Risk Of Eye Injury Research Articles

Blinded by smoke: Wildfire smoke exposure and eye irritation in australian wildland firefighters

PurposeWildfire occurrence is increasing worldwide, putting firefighters and general public at increased risk of eye injuries from smoke exposure. This study explored ocular symptoms and use of protective eyewear amongst wildland firefighters in Australia. MethodsAustralian wildland firefighters were invited to complete an online survey about the occurrence of eye irritation, use of protective eyewear and behaviours associated with occupational smoke exposure. Responses were analysed using logistic regression and qualitative inductive content analysis. Results338 wildland firefighters completed the survey. Eye irritation was reported by 90 % of firefighters at least sometimes during work and by 70 % after work. Frequency of eye irritation was greater amongst females than males (OR 2.01, CI 1.22–3.31, p < 0.001). Protective eyewear was used often or always by 67 % of firefighters on the fireground, however 55 % had to remove their protective eyewear due to sweat, fogging or another reason. Goggles were more likely to be removed compared to sunglasses and safety glasses (OR 4.28, CI 2.75–6.68, p < 0.001).Firefighters reported that, at times smoke exposure necessitated eye closure and impaired vision on the fireground. Firefighters also reported that protective eyewear helped to reduce eye symptoms, but its consistent use on the fireground was difficult. The severity and recovery from eye symptoms varied between participants. ConclusionAustralian wildland firefighters frequently experience eye irritation from smoke exposure, and this can affect operational capabilities. These findings can support the development of evidence-based strategies to help protect and aid recovery of the eye surface following smoke exposure.

Biomechanical evaluation of different plunger size and plunger position on removing soft contact lenses and rigid gas permeable contact lenses.

To avoid risks of mucosal infection from contact lenses removal, a contact lens plunger is often used. Given various types of contact lens plungers available on the market, no study has yet been done on mechanical effects of the contact lens plunger on contact lens removal. Here, this study used finite element analysis to investigate the effects of plunger size and plunger position on the removal of soft and rigid gas permeable (RGP) contact lenses. First, we established finite element analysis models for the plunger, contact lens, cornea, and aqueous humor. The plunger is made of mostly silicone rubber, and the contact lenses are mainly made of soft and hard material. The part of the plunger used for removal was located either at the central or the edged position, with pulling 1 mm distance. The main parameters observation indicators of in this study were the reaction force at the fixed end of the cornea, aqueous humor, the von Mises stress of the plunger, the contact lenses, and the cornea. Results of this study showed that when a plunger of a larger diameter was used, the reaction force of the plunger was also larger, especially when applied to RGP lenses, which required a slightly larger force (∼0.27 N). Also, when removing a RGP lens from the edge, there was a greater stress at the edge of the contact lens (2.5799 MPa), and this caused a higher stress on both the cornea (0.0165 MPa) and the aqueous humor (0.00114 MPa). When using a plunger with a larger diameter to remove a RGP lens, although a larger force required, the relatively larger contact area likely reduced the stress on the cornea and aqueous humor, thereby reducing the risk of eye injury. In addition, when removing a RGP lens, the results of this study recommended it to be removed from the plunger edge, as that facilitated the removal of contact lens.

Challenging Management in Work-Related Eye Injuries: A Case Report of Steam Boiler Explosion-Induced Open Globe Injury

Introduction : Work-related eye injuries (WREIs) are major health problems leading to vision loss worldwide. In this study, we reported a case of WREIs from blast injury caused by a steam boiler explosion&#x0D; Case Illustration : A 55-year-old male, laundry worker presented to the emergency unit with pain, bleeding, and sudden vision loss in the left eye, 8-hours after a blast injury from steam boiler. He was conscious with normal vital signs. He had lacerations to his left eyelid, frontal, and temporoparietal. Ocular examination revealed a visual acuity of no light perception, full-thickness laceration of the lower eyelid and inferior canalicular, diffuse subconjunctival hemorrhage, corneoscleral laceration with choroidal expulsion, and active bleeding. On investigation, B-scan ultrasonography revealed vitreous hemorrhage and CT scan showed no orbital fracture. He underwent evisceration, eyelid reconstruction, and lacrimal canaliculi repair surgery under general anesthesia and planned to custom-made ocular prosthesis.&#x0D; Discussion : WREIs include eyeball injuries, eye adnexa injuries, eyelid lacerations, and orbital wall fractures that occur during work-related activities. The incidence of WREIs is higher in men aged 20-40 years. In this case, the patient presented with an open globe injury resulting in sudden vision loss, requiring urgent surgical intervention to prevent further complications. Ocular prostheses can provide acceptable aesthetics and improve the patient's quality of life by helping them to integrate into society.&#x0D; Conclusion : WREIs can lead to permanent vision loss and require urgent surgical intervention. Employers must prioritize workplace safety by providing adequate training and appropriate eye protection such as safety goggles to minimize the risk of eye injuries.

Eye injuries in badminton – players’ perspective toward the usage of personal protective equipment

ABSTRACT Objective We conducted a survey between April to September 2021 to understand the perspective of badminton players on the usage of personal protective equipment to avoid eye injuries. Methods The survey was conducted online. It was disseminated through various social media platforms and via e-mail. The survey was initially shared with university-level badminton players. Both recreational and professional players were included. They were further encouraged to circulate the survey questionnaire among their colleagues. Results In total, the survey received 372 responses. After removing possible duplicates and incomplete responses (n = 28), 92.5% (n = 344) of the responses were included in the final analysis. Among the 344 included responses, recreational and professional players accounted for 77.6% (n = 267) and 22.4% (n = 77), respectively. The mean age ± SD of the recreational and professional players were 24.1 ± 6.3 years (range 14–60 years) and 25.7 ± 6.0 years (range 14–61 years), respectively. A significant difference was noted for self-reported eye injuries between recreational and professional players while playing badminton (χ2 value = 5.321, p = 0.02). Among the recreational and professional players, 93.6% (n = 250) and 88.3% (n = 68) did not use protective eyewear while playing badminton. Professional players were at higher risk of eye injuries than recreational players (OR = 2.9, 95% CI = 1.1–7.8). Conclusion The majority of badminton players in both groups agreed that PPE usage would lower the risk of sustaining eye injuries; however, they are ambiguous about the usage of protective eyewear. In contrast, players with self-reported eye injuries were aware of its impacts and encouraged the usage of PPEs associated with badminton. Further studies are warranted to understand and educate badminton players about the causes and impacts of eye injuries in badminton.

The prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of Staphylococcus spp. on ocular surfaces of fighting bulls (Bos indicus) in Thailand.

fighting bulls have a high risk of eye injuries, and opportunistic conjunctival bacterial flora may cause subsequent eye diseases. There is little information about the ocular health care of fighting bulls in Thailand. Thus, this study aimed to estimate the prevalence of Staphylococcus spp. from the eyes of fighting bulls and investigate their antimicrobial susceptibility. The samples were collected from the right conjunctival sacs of 105 fighting bulls. Biochemical tests and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry were used to identify bacteria to genus and species levels. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by agar disk diffusion. Staphylococcus spp. (36.84%, 56/152) were the most detected bacteria. The most prevalent Staphylococcus spp. was Staphylococcus chromogenes (37.50%, 21/56). The susceptibility test revealed that all isolates were susceptible to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (56/56, 100%) and most were susceptible to chloramphenicol and gentamicin (54/56, 96.43%). The highest resistance rates were seen for tetracycline and doxycycline (23.21%, 13/56) followed by erythromycin (19.64%, 11/56). In addition, S. chromogenes isolates were evaluated for their ability to produce biofilms by a quantitative biofilm production assay. A total of 21 isolates exhibited biofilm production, independent of their antimicrobial susceptibility. Three multidrug-resistant isolates were found, including two Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates and a single S. chromogenes isolate. As antimicrobial resistant bacteria were detected on the eye surface, veterinarians should always conduct antimicrobial susceptibility testing before using antimicrobial agents. The results from this study will help to improve the standard of eye treatment for fighting bulls in Thailand.

Eye Injuries Caused by Wooden Projectiles in Finland.

Eye injuries can cause decreased vision or even blindness, and predispose to future complications. Wood as an independent cause of eye injuries has infrequently been the focus of the studies. The aim of this study is to report the current population-based epidemiology, treatment, use of resources and outcomes of eye injuries caused by sticks, branches, and other wooden projectiles in Finland. The study included all patients injured by wooden projectiles with ocular or orbital traumas over a 1-y period. Patients were treated at the Helsinki University eye hospital, which covers a population of 1.5 million. The follow-up time was 3 mo. Wooden projectiles caused 67 eye injuries and compromised 6% of all eye traumas during 1 y. Of the patients, males predominated (76%) and 22% were children under 17 y. Injury was most likely in spring (36%) and in males aged 51 to 67 y. The most common activity to cause injury was playing (27%), but in relation to time spent in each activity, the highest risk for eye injury was in gardening. Diagnoses were mild superficial trauma (54%), blunt ocular trauma (37%), eyelid wound (4%), orbital fracture (3%), and open globe trauma (1%). Permanent disability was estimated for 10% and a need for lifelong follow-up was estimated for 37%. Eleven patients needed major surgeries. Wooden projectiles often cause serious eye injuries, permanent disability, and a need for lifelong follow-up. Caution is required to protect the eyes when playing with sticks and during gardening, forest work, and woodwork.

English

Ocular trauma has been described as one of the major aetiologies of monocular and non-congenital visual impairment and blindness in all parts of the world. Eye trauma constitutes 7% of all bodily injuries and 10%–15% of all eye diseases.1 Over 2.4 million eye injuries occur each year in The United States of America.2 Globally, there are approximately 1.6 million people who are blind from eye injuries, 2.3 million are bilaterally visually impaired, and 1.9 million have unilateral visual loss.3,4 Ocular trauma can be classified as closed and open globe injuries. Open globe injuries can be a rupture, penetrating injury, perforating injury or intra ocular foreign body.5 A perforating injury is defined as an injury that consists of two full thickness wounds - one entry and one exit wound.6 It usually occurs due to a projectile object travelling at a high velocity and kinetic energy that is capable of penetrating two opposite coats of the globe. Perforation injuries are common and cause severe visual impairment. Panda et al. presented a profile of ocular trauma in Delhi in which they observed that among the type of injuries, perforating injuries accounted for 75.3%, blunt injuries for 20.5% and extra- ocular for 4.2% of the total number of ocular trauma cases. Further the visual outcome in perforating injuries was &gt; 6/12 in 14 %; 6/18- 6/60 in 14% and less than 6/60 in 55.2% of the cases. 7 Profile of ocular trauma varies with country, geography, industrialisation and development of the place. These injuries do not occur as random events and there is evidence that some individuals are at increased risk because of exposure to hazards and/or inability to avoid or detect hazards.8 Some individuals are at increased risk of eye injury as a result of their occupation. Small scale and large-scale industrial workers constitute a group of individuals at high risk. These workers are exposed to such hazards as flying metal chips, burns in the eye and injury from radiation.9 Ludhiana and neighbouring areas are heavily industrialised mainly, with metalrelated products and therefore, there are more chances of industrial ocular trauma. We are reporting two unusual cases related to ocular trauma. The first one is that of an alleged accidental injury to the right eye with a piece of hack saw blade whereas the second case report is that of a dental student who injured his eye by orthodontic wire which is used for making braces.

Neonatal Eye Shielding during Phototherapy: What Protects the Eye Better?

Phototherapy remains an important component of the management of unconjugated neonatal jaundice, a major cause of newborn morbidity. During phototherapy the toxic unconjugated form of bilirubin is converted to nontoxic form through action of light delivered by phototherapy. An important possible complication of phototherapy is retinal damage and therefore eye protective measures are taken during therapy to prevent this from occurring. Devices currently in use for phototherapy are capable of providing intensive phototherapy with the attendant increased risk of eye injury. The materials used in providing eye protection are varied among care providers. A dearth of information exists on shielding provided by the commonly used eye protectors during phototherapy, more so during intensive phototherapy. To evaluate the shielding provided by the different eye protectors commonly used in our setting under intensive phototherapy. Five materials in use for eye shielding were obtained. Using an institutional built light emitting diode phototherapy device, intensive phototherapy was provided and the irradiance at varying distances of 35 cm, 25 cm, 15 cm and 10 cm was measured using an Olympic bili meterTM Natus. At the distance of each measured irradiance the different eye protective materials were then placed one after the other over the surface of the measuring sensor of the meter and the irradiance measurement was recorded. Two measurements were taken for each material at each distance and the average irradiance measurement was then recorded for each of the materials tested at that distance. Five eye shielding materials in use were identified: black cotton fabric, white cotton fabric, black cotton fabric with foam, white cotton fabric with foam and gauze. The black cotton fabric with or without foam at the phototherapy device irradiances of 30, 46.3, 58.7 and 75.4 µw/m2/nm recorded 0 irradiance. Black cotton fabric with or without foam pad provided the most shielding under intensive phototherapy.

Safety During Ureteroscopy: Radiation, Eyes, and Ergonomics.

It is known that urologic surgeons are at risk of work-place injury due to the physical requirements of operating and exposure to hazards. These hazards include radiation, exposure to body fluids, use of laser energy, and orthopedic injury due to the physical nature of operating. The risks that these hazards present can be mitigated by implementing several evidence-based safety measures. The methods to protect against radiation exposure include keeping radiation usage in the operating room as low as reasonably achievable, donning lead aprons, and wearing protective glasses. Additionally, protective glasses decrease the risk of eye injury from laser injury and exposure to body fluids. Finally, practicing sound surgical ergonomics is essential to minimize the risk of orthopedic injury and promote career longevity. The interventions discussed herein are simple and easy to implement in one's daily practice of urology.

Epidemiology of Sports-Related Eye Injuries Among Athletes in Tianjin, China.

Purpose: To investigate the incidence, characteristics, and risk factors of sports-related eye injuries among athletes in Tianjin, China.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out from March 2018 to October 2018. In this study, the athletes from Tianjin University of Sports, Tianjin Vocational College of Sports, and Tianjin provincial sports teams were selected for general investigation. In total, 1,673 athletes were invited and 1,413 participated in the study (response rate of 84.5%).Results: In total, 1,413 athletes were enrolled; 151 had suffered from sports-related eye injuries, with an incidence of 10.7% (95% CI: 9.1–12.0%). Handball (38.5%) was the sport with the highest incidence of eye injuries, followed by water polo (36.4%) and diving (26.7%). Overall, 42.4% of the athletes were injured by ball and 22.5% of injuries came from teammates. The eye injuries usually occurred during training (64.2%) and competitions (14.6%). Adnexa wound (51.7%) was the most common type of injury. About 11.9% of the athletes with eye injuries had the impaired vision; 66.7% failed to see doctors on time. The athletes <18 years of age had a higher risk of eye injuries (odds ratio [OR] =1.60, 95% CI: 1.06–2.40). The athletes with lower family income (<1,000 RMB) were at risk population for sports-related eye injuries (OR = 3.91, 95% CI: 2.24–6.82). Training >4 h a day increased the risk of eye injuries (OR = 2.21, 95% CI: 1.42–3.43).Conclusion: The incidence of sports-related eye injuries among athletes was 10.7% in Tianjin, China. Handball, water polo, and diving were the most common activities of injury. Age, family income, and training time were the risk factors for sports-related eye injuries.

Prone Positioning Covid-19 Patients: A Double-Edged Sword-A Case Report of a Devastating Ocular Complication.

In the late 1970s, prone positioning was established as an efficient treatment for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Currently, with the world facing a global health crisis due to the COVID-19 pandemic, it has become an accepted routine practice in intensive care units dealing with critically ill COVID-19 patients. Ophthalmic complications associated with the prone position are not a novelty in clinical practice. Indeed, it is estimated that in patients undergoing spine surgery, prone positioning carries a tenfold increased risk of eye injury when compared to supine and lateral positioning. The majority of these complications are treatable ocular surface disorders, but irreversible sight-threatening conditions also occur. We report a unique and dramatic case of a ruptured globe in a COVID-19 patient placed in prolonged prone position, emphasizing its difficult diagnosis and management while focusing on life-saving support.

Factors Associated with The Risk of Eye Injury on Industrial Welding Workers in the Informal Sector in Barumun District, Padang Lawas Regency

Factors Associated with The Risk of Eye Injury on Industrial Welding Workers in the Informal Sector in Barumun District, Padang Lawas Regency

Identification of Ocular Trauma Pattern with Risk and Prognostic Factors in the North Bund Area of Shanghai

Background: Ocular trauma is a leading cause of blindness. Identification of ocular trauma pattern is necessary for better ocular trauma prevention and treatment. Objective: The aim of this study is to identify ocular trauma pattern in the North Bund area of Shanghai. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted with 206 ocular trauma patients at Shanghai General Hospital. Results: A gender related ocular trauma pattern was identified that consists of several risk and prognostic factors. Of 206 ocular trauma patients, 182 patients were males (88.35%) and only 24 patients were females (11.65%). Males had significantly higher percentage of penetrating/intraocular foreign body injuries compared to females, which is associated with age and occupation. A significantly higher average monthly percentage of ocular trauma is observed in summer, suggesting that season change alters the risk of eye injury. Although proper treatments of complications are beneficial for patients, the visual outcome is determined by the location and size of injuries. Conclusion: We identified a gender related ocular trauma pattern with several risk and prognostic factors in the North Bund area of Shanghai.

Eye Injuries and Visor Use in the National Football League

NFL players without a visor sustain more eye injuries than players with visors. There is a trend of increased visor in recent years and visor usage is variable depending on player position, BMI, and ethnicity.

Assessment Of General Ocular Health And Visual Status Of The Small-Scale Industrial Workers

BACKGROUND: Incidence of visual disorders in industrial workers may result in visual loss, anguish, reduced manpower, man hours and economic loss. Most of these hazards are preventable if adequate precautionary measures are taken. [8,11] Worker’s eyes may be exposed to a variety of dangerous agents depending on the type of industry which may constitute an occupational hazard. According to OSHA, personal protective equipment is devices design to protect workers’ eyes from severe work place injury or illness resulting from contact with metal splash, chemical splash, dust, flying particle or radiation. [14,16] So the aim of the study is to assess Ocular Health, Visual & Refractive status of the workers working in the metal machinery (small scale) industries. METHODS: A clinical examination of the workers was accompanied by detailed occupational history in the small scale & tiny sector metal machinery industries. Visual acuity was measured using Snellen’s chart for distance and N notation reading chart for near. Color vision testing was done with Pseudoisochromatic-Ishihara chart. Anterior segment of eye was examining with the help of torch light and SLE. Fundus evaluation was done with the help of direct ophthalmoscope. Objective & Subjective Refraction was performed using Retinoscope and trial case. Stereopsis was measured with the help of Titmus Fly test. RESULTS: Hundred and eighty small scale industry workers were screened. Among them, all were male with a mean age (45.5 ± 11.31 years). 74% showed Visual impairment. The most common visual disorders were uncorrected presbyopia 65% (117), uncorrected refractive error 59% (106) out of which 17% (30) were already use their own spectacle prescription remaining 42% (76) were prescribed new spectacle. Color vision defect was found in 2% (3). Out of hundred and eighty only 11% (19) of the workers were use protective eye wear, remaining 89% (161) of them were never use protective eye wears on daily basis. CONCLUSION:This study concluded that uncorrected refractive error and uncorrected presbyopia was high among workers as they are not aware about eye health and safety measures for the occupation. The use of safety eye devices is low among workers and recommends that process about awareness and implementation of ocular safety in these industries is established as occupational protective measures are important for metal machinery industrial workers who are at a high risk of eye injuries. It is recommended that, there is a need to review the design, and reinforce the strict implementation of occupational eye safety programs.

State of Eye Protection for Metal Welders in the Workshops of Conakry

Introduction: Welders are an occupational group at high risk for eye injuries. The aim of this study was to investigate the state of eye protection of metal welders in the workshops of Conakry. Material and Methods: The study was cross-sectional, descriptive, and included 180 welders from 45 welding workshops in the city of Conakry for a period of three months. It involved all welding professionals working in an informal unit selected by the study and who had agreed to participate in the study. Results: The average age of the participants was 33.9 ± 13.4 years, with extremes of 15 and 68 years. The study found that 99% of the welders owned glasses, 27% owned face shields, and 49% owned welding masks. Goggles were used regularly by 86% of the welders but were not suitable for welding (98%). All welders had reported having had an eye injury at least once. Foreign bodies were cited in 81%, arc strike in 65%; eye burns in 61%. However, approximately 81% of welders did not have first aid kits at their work sites. Conclusion: The use of protective equipment during welding remains very low in the workshops of Conakry, which is the cause of great ocular morbidity among welders.

Effects of screen size and visual presentation on visual fatigue based on regional brain wave activity

Advances in information technologies have resulted in people spending increasing amounts of time staring at electronic screens. Long-term use of computers, mobile phones, and tablets can cause eye soreness and fatigue, but can also cause more serious conditions including myopia, cataracts, and glaucoma. This study assesses changes in brain wave activity detected by eight electrodes targeting different brain regions to identify and assess the brain wave patterns in the regions associated with visual fatigue under various visual presentation methods. Furthermore, linear discriminant analysis and Min–Max scaling techniques are applied to develop a visual fatigue assessment model to quantify visual fatigue. Finally, experiments are run to assess the impact of screen size (smartphone, tablet, computer) and visual presentation mode (2D, 3D, AR, VR) on visual fatigue. This study finds that (1) the brain wave features which influence the reaction to 2D and 3D imaging are the delta and theta waves at the prefrontal Fp1 and Fp2 poles. When viewing AR images, the alpha bands at the O1 and O2 poles of the occipital lobe show a relatively clear impact, while the delta and theta waves at the C3 pole in the left center area are associated with VR images; (2) larger screens cause greater visual fatigue, indicating that excessive visual stimulation will increase visual loading and thus produce greater visual fatigue; (3) the results show that VR can cause quite severe visual fatigue, along with motion sickness passed on sensory mismatch. Therefore, it is recommended to avoid viewing experiences that are inconsistent with the brain’s physiological experience, such as walking while viewing a mobile phone, or reading in a moving car. The proposed visual fatigue assessment model provides easy and objective quantification of visual fatigue indicators, contributing to the reduction of risk for eye injury and disease.

Personal protective eyewear usage among industrial workers in small-scale enterprises

BackgroundWork-related eye injury causes significant vision loss. Most of these injuries are preventable with appropriate eye safety practices. We aimed to study industrial workers’ perceptions of Personal Protective Eyewear (PPE) and its usage in a high income developing country.MethodsA field-based cross-sectional study in small-scale industrial entities was performed in Al-Ain City, UAE during the period of October 2018 to June 2019. Five hundred workers completed a pretested structured questionnaire. Data on demographics, occupational history, work hazard awareness, and PPE usage at their work place were collected.ResultsThe workers were experienced, with a median of 15 years in practice. The majority (80%) learned their work skills through apprenticeship (i.e., on-the-job) training. Most (85%) were involved with activities presenting eye injury risk, and were highly aware of this. None of the workers used safety goggles or glasses all the time for activities that need PPE usage. Five percent never used PPE in the workplace. The main reason for not using PPE was the work demands (95%) and poor vision through the lenses (75%). Young age and less work experience were associated with less PPE usage (P < 0.0001). Wearing prescription spectacles had a positive correlation with usage of safety goggles (P = 0.005) and a negative correlation with welding helmet usage (P < 0.0001).ConclusionsThere was a high level of awareness about the value of PPE in the workplace which was not translated into real practice. Educational programs promoting eye safety practices and proper PPE usage should be adopted by workers in small-scale industrial settings.

Eye Injuries and Related Risk Factors among Workers in Small-scale Industrial Enterprises

ABSTRACT Purpose We aimed to study eye injuries and their risk factors among workers at small-scale industrial enterprises. Methods Cross-sectional descriptive study. Five hundred workers at small-scale industrial enterprises in Al-Ain City, United Arab Emirates were included. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was used to collect data by direct interviews during the period of October 2018 through June 2019. The outcome measures included self-reported eye injuries, risk factors, and outcomes in the past 12 months. The study adhered to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki. Results One-hundred seventy-five (35%) workers reported eye injury, 25 (14.3%) had recurrent injuries. Twenty-five (15%) received treatment for eye injury. Five percent were hospitalized. Workers who had an eye injury were less educated compared with those who did not (p < .0001), received less safety training (p < .0001), had less work experience (p < .0001), used more spectacle correction glasses (p < .0001), and had less usage of the safety eye goggles and safety eyeglasses (p < .0001) compared with those who had no eye injury. Arc welding (76; 43.4%), chipping (25; 14.3%), and drilling (24; 13.7%) were associated with high risk for eye injury. Twenty-eight percent of eye injuries occurred to observers or working assistants. Conclusions This study has shown a high percentage of eye injury incidents among workers at small-scale industrial enterprises. This was associated with low usage of the safety eye goggles and glasses. Arc welding posed significant risks for eye injury. This information is useful for safety promotion and development of work-related eye injury prevention legislations.

Injuries in badminton: A review

The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the injury risks in badminton, by exploring and takes a global approach related to the eyes, and upper and lower limbs. This explain how the injury occurred and as well as medical and training recommendations for athletic population. Badminton injuries are around 1–5% of all sports injuries. It ranked six after soccer, basketball, volleyball, long-distance running and cycling. Such knowledge could help coaches and fitness trainers focus on the specific muscular activities required to prevent injuries. The relationship between scientists and coaches, particularly in terms of biomechanics and physiotherapy, will help improve performance and prevent injury. Badminton will be influenced by the evolution of intensity of the game. It is apparent that the movement patterns and movement demands are related to an increase in injuries and the generation of new injuries. Eye injury occurs when shuttlecock impact from an opponent's stroke. Wearing glasses can considerably reduce the risk of eye injury. Injuries to the arm and shoulder are due to faulty technique, while leg and back injuries are caused mainly by a lack of strength or mobility. The contribution of the trunk to the prevention of lower limb injuries suggests that specific attention should be paid to this area. Fatigue influences the way that lunges are performed, and the jump is received by making these tendons less powerful and more unstable. Training program increases body strength to prevent injuries. L’objectif de cette revue est de fournir un aperçu sur les risques de blessures en badminton en explorant et en adoptant une approche globale des blessures des yeux, des membres supérieurs et inférieurs. Cela explique comment la blessure a eu lieu et de ce fait, propose des recommandations médicales et d’entraînement pour les sportifs. Les blessures en badminton sont autour de 1–5 % des blessures sportives. Elles sont classées sixième après celles du football, du basketball, du volleyball, de la course à pied et du vélo. Les connaissances pourraient aider les entraîneurs et les préparateurs physiques à se focaliser sur les activités musculaires spécifiques dans la prévention des blessures. La relation entre les scientifiques et les entraîneurs, notamment en biomécanique et en physiothérapie contribuera à améliorer les performances et prévenir les blessures. Le badminton sera influencé par l’évolution de l’intensité des échanges. Il est visible que les modèles et les exigences des mouvements vont augmenter le nombre de blessures et d’en générer de nouvelles. Une blessure oculaire survient suite à un coup de volant frappé par l’adversaire. Le port de lunette peut réduire considérablement le risque de blessure aux yeux. Les blessures au bras et à l’épaule sont dues à une mauvaise technique, tandis que les blessures aux jambes et au dos sont principalement causées par un manque de force ou de mobilité. La contribution du tronc dans la prévention des blessures des membres inférieurs suggère une attention toute particulière à cette zone. La fatigue influence la production des fentes et la réception des sauts rend les tendons moins puissants et plus instables. Les programmes ciblés d’entraînements augmentent la force du corps afin de prévenir les blessures.