with comorbid diagnosis of “Harmful inhalant use”. 3 subgroup comprised 57 patients with comorbid diagnosis of “Harmful alcohol drinking”. 4 subgroup consisted of 52 patients with comorbid diagnosis of “Harmful stimulant use”. The result was obtained by logistic regression equation to calculate the risk of supplies to the patients particular clinical subgroup on the basis of statistically significant variables (anamnestic data). For the harmful opioid use subgroup is: “Family history of substance abuse on the one line”, “Schooling program for masses”, status “Is not working/not learning”, “Living with a partner”. For the harmful inhalant use subgroup is: status “Is not working/not learning”, “Living in a boarding school”, “Escape from the house (or boarding)/temporary accommodation in a shelter”. For the harmful alcohol drinking subgroup is: “Half family”, “Correctional school program”, “Supporting school program”, status “Student school”, status “Is not working/not learning“ (negative contribution to the result variable prediction), “Living in a boarding school”. For the harmful stimulant use subgroup is: “Useful family history”, ”Orphan or the parent(s) deprived of their rights” (negative contribution to the result variable prediction), status “Is not working/not learning” (negative contribution to the result variable prediction), “Escape from the house (or boarding)/temporary accommodation in a shelter”, “Living with a partner”.

A comparison between somatic symptoms with and without clear organic cause: results of an international study.

The aim of this study was to determine differences between patients attending primary-care clinics with somatic symptoms for which no organic cause can be found, and those with a clear organic basis for their complaints. Physical and psychiatric morbidity was measured in 5447 subjects presenting for primary care in 14 countries. Subjects were recruited using a two-stage design from 26,969 consecutive attenders and 25,916 (96.5%) subjects were successfully screened using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). The response rate for the second-stage assessment was 63% and consisted of the Composite International Diagnostic Instrument adapted for use in primary care (CIDI-PHC), the 28-item GHQ, the Groningen Social Disability Schedule (GSDS) and GP ratings to assess physical psychiatric and social status. Patients who reached the threshold for the number of somatic symptoms (five or more symptoms) were then divided into two groups on the basis of whether their somatic symptoms were medically explained or not. The presence of somatic symptoms, irrespective of aetiology, was associated with increased social and psychiatric morbidity. In the case of non-medically explained symptoms there was a clear linear relationship while with medically explained symptoms psychiatric morbidity rose sharply in the presence of more than 11 symptoms. Patients who had five or more non-medically explained symptoms were significantly younger, had greater psychiatric morbidity, were at greater risk of harmful use of alcohol and reported greater social disability than those with a medical explanation for their somatic symptoms. Patients who had an excess of somatic symptoms in both categories had especially high rates of social and psychiatric morbidity. These results show a strong association between somatic symptoms irrespective of aetiology and psychiatric morbidity across disparate cultures.