Risk Of Excessive Bleeding Research Articles

Cardiac amyloidosis and left atrial appendage closure: a multicenter retrospective study

Abstract Background Thromboembolic stroke risk remains a clinical challenge in cardiac amyloidosis (CA) patients with atrial fibrillation because of the increased prevalence of left atrial appendage thrombi irrespective of CHA2DS2-VASc score and a higher prevalence of factors that increase the risk of bleeding with anticoagulation. Left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) is an effective option in patients with atrial fibrillation and high bleeding risk; however, data describing a LAAC strategy for stroke prevention in patients with CA is limited. Among non-CA patients, procedural success and serious complication rates are around 98% and 3% respectively. Purpose In this multicenter retrospective study, we aimed to investigate whether left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) could reduce the risk of bleeding complications and ischemic cerebrovascular events in patients with CA. Methods In an international multi-center retrospective study, patients with CA that underwent LAAC were included. The diagnosis of CA was established on the basis of histologic confirmation or advanced multimodality cardiac imaging as per current consensus statements. Results A total of 28 patients (93% male; 87% ATTR-CA; 13% AL-CA; mean age 80 years) met inclusion criteria. At baseline, mean CHA2DS2-VASc and HAS-BLED scores were 4 and 3 respectively, mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 50%, and mean indexed left atrial volume was 58 mL/m2. 21% of patients had a prior history of ischemic stroke, 14% prior history of hemorrhagic stroke, 7% prior transient ischemic attack, and 54% had a prior history of major or minor bleeding. Procedural success was achieved in 26 patients (93%) with procedural complications occurring in 2 patients (vascular access site bleeding and cardiac tamponade). Regarding in-hospital and follow-up complications, 0% ischemic stroke, 0% hemorrhagic stroke, and major or minor bleeding in 4% of patients. During follow up, device thrombosis occurred in only 1 patient. Conclusion LAAC is a feasible and effective alternative to anticoagulation in patients with CA and excessive bleeding risk, with procedural success and complication rates similar to reported studies of non-CA patients.

Impact of Ticagrelor vs. Clopidogrel in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome Undergoing Left Main Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Abstract Objective: There is limited evidence regarding the choice of P2Y12 receptor inhibitors as a component of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) in patients with left main (LM) disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). This study aimed to evaluate long-term clinical outcomes of ticagrelor- vs. clopidogrel-based DAPT strategy in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients undergoing LM PCI. Methods: This is a post-hoc analysis from a prospective, single-center, real-world PCI registry. A total of 1,163 patients discharged post-ACS who underwent LM PCI and received ticagrelor or clopidogrel between March 2016 and March 2019 were included in the study. The primary endpoint was ischemic events at 12 months, including cardiac death, myocardial infarction, or stroke. Secondary outcomes included all-cause death and Bleeding Academic Research Consortium types 2, 3, and 5, and types 3 and 5 bleeding. Propensity score matching was used to adjust for bias due to confounders between the 2 groups. Results: The ticagrelor and clopidogrel groups comprised 529 (45.49%) and 634 (54.51%) patients, respectively. During the follow-up period, ticagrelor significantly reduced the rate of ischemic events compared to clopidogrel before (1.32% (7/529) vs. 3.63% (23/634), P = 0.0136) and after propensity score matching (1.41% (6/425) vs. 4.00% (17/425), P = 0.0201). The rates of all-cause death, Bleeding Academic Research Consortium-defined type 2, 3, and 5 bleeding, and type 3 and 5 bleeding were similar between the ticagrelor group and clopidogrel group before or after propensity score matching adjustment (all P > 0.05). Conclusion: Among patients with ACS undergoing LM PCI, ticagrelor use was associated with ischemic events benefit without excessive risk of bleeding at 12 months compared with clopidogrel.

Surgical orthodontics in a patient with β-thalassaemia major. A case report

Treating patients with prognathic maxillae is a multifaceted process, especially when dealing with thalassaemia complications. This case study addresses the issue of severe maxillary protrusion in a woman living with β-thalassaemia major who had presented with pronounced maxillary protrusion, lip incompetence and an everted upper lip. Following initial alignment and levelling using the 0.018inch standard edgewise system, the patient underwent a Le Fort I osteotomy procedure. Segmental osteotomy was ruled out owing to the heightened risk of excessive bleeding. The outcomes demonstrated successful management of the thalassaemic patient through presurgical orthodontics, LeFort I osteotomy, and subsequent post-surgical orthodontics and periodontics. The patient exhibited improved facial aesthetics after an active treatment period of 4 years. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Orthodontic treatment for patients with β-thalassaemia major and skeletal Class II malocclusion with prognathic maxillae requires a multidisciplinary approach, including Le Fort I osteotomy and careful management of elevated bleeding risks

Aspirin in Primary Prevention: Looking for Those Who Enjoy It.

Based on a wealth of evidence, aspirin is one of the cornerstones of secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. However, despite several studies showing efficacy also in primary prevention, an unopposed excess risk of bleeding leading to a very thin safety margin is evident in subjects without a clear acute cardiovascular event. Overall, the variability in recommendations from different scientific societies for aspirin use in primary prevention is a classic example of failure of simple risk stratification models based on competing risks (atherothrombosis vs. bleeding), perceived to be opposed but intertwined at the pathophysiological level. Notably, cardiovascular risk is dynamic in nature and cannot be accurately captured by scores, which do not always consider risk enhancers. Furthermore, the widespread use of other potent medications in primary prevention, such as lipid-lowering and anti-hypertensive drugs, might be reducing the benefit of aspirin in recent trials. Some authors, drawing from specific pathophysiological data, have suggested that specific subgroups might benefit more from aspirin. This includes patients with diabetes and those with obesity; sex-based differences are considered as well. Moreover, molecular analysis of platelet reactivity has been proposed. A beneficial effect of aspirin has also been demonstrated for the prevention of cancer, especially colorectal. This review explores evidence and controversies concerning the use of aspirin in primary prevention, considering new perspectives in order to provide a comprehensive individualized approach.

Impact of early bleeding on long-term mortality after left atrial appendage occlusion

BackgroundShort-term antithrombotic therapy is recommended after left atrial appendage occlusion(LAAO) to reduce the risk of device-related thrombosis(DRT). However, patients referred for LAAO have excess bleeding risk. Yet, short-term bleeding events post-LAAO are not well characterized. ObjectiveWe aimed to evaluate the incidence of early bleeding post-LAAO and its association with long-term mortality risk. We also sought to identify predictors of early bleeding. MethodsPatients who underwent LAAO at Mayo Clinic between 2018 and 2023 were included. Early bleeding was defined as bleeding that occurred within three months of discharge. A multivariable Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess the association between early bleeding and death and to estimate the hazard ratio(HR). Multivariable regression analysis was used to identify predictors of early bleeding. ResultsAmong the 592 patients included, 389(66%) were male, and mean age was 75.6 years. Eighty-three patients(14.0%) experienced early bleeding, with the majority having minimal(63.4%) or minor(17.3%) bleeding. At a median follow-up of 14.4 months(IQR 4.2-27.9), early bleeding after LAAO was associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality (adjustedHR, 2.07; 95%CI, 1.15-3.75; P=0.02). A history of intracranial bleeding, non-paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, CHA2DS2VASc score, and early DRT were independent predictors of early bleeding. Anti-thrombotic therapy on discharge was not associated with early non-procedural bleeding. ConclusionsOne in seven patients experience a non-procedural bleeding event within 90 days after LAAO. Early bleeding after LAAO is associated with a higher all-cause mortality during mid-term follow-up. Further studies are needed to optimize the management of patients undergoing LAAO.

The Impact of Prior Obesity Surgery on Bleeding after Abdominal Body Contouring Surgery.

Body contouring surgery removes excess skin and fat, often after massive weight loss. Some reports suggest that patients who have previously undergone obesity (bariatric) surgery are at excess risk of subsequent bleeding, possibly due to complex nutritional and metabolic sequelae of massive weight loss. A retrospective cohort study of intraoperative blood loss and postoperative bleeding indicators were examined for patients who had undergone abdominoplasty. Participants were categorized based on their history of previous obesity surgery, and outcome variables were compared using odds ratio, followed by subgroup comparison between a history of restrictive versus malabsorptive obesity surgery. The study included 472 patients, of which 171 (36.2 %) had a history of obesity surgery. Mean age was 40.4 years, and 402 (85.1%) participant were women. Fifty-five (11.6%) patients were smokers whereas 65 (13.7%) were hypertensive. Mean body mass index before surgery was 30.2 kg per m2, and average time between obesity and body contouring surgery (if applicable) was 35.8 months. Patients with a history of obesity surgery exhibited greater intraoperative blood loss (162.2 mL versus 132.1 mL; P = 0.001), drainage volume at 24 h (155 mL versus 135 mL; P = 0.001), and total drainage volume (300ml versus 220 mL; P = 0.001). Postoperative hematoma requiring surgical re-exploration was almost three times higher following a history of obesity surgery (4.7% versus 1.7 %; P = 0.05). History of obesity surgery increases intraoperative blood loss, postoperative serosanguinous drainage volumes, and the risk of postoperative hematoma requiring surgical evacuation after abdominal body contouring procedures.

Hemostatic management of von Willebrand disease during childbirth with a plasma-derived von Willebrand factor/factor VIII concentrate

BackgroundFemales with von Willebrand disease (VWD) do not show the same increases in von Willebrand factor and factor (F)VIII levels during pregnancy as females without VWD and are at higher risk of excessive bleeding associated with childbirth. Data on hemostatic management for childbirth in VWD patients are limited. ObjectivesTo evaluate the dosing, efficacy, and safety of plasma-derived von Willebrand factor/FVIII (wilate) for prevention of excessive bleeding associated with childbirth in females with any type of VWD. MethodsData for females with VWD who received wilate for hemostatic coverage for childbirth during 2 prospective clinical studies were analyzed. ResultsTen females with VWD and a mean age at enrolment of 29.6 years were treated with wilate to prevent excessive bleeding associated with childbirth. Two patients had type 1, 4 had type 2 (2 2A, 1 2B, and 1 2M), and 4 had type 3 VWD. Of the 10 deliveries, 5 were by cesarean section. Patients received a mean of 9.5 infusions of wilate over 6.8 exposure days, with a mean total dose of 234 IU/kg per delivery and 25 IU/kg per infusion. Hemostatic management for all deliveries was rated excellent or good, with no excessive bleeding during delivery and no postpartum bleeding during the period of wilate treatment in any patient. Two patients experienced 8 possible or probable treatment-related adverse events; all were mild or moderate and resolved. No thromboembolic events were observed. ConclusionThe results of this case series indicate that wilate provided effective hemostatic cover for childbirth in females with VWD during delivery and postpartum.

Converting IMPROVE bleeding and VTE risk assessment models into a fast-and-frugal decision tree for optimal hospital VTE prophylaxis

AbstractCurrent hospital venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis for medical patients is characterized by both underuse and overuse. The American Society of Hematology (ASH) has endorsed the use of risk assessment models (RAMs) as an approach to individualize VTE prophylaxis by balancing overuse (excessive risk of bleeding) and underuse (risk of avoidable VTE). ASH has endorsed IMPROVE (International Medical Prevention Registry on Venous Thromboembolism) risk assessment models, the only RAMs to assess short-term bleeding and VTE risk in acutely ill medical inpatients. ASH, however, notes that no RAMs have been thoroughly analyzed for their effect on patient outcomes. We aimed to validate the IMPROVE models and adapt them into a simple, fast-and-frugal (FFT) decision tree to evaluate the impact of VTE prevention on health outcomes and costs. We used 3 methods: the “best evidence” from ASH guidelines, a “learning health system paradigm” combining guideline and real-world data from the Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), and a “real-world data” approach based solely on MUSC data retrospectively extracted from electronic records. We found that the most effective VTE prevention strategy used the FFT decision tree based on an IMPROVE VTE score of ≥2 or ≥4 and a bleeding score of <7. This method could prevent 45% of unnecessary treatments, saving ∼$5 million annually for patients such as the MUSC cohort. We recommend integrating IMPROVE models into hospital electronic medical records as a point-of-care tool, thereby enhancing VTE prevention in hospitalized medical patients.

Ticagrelor vs clopidogrel when coadministered with bivalirudin in patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention

BackgroundThe optimal perioperative antithrombotic strategy for patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remains controversial. ObjectivesTo determine the safety and effectiveness of bivalirudin plus ticagrelor vs bivalirudin plus clopidogrel in patients with ACS undergoing PCI in the real world. MethodsBetween March 2016 and March 2019, 7234 patients with ACS who had undergone PCI, received bivalirudin periprocedurally, and were prescribed ticagrelor or clopidogrel were enrolled in a single-center, all-comer, modern, retrospective cohort study. Incidence rates of 12-month ischemia (cardiac death, myocardial infarction, or stroke), all-cause death, Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) type 2,3,5 bleeding, and BARC type 3,5 bleeding were compared between different groups. ResultsIn total, 4960 patients received bivalirudin plus clopidogrel and 2274 patients received bivalirudin plus ticagrelor. Compared with bivalirudin plus clopidogrel, bivalirudin plus ticagrelor was associated with lower ischemic events (1.74% vs 2.84%; relative risk, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.41-0.91; P = .02) and stroke (0.05% vs 1.01%, P < .001) within 12 months after PCI without excessive risk of bleeding (BARC type 2,3,5 bleeding: 4.49% vs 3.76%, P = .22; BARC type 3,5 bleeding: 2.84% vs 2.02%, P = .08). The beneficial effects of bivalirudin plus ticagrelor were consistent among subgroups. ConclusionAs an initial treatment strategy, bivalirudin plus ticagrelor could reduce the 12-month risk of ischemic events compared with bivalirudin plus clopidogrel significantly without increasing the bleeding risk in ACS patients undergoing PCI.

Optimal antithrombotic strategy in patients with atrial fibrillation beyond 1 year after drug-eluting stent implantation: Design and rationale of the randomized ADAPT AF-DES trial

BackgroundBoth anticoagulation and antiplatelet therapies are recommended after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Although contemporary guidelines recommend discontinuation of antiplatelet therapy 1 year after drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation due to excessive bleeding risk, supporting randomized trials are still lacking. MethodsThe ADAPT AF-DES trial is a multicenter, prospective, open-label, randomized, non-inferiority trial, enrolling 960 patients with AF with a CHA2DS2-VASc score > 1, who underwent PCI with DES implantation at least 12 months before enrollment. Eligible patients are randomly assigned to receive either non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant (NOAC) monotherapy or NOAC plus clopidogrel combination therapy. The primary outcome is net adverse clinical event (NACE) at 1 year after randomization, defined as a composite of all-cause death, myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis, stroke, systemic embolism, and major or clinically relevant non-major bleeding, as defined by the International Society on Thrombosis and Hemostasis criteria. We hypothesize that NOAC monotherapy would be non-inferior to NOAC plus clopidogrel combination therapy for NACE in patients with AF beyond 12 months after DES implantation. ConclusionsThe ADAPT AF-DES trial will evaluate the efficacy and safety of NOAC monotherapy versus NOAC plus clopidogrel combination therapy in patients with AF beyond 12 months after PCI with DES implantation. The ADAPT AF-DES trial will provide robust evidence for an optimal antithrombotic strategy in patients with AF after DES implantation. Clinical trial registrationhttps://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT04250116.

Argatroban as an Add-On to rtPA in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Current treatment options for acute ischemic stroke, including intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) and mechanical thrombectomy, have undoubtedly revolutionized stroke care. The need for additional treatment options has brought into the light direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs) and, specifically, argatroban as a promising candidate. However, there is uncertainty regarding the safety of adding argatroban to IVT, mainly due to the increased hemorrhagic risk. In this study, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis examining the safety and efficacy of argatroban as an add-on treatment for IVT. The following databases were searched from inception until the 14th of May 2023: Pubmed/MEDLINE, ClinicalTrials.gov, the EU Clinical Trials Register, EMBASE/Scopus, and the Cochrane Library. Only randomized clinical trials (RCTs) enrolling patients with acute ischemic stroke who underwent IVT evaluating the add-on use of any DTIs were selected for the systematic review and further meta-analysis. The PRISMA guidelines were followed at all stages. Four studies with argatroban were included in the final analysis. Analysis of risk ratio and relative risk shows that the add-on therapy with argatroban seems to be effective and favors a good clinical outcome (mRS 0-2) at 90 days, similar to that of alteplase. All studies showed a low pooled incidence of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (5%), parenchymal hematoma (3%), and other major bleeding (1%). Argatroban as an add-on treatment to IVT seems not to be associated with excessive bleeding risk; however, its efficacy remains unproven. According to this synopsis of the currently available evidence, it is premature to use argatroban as an add-on to IVT treatment outside the current clinical trial setting.

Perioperative management in haemophilia with extended half-life factors: a case series

Hemophilia B is a hereditary bleeding disorder characterized by deficient or defective coagulation factor IX, leading to a propensity for recurrent bleeding episodes, particularly in the joints. Management of Hemophilia B in surgical settings poses unique challenges due to the risk of excessive bleeding. This paper presents a series of two cases that demonstrate the effective use of perioperative extended half-life (EHL) factor IX products, specifically N9-GP (Refixia), in the surgical management of Hemophilia B. The cases include total knee replacement and total hip replacement. In each case, early initiation of EHL was observed to maintain adequate factor IX levels and control perioperative bleeding effectively, leading to successful surgical outcomes. These findings support the growing body of evidence suggesting the advantages of EHL perioperative treatment in patients with Hemophilia B, particularly in preparation for surgery. The implementation of EHL factor IX products as part of perioperative management plans may contribute to improved surgical outcomes and overall quality of life in Hemophilia B patients.

Chronic antiplatelet therapy in prevetion of cardiovascular diseases (in population of elderly) from the perspective of oral health: Cardiologic safety versus complications risk. Influence of oral diseases on global health risk in elderly

Introduction and purpose: Oral cavity diseases are a common problem in everyday clinical practice, particularly important in the context of elderly people affected by numerous chronic diseases, on the verge of frailty. These patients are often characterized by an increased risk of cardiovascular events, but also an increased risk of bleeding, which is the reason for dentists' doubts regarding the maintenance or suspension of chronic antiplatelet therapy in the periprocedural period. The aim of our work is to present the risks of untreated oral diseases and to summarize the current knowledge and recommendations on the use of antiplatelet drugs during surgical dental treatment.&#x0D; Description of the state of knowledge: It has been proven that the ongoing disease processes in the oral cavity exacerbate the course of chronic diseases by several different mechanisms, the best known of which are: opening the gates to the bloodstream, blood circulation of inflammatory mediators and direct colonization of the respiratory tract by microorganisms from the focal point in the oral cavity. According to current research, standard dental surgeries can be safely performed in patients taking antiplatelet drug(s) chronically without the need to discontinue therapy in the periprocedural period. The risk of prolonged or excessive bleeding in such patients is not significantly increased, and bleeding complications that occur can be managed with local haemostasis measures. &#x0D; Conclusions: Prevention and early treatment of oral diseases can protect against their negative global impact on health. There is no indication to interrupt chronic antiplatelet therapy with one or two drugs prior to standard dental procedures.

Association between daily aspirin therapy and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma according to metabolic risk factor burden in non-cirrhotic patients with chronic hepatitis B.

Several studies have demonstrated chemopreventive effects of aspirin against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). To investigate the associations of aspirin use with risks of HCC, liver-related mortality, and major bleeding according to metabolic risk factor burden among non-cirrhotic patients with CHB METHODS: Using the Korean National Health Insurance Service database, we identified 282,611 non-cirrhotic adults with CHB. Data on obesity, diabetes, high blood pressure, and hypercholesterolemia were collected. Subjects were stratified into lower and higher metabolic risk groups (≤2 and ≥3 risk factors, respectively). Propensity score-matched cohorts of aspirin users and non-users were generated. Risks of HCC, liver-related death and major bleeding were analyzed. During the median follow-up of 7.4 years, positive associations between metabolic risk factor burden and outcomes were verified (all ptrend < 0.001). In the lower metabolic risk group (13,104 pairs), the association between aspirin use and HCC risk was not significant after multivariable adjustment (adjusted subdistribution hazard ratio [aSHR]: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.84-1.03); however, aspirin use was associated with elevated major bleeding risk (aSHR: 1.22; 95% CI: 1.08-1.39). In the higher metabolic risk group (2984 pairs), aspirin use was associated with reduced risks of HCC (aSHR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.57-0.91) and liver-related mortality (aSHR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.50-0.96) without an increase in risk of major bleeding (aSHR: 1.02; 95% CI: 0.79-1.32). Aspirin therapy was associated with reduced risks of HCC and liver-related death without excess risk of major bleeding, in non-cirrhotic patients with CHB who had a higher metabolic risk factor burden.

Contemporary Use of Ticagrelor vs Clopidogrel in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A GRACE Risk Score Stratification–Based Analysis in a Large-Scale, Real-World Study From China

ObjectiveTo evaluate potential gains in outcomes from ticagrelor-based strategy according to risk stratification by Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) score. MethodsA total of 19,704 patients discharged alive post–acute coronary syndrome who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention and received ticagrelor or clopidogrel between March 2016 and March 2019 were included in the study. The primary endpoint was ischemic events at 12 months, composed of cardiac death, myocardial infarction, and/or stroke. Secondary outcomes included all-cause mortality and Bleeding Academic Research Consortium type 2 to 5 and 3 to 5 bleeding. ResultsThe ticagrelor group comprised 6432 (32.6%) patients and the clopidogrel group comprised 13,272 (67.4%) patients. During the follow-up period, there was a significant reduction in the incidence of ischemic events in patients treated using ticagrelor who had excessive risk of bleeding. According to the GRACE score, among low-risk patients, ticagrelor use compared with clopidogrel was not associated with decreased ischemic events (HR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.57 to 1.17; P=.27) with excessive risk of Bleeding Academic Research Consortium type 3 to 5 bleeding (HR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.16 to 2.17; P=.004). The risk of ischemic events (HR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.41 to 0.89; P=.01) were lower in the intermediate- to high-risk patients treated with ticagrelor without significant difference in BARC type 3 to 5 bleeding risk (HR, 1.11; 95% CI, 0.75 to 1.65; P=.61). ConclusionThere was still a gap between guideline-indicated therapy and the clinical practice in a sizable subset of patients with acute coronary syndrome who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention. The GRACE risk score could identify patients who would derive benefit from the ticagrelor-based antiplatelet strategy.

Time for Routine Helicobacter pylori Screening in Coronary Artery Disease?

Time for Routine Helicobacter pylori Screening in Coronary Artery Disease?

Thyroidea ima artery multiple branching pattern over the trachea

PurposeThe current cadaveric report describes a rare case of a thyroidea ima artery (TIA) with multiple branching pattern over the trachea.MethodsA cadaver dissection of the neck and thorax region of a formalin-embalmed 90-year-old male cadaver of a body donor took place. The body donation was made after a signed informed consent.ResultsThe TIA variant originated from the brachiocephalic artery before its bifurcation into the right common carotid artery (CCA) and right subclavian artery (SCA). TIA further divided into three anterior and two posterior branches, with subsequent multiple division into smaller branches. All branches were located anterior and right side to the trachea. The anterior branches supplied the infrahyoid muscles and the posterior ones supplied the thyroid gland inferior lobes and the inferior parathyroid glands. The TIA coexisted with a brachiocephalico-carotid trunk, derived after the left CCA and brachiocephalic artery fusion.ConclusionThe presence of multiple arterial branches over the trachea creates a high risk for excessive bleeding during tracheotomy or cricothyroidotomy.

Perioperative Monitoring with Rotational Thromboelastometry in a Severe Hemophilia A Patient Undergoing Elective Ankle Surgery.

We read with great interest the report from Tsantes et al[1] describing the ability of rotational thromboelastometry to identify patients at high risk for bleeding, transfusion requirements, and excessive bleeding in major orthopaedic surgery, as published in a recent issue of Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis. We therefore wish to report a case of hemophilia A that was successfully monitored using rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) in orthopaedic perioperative management during arthrodesis.

Minor Oral Surgery with Out Stopping the Daily Low Dose of Aspirin Therapy

OBJECTIVES Patients with the low-dose long-term aspirin regime have a severe risk of excessive bleeding during surgery, placing them at risk of "adverse thrombotic events". This study aims to evaluate the bleeding in patients undergoing minor oral surgery procedures without stopping daily low-dose aspirin therapy. METHODOLOGY A descriptive cross-sectional hospital-based investigation involved the patient with minor oral surgery at "Altamash Institute of Dental Medicine, Karachi, Pakistan" from mid-April 2021 to mid-June 2021, who were between the age group 30 to 75 with a low-dose aspirin regime. The data was collected via a questionnaire to record the variables, i.e. duration of aspirin, postoperative medications, platelets count, clotting time, normal bleeding time, and intraoperative bleeding time. RESULTS 51 patients, of which 32 were males while 19, were females. The normal bleeding time was comparatively analyzed with the intraoperative bleeding time using SPSS statistical software version 22. The results revealed that the mean bleeding time for the patients with a low-dose aspirin regime during minor oral surgery was 5.49 ± 1.07, while for the patients with a stopped aspirin dose was 4.57 ± 1.07. The comparative analysis using a t-test doesn't reveal significant statistical differences of p&lt;0.05 between both groups. CONCLUSION We concluded that minor oral surgical procedures could safely be done without altering or stopping the low-dose, long-term aspirin regime.

British Society for Haematology guideline for anticoagulantmanagement of pregnant individuals with mechanical heart valves.

British Society for Haematology guideline for anticoagulantmanagement of pregnant individuals with mechanical heart valves.