Risks Of Excessive Use Research Articles

Extraterritorial application of China’s Marine Environmental Protection Law: Towards effective marine environmental protection enforcement

In 2023, China’s Marine Environmental Protection Law was secondly revised, in which the extraterritorial provisions in marine environmental protection were evolved and highlighted. Through enforcing the extraterritorial provisions, it is possible for China to pay attention and control marine pollution or ecological damage that occurs beyond the territory and safeguard the national marine environment. However, China has not carried out any enforcement practices based on the extraterritorial provisions of the Marine Environmental Protection Law. As a responsible participant in marine environment governance and driven by the need to address marine environmental threats posed by foreign countries, China has a sufficient rationale for introducing extraterritorial enforcement in marine environment protection from a broader perspective. However, given that extraterritorial enforcement in the marine environmental protection field is not adopted universally, China’s future extraterritorial enforcement activities will face risks of excessive use, and a series of dilemmas may inevitably arise during the enforcement practices. Analyzing the potential dilemmas of China’s extraterritorial enforcement in marine environment protection, corresponding suggestions are provided to avert excessive extraterritorial enforcement and promote the effectiveness of extraterritorial enforcement activities to protect essential national marine environmental interests.

Substance use among young people during the COVID-19 pandemic

The article discusses issues reflecting the use of psychoactive substances among young people during the COVID-19 pandemic. Adolescence is an important stage of development, during which the foundation is often laid for future patterns of substance use. Both the amount and frequency of use during this period are closely related to the risk of excessive use and substance abuse in adulthood. The use of alcohol, tobacco and other drugs in youth worsens psychological and neurocognitive development and increases the risk of academic failure, chronic and mental illnesses. Thus, the prevention of substance use among young people remains an important public health priority worldwide. Effective strategies should include educational campaigns, psychological support, and access to quality medical care. In addition, it is also necessary to provide youth with opportunities for an active lifestyle so that they can find alternative ways to relax and overcome stress. The support and care provided by parents, family and friends, as well as the structure, supervision and support provided by teachers and school staff, also play an important role.

Characteristics of Internet, Smartphone, and Social Media Usage among Generation Z in South Jakarta after the COVID-19 Pandemic

The amount of internet usage has increased following the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. In order to reduce the transmission of COVID-19, the government implemented a policy mandating remote learning. Generation Z finds learning online at home enjoyable, and there is a growing trend of using the Internet for educational purposes. This study examined the characteristics of Internet, smartphone, and social media usage among Generation Z during the COVID-19 pandemic, which is expected to diminish by early 2022. A descriptive study was conducted, and data was collected through a survey of 50 respondents belonging to the Gen Z demographic, specifically aged 12-15 years, in South Jakarta. The research variables encompassed internet usage, smartphone usage, social media usage, and information regarding internet usage. The data analysis performed univariate analysis. The research results showed that the characteristics of Gen Z in South Jakarta are spending between 1 and 8 hours on social media. Most of them owned and used smartphones. Popular platforms for Gen Z were YouTube, TikTok, WhatsApp, Instagram, and Telegram. They posted photos, videos, and stories on social media but rarely trusted the information there. WhatsApp groups were also used for the learning process. Gen Z got information about internet usage from the people around them. To prevent the risks of excessive use of the Internet, smartphones, and social media, education for Gen Z still needs to be a concern.

The effect of social media and infodemic on mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: results from the COMET multicentric trial.

On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the status of pandemic due to the COVID-19 infection. The initial phases of the pandemic were characterized by uncertainty and public fears. In order to cope with such unexpected conditions, people adopted different coping strategies, including search for information, accessing Internet, and using social media. The present study based on the COMET collaborative research network aims to: (1) assess use of Internet and of social media among the Italian general population; (2) explore differences in web usage between people with pre-existing mental disorders and the general population; (3) identify changes over time in social media usage along the phase 1 of the pandemic; (4) identify the clinical, socio-demographic and contextual predictors of excessive use of social media. A significant increase in time spent on Internet, with an average time of 4.8 ± 0.02 h per day, was found in the global sample of 20,720 participants. Compared with the general population, Internet use was significantly higher in people with pre-existing mental disorders (5.2 ± 0.1 h vs. 4.9 ± 0.02; p < 0.005). According to the multivariate logistic regression model, the risk of excessive use of social media and Internet was significantly higher in people with moderate levels of depressive symptoms (OR: 1.26, CI 95%: 0.99 to 1.59, p < 0.0.005); while protective factors were being students (OR: 0.72, CI 95%: 0.53 to 0.96, p < 0.0029) and living in central Italy (OR: 0.46, CI 95%: 0.23 to 0.90, p < 0.002). The evaluation of social media and Internet use by the general population represents a first step for developing specific protective and supportive interventions for the general population, including practical suggestions on how to safely use Internet and social media.

A Work Time Control Tradeoff in Flexible Work: Competitive Pathways to Need for Recovery

Work time control may offer opportunities, but also implies risks for employee recovery, influenced by increased work-related ICT use and overtime work. However, this risk-opportunity tradeoff remains understudied. This study aimed to test two different models of associations between work time control, work-related ICT use, overtime work, and the need for recovery. These models were constructed based on data on office workers with flexible work arrangements. Cross-sectional data were obtained with questionnaires (n = 2582) from employees in a Swedish multi-site organization. Regression models treated the three determinants of the need for recovery either as independent, or as linked in a causal sequence. The test of independent determinants confirmed that more work time control was associated with less need for recovery, whereas more ICT use and overtime work were associated with a higher need for recovery. In a test of serial mediation, more work time control contributed to a greater need for recovery through more ICT use and then more overtime work. Work time control also had a competitive, indirect effect through a negative association with overtime work. Our results suggest that work time control is beneficial for employee recovery, but may for some be associated with more work-related ICT use after regular working hours, thus increasing recovery needs. Policies that support work time control can promote recovery, but employers must attend to the risk of excessive use of ICT outside of regular working hours.

The Protective Role of Resilience in the Development of Social Media Addiction in Tertiary Students and Psychometric Properties of the Slovenian Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS).

With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, social media became one of the most utilized sources of information relating to the disease. With the increased reliance on social media, the risk of excessive use and the development of social media addiction emerges. The aim of the present study was to explore the psychometric properties of the Slovenian version of the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale, and to explore how psychological resilience affects social media addiction symptoms directly and indirectly through symptoms of depression, anxiety and mental distress. A large online cross-sectional study was conducted in March 2021 among Slovenian tertiary students (N = 4868). The results showed the high reliability, unidimensionality and criterion validity of the Slovenian Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale. The proposed structural model fit the data well and showed a significant direct positive effect of depression and stress on social media addiction. Moreover, the majority of the negative effects of psychological resilience on social media addiction (87.2%) were indirect, through depression and stress symptoms, whereas resilience had a significantly smaller impact on social media addiction by reducing anxiety symptoms. The overall prevalence of social media addiction symptoms was 4.6%, with females exhibiting higher proportions than men. Additionally, female social media users reported a complete absence of social media addiction symptoms less often compared to males. Future research should further explore the mechanisms behind social media addiction, in order to gain a better understanding of the apparently different risk levels for both genders.

Trends in the Use of Low and No-Calorie Sweeteners in Non-Alcoholic Beverages in Slovenia.

Excessive sugar intake and the associated increased obesity risk indicate that food reformulation is needed. Non-alcoholic beverages are often high in free sugars, making reformulation with low and no-calorie sweeteners (LNCS) a common choice. Our knowledge of the use of LNCS in the European food supply is, however, very limited. This study aimed to evaluate the trends in the use of LNCS in different non-alcoholic beverages in the Slovenian food supply over the course of two years. We assessed which LNCS are most used and how the use of LNCS affects energy and sugar content. We analyzed labeling information of non-alcoholic beverages in selected grocery stores, covering the majority of the Slovenian food supply. Selected grocery stores were located in the capital city (Ljubljana). LNCS were present in 13.2% and 15.5% of non-alcoholic beverages in the years 2017 and 2019, respectively. The use of LNCS has significantly increased only in energy drinks (p < 0.01). The most used LNCS in 2017 were acesulfame K, aspartame, and cyclamates. In 2019 the use of sucralose increased significantly (p < 0.01) to become the second most used LNCS. Energy and sugar content varied between subcategories, which depended on the presence of added sugar and LNCS. Comparison between the energy value and the presence of the LNCS showed an almost 50% lower energy content of beverages containing both added sugar and LNCS (E2017 = 92.8 kJ; E2019 = 96.2 kJ per 100 mL), compared with beverages with only added sugar (E2017 = 161.8 kJ; E2019 = 159.0 kJ per 100 mL). In beverages sweetened only with LNCS, the difference was even more noticeable (E2017 = 22.3 kJ; E2019 = 14.3 kJ per 100 mL). Results show that the use of LNCS can help producers reduce the energy value of non-alcoholic beverages. Still, compared to other countries, the offer of such products in the Slovenian food supply is relatively low. However, due to possible public health risks of excessive use of LNCS, producers should be further encouraged for reformulation and production of less sweet products without LNCS, enabling consumers to adapt to less sweet taste of beverages. Further monitoring of LNCS in the food supply is therefore recommended, preferably also with consideration of sales data.

Cyberdependency and School Performance among Students in 3rd Grade of Bingerville High School

This study examines the link between cyberdependency and school performance among students in the 3rd grade of the Mamie Houphouët Fêtai High School in Bingerville. It covers a sample of one hundred and ninety (190) female students between the ages of 14 and 17. Students’ addiction to the Internet and social networks is measured using a questionnaire based on Vavassori et al. (2002) and Young’s Internet Addiction Test in its French version validated by Khazaal (2008). As for academic performance, they are verified using the end-of-term scoring matrices. The results, obtained using student T and Anova, show that students in the third grade using the Internet as teaching tools have higher academic performance than their peers who use it as entertaining instruments. All these different results are explained by the models of Zuckerman (1969) and Viau (1994). Ultimately, this study will inform and raise awareness among students, educational system actors and parents about the risks of excessive use of the Internet and social networks on school learning.

Analisis Persepsi Stakeholder dalam Penanganan Risiko Pestisida sebagai Dasar Penyusunan Policy Brief di Kabupaten Brebes

The use of pesticides that are not completely on target creates residues and has a negative impact on health and the environment. The lack of guidance from stakeholders and the lack of knowledge about the dangers of pesticides cause farmers to ignore the risks of excessive use of pesticides. Preventive efforts are needed to reduce the impact of pesticide use, so that the policy brief could be prepared as an effort to minimize the impact of pesticide use through more effective policy recommendations that is to be addressed to local governments and related agencies. This research used a qualitative approach. The sample in this study consisting of the community health centre officers, the Health Service and the Agriculture Service. Stakeholder perceptions in policy making were influenced by knowledge factors, family background factors and need factors. The policy brief was prepared based on the results of interviews and focus group discussions with informants relating to the impact of and the prevention of the use of pesticides excessive. The stages of preparing a policy brief start from determining the problem and audience, creating a policy framework, writing an executive summary and reviewing the results of the policy brief. Perception stakeholders for developing the use of pesticides to have not run optimally even though we already be a job and the program as a clear. The need for monitoring and evaluation counseling and flanking by stakeholders to farmers periodically 6 months.

Reporting pesticide abuse through data mining in agriculture: The case of Nazilli - Turkey

Data mining involves certain methods of obtaining or inferring meaningful and otherwise-unknown information from the data. With the increasing significance of precision agricultural practices, farmers have become inclined to be engaged in a more conscious strategy of agriculture. Farmers use pesticides to destroy a disease or other hazard on their plants. Nevertheless, it has been learned over time that pesticides have harmful effects on human health and the environment. Although many farmers are aware of the risks of excessive use of agricultural pesticides, they still use them to get a faster yield and to maximize financial gain or minimize financial loss. Data received from Aydin Nazilli District Directorate of Agriculture was carefully organized and evaluated with the classification algorithms in the SPSS Clementine software. C5.0 and CR&T algorithms were employed in this study. It was thereby observed that, contrary to the conventional wisdom of most farmers, the excessive use of pesticides actually leads to a decrease in the yield obtained from the product, proportional to the measured dose.

Effect of Nigella Sativa Extract on Inflammatory Cells, Interleukin-10, Interferon-γ and Histological of Kidney in Monosodium Glutamate-Induced Rats

There is considerable evidence, suggest that, consumption of food additives monosodium glutamate (MSG), a flavor enhancer was unhealthy. Herbal medicine Nigella sativa (NS) has antioxidant properties able to cure the toxic induced by MSG. This study aimed to evaluate the risks of excessive use of MSG and to study the role of NS to inhibit inflammation and renal damage. Treated rats (twenty four male wistar rats) were divided into six group and analyzed by measuring the cells in blood, interleukin-10, interferon-γ serum levels by ELISA method and remove kidneys for histological examination. Histological of kidney for all groups except control, were showed different abnormalities include congestion of some blood vessels, hemorrhage between tubules, widening in the renal tubules, revealed severe dilatation of Bowman's capsule and shrinkage of glomeruli, and areas of huge vacuole, were observed compared with control. Interleukin-10 was reduced in Groups 2,3,4 and 5, whereas increase in NS group compared with control. Interferon-γ was increased in groups 2,3,4 and reduced in groups 5,6 compared with control. Eosinophil was increased in groups 2,5 and reduced in groups 3,4, 6 compared with control. This present study showed that administration of MSG to rats induced many changes effects on inflammatory cells, cytokines and histological of kidneys. NS has benefit in blood parameters, whereas harmful on kidney at these doses.

Modulating Effect of Nigella sativa on Renal Structural Changes by Monosodium Glutamate in Female Mice

There is considerable evidence, suggest that, consumption of food additives monosodium glutamate (MSG), places humans at risk and the greatest risk is faced by children. The present work aimed for explaining the risks of excessive use of recent food additives MSGasa flavor enhancer and to study the role of black seeds extract Nigellia sativaas a natural and safe product in modulating effect of renal structural changes in female mice. Eighty female Swiss albino mice Musmusculus (2 months old, 20-25 g) divided into 4 groups (20 females each). The first group was used as control one (given distilled water only without MSG and/ or NS). The second group, (given orally a dose of 8 mg MSG/kg of body weight in distilled water). The third group, (given orally a dose of 180 mg powder NS/kg of body weight suspended in distilled water )and the fourth group, (given orally a dose of 8 mg MSG and 180 mg powder NS/kg of body weight in distilled water). Mice were sacrificed at the end of 10 weeks to remove kidneys for histological and histochemical studies. Histological and histochemical investigations of kidney of MSG group showed several changes include dilation and congestion of some blood vessels, certain cells of convoluted tubules affected comprising cellular swelling, hydropic changes, necrosis, enlarged dilation of several convoluted tubules. Investigation also showed infiltration of large number of inflammatory lymphocytes and abnormality in the pattern of kidney tissues and distortion of some glomeruluithat appeared enlarged or lobulated and sometimes congested with red blood cells. Also increased intensity of collagen fibers, proteins and lipids with the general lack of glycogen granules was observed as compared with controls one. The result of this work showed the role of Nigellia sativa extract as a natural and safe product in modulating renal structural changes in female Swiss albino mice treated with MSG and explained the risks of excessive use of MSGas a flavor enhancer.

Exploring saturation levels for sponsorship logos on professional sports shirts: a cross-cultural study

The study extends the research on visual imagery in advertising to sports marketing. The results suggest that excessive on-shirt advertising is wasteful for sponsorships and harmful for team image. However, a strategy of moderate advertising increases the brand recall rate and does not harm the team's image. From a managerial perspective, this study highlights the risks of excessive use of sponsor logos and provides a framework for determining the optimal level of on-shirt advertising for professional teams.

Exploring saturation levels for sponsorship logos on professional sports shirts: a cross-cultural study

The study extends the research on visual imagery in advertising to sports marketing. The results suggest that excessive on-shirt advertising is wasteful for sponsorships and harmful for team image. However, a strategy of moderate advertising increases the brand recall rate and does not harm the team's image. From a managerial perspective, this study highlights the risks of excessive use of sponsor logos and provides a framework for determining the optimal level of on-shirt advertising for professional teams.

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