Risk Of Depression Research Articles

The impact of tea consumption on the risk of depression: A Mendelian randomization and Bayesian weighting algorithm study.

The precise impact of tea consumption on the risk of depression remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the relationship between the consumption patterns of tea and the likelihood of depression onset, utilizing a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) methodology. We utilized available genome-wide association study (GWAS) datasets on tea intake and depressive disorders. To investigate the causal relationship between tea consumption and depression, we employed a set of two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) methods. These included the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) analysis, weighted median approach, and MR-Egger regression. Additionally, we utilized MR-PRESSO and the MR-Egger intercept test for the detection of pleiotropic effects. To ensure the robustness and consistency of our findings, a sensitivity analysis was carried out, applying the 'leave-one-out' strategy. The Bayesian weighted Mendelian randomization (BWMR) was employed to conduct additional testing on the obtained results. The study's outcomes revealed a causal association between increased tea intake and an increased risk of depression (Inverse-Variance Weighted Analysis: Odds Ratio [OR] = 1.029, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.003-1.055, p = 0.027). This was observed despite variations in instrumental variables and the nonexistence of horizontal pleiotropy. Furthermore, the robustness of our Mendelian Randomization investigation was affirmed through the implementation of the 'leave-one-out' method in our sensitivity analysis. The findings from BWMR were in line with those obtained from IVW (BWMR: OR=1.030, 95% CI: 1.003-1.057, p = 0.029). The results from this study indicate a substantial and positive causal link between the regularity of tea drinking and the risk of depression onset.

EBNA-1 and VCA-p18 immunoglobulin markers link Epstein-Barr virus immune response and brain’s myelin content to fatigue in a community-dwelling cohort

Given the association of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) with subjective perception of fatigue and demyelination in clinical conditions, the question about potential subclinical effects in the adult general population remains open. We investigate the association between individuals’ EBV immune response and perceived fatigue in a community dwelling cohort (n=864, age 62 ± 10 years old; 49% women) while monitoring brain tissue properties. Fatigue levels are assessed with the established fatigue severity scale, the EBNA-1 and VCA p18 immunoglobulin G (IgG) chronic response – with multiplex serology and the estimates of local brain volume, myelin content, and axonal density - using relaxometry- and multi-shell diffusion-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In our analysis we adjust for the effects of demographic and cardiovascular risk factors, sleep apnea, depression, and polygenic risk score for multiple sclerosis. We demonstrate that EBNA-1 IgG levels are positively associated with perceived levels of fatigue, whilst VCA p18 IgG levels show a positive correlation with myelin content and a negative one with an estimate of axonal g-ratio in male participants. In the context of EBVs immune response, the polygenic risk for multiple sclerosis is not associated with increased fatigue levels, brain myelination or atrophy. Our findings bring empirical evidence about the potential role of EBVs chronic immune response in perceived fatigue and hint towards a protective role of myelination specific for men. They underscore the added value of advanced assessment of brain tissue microstructure in uncovering the mechanisms behind frequent fatigue complaints associated with EBV infection and multiple sclerosis.

Research progress on the mechanism of exercise against depression

The substantial global health burden of depression encourages the development of innovative and broadly effective interventions. This paper aimed to examine recent advancements by which exercise works as an antidepressant and recommends optimal types and quantity of exercise as supplemental therapies in treating depression. Sedentary behavior and low physical activity significantly influence the onset of depression. Being an effective treatment option, exercise can significantly reduce depression risk. Exercise exerts antidepressant effects as it modulates neurotransmitters, neuroplasticity, the immune system, and hormone levels. Effective exercise forms include yoga, strength training, and walking/jogging. Tailored exercise regimens that consider individual preferences and tolerability can improve outcomes. Regular exercise enhances general well-being and reduces depressive symptoms. Additional research is needed to understand the complex basis of exercise's effects on depression. Exercise is a cost-effective and accessible intervention for depression management that needs additional exploration. Thus, customized exercise programs, as per each patient’s needs, are essential for their successful implementation clinically.

Perioperative administration of sub-anesthetic ketamine/esketamine for preventing postpartum depression symptoms: A trial sequential meta-analysis

Objective Postpartum depression (PPD) is a major mental health issue affecting 10%–15% of women globally. This meta-analysis synthesized updated evidence on sub-anesthetic ketamine/esketamine’s efficacy in preventing PPD. Methods Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing ketamine/esketamine to a placebo for PPD prevention were searched without language restriction. Primary outcomes were PPD risk at 1- and 4–6-week postpartum. Secondary outcomes included the difference in depression scores and risk of adverse events. Trial sequential analysis (TSA) was conducted to validate the reliability. Results A meta-analysis of 22 RCTs (n = 3,463) showed that ketamine/esketamine significantly decreased PPD risk at 1- (risk ratio [RR], 0.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.3–0.57) and 4–6-week (RR, 0.47; 95%CI, 0.35–0.63) follow-ups. Consistently, participants receiving ketamine/esketamine had lower depression-related scores at 1- (standardized mean difference [SMD], −0.94; 95%CI, −1.26 to −0.62) and 4–6-week (SMD, −0.89; 95%CI, −1.25 to −0.53) follow-ups. Despite potential publication bias, TSA confirmed the evidence’s reliability. Subgroup analysis showed that ketamine/esketamine’s preventive effect on 1-week PPD was consistent, regardless of administration timing, type of agents, or total dosage (<0.5 vs. ≥0.5 mg/kg). For the 4–6-week period, PPD risk was favorably reduced only with postoperative administration or the use of esketamine, with the total dosage having no observed influence. Participants on ketamine/esketamine experienced more frequency of hallucinations (RR, 4.77; 95%CI, 1.39–16.44) and dizziness (RR, 1.36; 95%CI, 1.02–1.81). Conclusion Our findings advocate for the postoperative administration of low-dose ketamine/esketamine to avert PPD, which needed additional research for confirmation.

Exploring the anti-depressant effects and nitric oxide modulation of quercetin: A preclinical study in Socially Isolated mice.

This study investigates the effects of quercetin, an antioxidant and nitric oxide (NO) modulator, on depressive-like behaviours triggered by social isolation stress (SIS) in mice. SIS, known to harm psychosocial functioning and increase the risk of depression, involves oxidative stress and NO in its pathophysiology. 72 male mice were divided into nine groups, including the social (SC) group as the control group (stress-free with normal saline intake). The isolation (IC) groups received normal saline, quercetin at doses of 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg, the nitric oxide synthetase inhibitor L-NAME at a dose of 5 mg/kg, the NO precursor L-arginine at a dose of 100 mg/kg, an ineffective dose of quercetin combined with L-NAME and an effective dose of quercetin combined with L-arginine. Behavioural tests (open-field, forced swimming, and splash tests) were conducted, followed by measuring hippocampal nitrite levels. Quercetin significantly reduced immobility in the forced swimming test, increased activity in the open-field test, and enhanced grooming behaviour, particularly at 40 mg/kg. Co-administration of an ineffective dose of quercetin (10 mg/kg) with L-NAME increased immobility and grooming activity time. Interestingly, co-administration of the effective dose of quercetin (40 mg/kg) with L-arginine increased immobility time in the FST. Additionally, administration of quercetin at doses of 20 and 40 mg/kg significantly reduced the nitrite level in the hippocampus of SIS mice. Furthermore, co-administration of L-NAME and L-arginine with ineffective and effective doses of quercetin decreased and increased nitrite levels in the hippocampus and increased immobility time in the FST compared to their respective counterparts administered alone. These results suggest quercetin's potential in alleviating depression by modulating NO levels, pointing to its promise in treating depression associated with chronic stressors like social isolation.

Comparative analysis of free SMAS fold flap and ADM in facial depression after parotidectomy.

This study aimed to analyze the effects of anterior descending mandible (ADM) and free superior mesenteric artery (SMAS) folding flaps on post-parotidectomy facial depression. This retrospective study examined the effects of sex, age, surgical sample size, method, duration, and blood loss on postoperative complications in 65 patients. No significant differences involving sex, age, or sample size for surgical resection were observed between the two groups. The incidence of Frey syndrome (P = 0.175) and the locations of facial nerve injuries and tumors were not significantly different between the two groups. However, a statistically significant difference was observed in postoperative facial depression between the groups (P = 0.045, P < 0.05). No significant difference was found between facial nerve injury and Frey's sign in subgroup analysis of facial depression deformities. Within the facial depression group, tumor locations were significantly different (P = 0.021, P < 0.05). In the cases of facial depression after partial parotid resection, no significant difference was observed between ADM implantation and SMAS flap placement. A significant difference was noted between the ADM implantation and SMAS flap groups in the total parotidectomy group (P = 0.046 and P < 0.05, respectively). Women are more likely to experience facial depression after parotid surgery. Facial depression is most likely to occur after parotid resection if the tumor is located in the deep lobes of the parotid gland. The use of SMAS flaps can prevent facial depression, and both ADM and SMAS flaps can prevent Frey's syndrome. Partial parotid resection reduces the risk of facial nerve injury and facial depression.

Length of stay and determinants of early discharge and extended stay after cesarean delivery in a resource-limited setting: southern Ethiopia, 2023

BackgroundFor mothers and newborns to obtain the recommended postnatal care follow-up and package, the healthcare facility has to provide a minimum length of stay following delivery. Early discharge may result in a shortened recovery time, less access to resources and support, and a prolonged stay, resulting in a greater risk of postpartum depression and financial constraints. In Ethiopia, there has been no study conducted on the length of hospital stays following a cesarean delivery. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the average length of stay and identify factors influencing both early discharges and prolonged stays after cesarean delivery in southern Ethiopia.MethodsA facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted between November 23, 2022, and March 23, 2023. A systematic sampling method was used to select 367 participants, and data were collected using the Kobo Toolbox mobile application. The mean length of stay was calculated in hours, and descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data. Multinomial logistic regression was employed to analyze the determinants of length of stay, with significance set at a p-value of &amp;lt;0.05.ResultsThe mean duration of the length of stay of mothers in health facilities after cesarean delivery is 65 h or approximately 2.71 days (SD ± 0.77). Determinants of shorter stay included women aged 20–24 years [AOR = 5.19; 95%CI 1.51–8.23], distance from hospital 30–60 min [AOR = 2.51; 95% CI 1.12–5.73], first antenatal booking [AOR = 0.16; 95%CI 0.05–0.25], monthly income &amp;lt;2,000 birr [AOR = 3.11; 95%CI 1.18–6.05], had health insurance [AOR = 0.35; 95% CI 0.26–0.37] and had counseled [AOR = 0.09; 95%CI 0.07–0.154]. Extended stays were associated with severe pre-eclampsia [AOR = 2.80; 95%CI 2.41–3.27], multiple births [AOR = 2.51; 95%CI 1.34–4.71], and postoperative complications [AOR = 3.52; 95%CI 1.35–5.01].ConclusionThe average post-cesarean hospital stay is 2.71 days, with duration influenced by factors such as age, distance to the hospital, access to antenatal care, income, insurance, and the presence of complications. Targeted interventions, such as improving access to antenatal care, providing financial support, and proactively managing complications, can improve outcomes.

Having a sweet tooth linked to higher risk of depression, diabetes, and stroke

Having a sweet tooth linked to higher risk of depression, diabetes, and stroke

F. prausnitzii potentially modulates the association between citrus intake and depression.

The gut microbiome modulates the effects of diet on host health, but it remains unclear which specific foods and microbial features interact to influence risk of depression. To understand this interplay, we leveraged decades of dietary and depression data from a longitudinal cohort of women (n = 32,427), along with fecal metagenomics and plasma metabolomics from a substudy (n = 207) nested in this cohort, as well as an independent validation cohort of men (n = 307). We report that citrus intake and its components are prospectively associated with a lower risk of depression and altered abundance of 15 gut microbial species, including enriched Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. In turn, we found a lower abundance of F. prausnitzii and its metabolic pathway, S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) cycle I in participants with depression. To explore causality, we found that lower SAM production by F. prausnitzii may decrease intestinal monoamine oxidase A gene expression implicated in serotonin and dopamine synthesis. These data underscore the role of diet in the prevention of depression and offer a plausible explanation for how the intestinal microbiome modulates the influence of citrus on mental health. Video Abstract.

Efficacy and safety of supraglottic jet oxygenation and ventilation to minimize sedation-related hypoxemia: a meta-analysis with GRADE approach.

Hypoxemia is a common complication of sedation. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of supraglottic jet oxygenation and ventilation (SJOV) in preventing hypoxemia during sedative procedures. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared SJOV with conventional oxygen therapy in sedated patients were searched in five databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure [CNKI], and Google Scholar) from their inception to March 2024. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients who developed hypoxia (SpO2 < 90%). The secondary outcomes included subclinical respiratory depression (90% ≤ SpO2 < 95%), severe hypoxemia (SpO2 < 75%), airway interventions, adverse events, hemodynamics, propofol dosage, and procedure time. The certainty of evidence was determined using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Twelve trials (n = 3058) were included in the analysis. The evidence suggests that SJOV results in a large reduction in the risk of hypoxemia (risk ratio [RR], 0.26; 95% confidence interval, 0.19-0.36; low certainty) and subclinical respiratory depression (RR, 0.40; low certainty) compared with the control. SJOV likely resulted in a large reduction in the risk of severe hypoxemia (RR, 0.22; moderate certainty). In addition, it may result in a large reduction in the need for jaw lift (RR, 0.22; low certainty) and mask ventilation (RR, 0.13; low certainty). The risk of sore throat probably increases with SJOV (RR, 1.71; moderate certainty), whereas SJOV may result in little to no difference in nasal bleeding (RR, 1.75; low certainty). Evidence is very uncertain regarding the effect of SJOV on hemodynamics (very low certainty) and procedure time (very low certainty). SJOV probably resulted in little to no difference in sedative doses between the groups (moderate certainty). According to the GRADE approach, SJOV likely results in a large reduction in the risk of severe hypoxemia but probably increases the risk of sore throat. Compared with the control, evidence suggests that SJOV results in a large reduction in the risk of hypoxemia, subclinical respiratory depression, and the need for airway manipulation, with little to no difference in nasal bleeding. The integration of SJOV into clinical practice may help minimize hypoxemic events in at-risk patients.

Strategic Treatment and Assessment for Youth (STAY): A Theoretically-Driven, Culturally-Tailored MBC Approach.

Racial and ethnic minoritized (REM) youth are at greater risk for depression and suicide than their White peers. Despite this, REM youth are much more likely than their White peers to prematurely dropout of treatment. Culturally tailored and scalable engagement models to improve mental health treatment retention among REM youth with depressive symptoms and suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STB) are urgently needed. Strategic Treatment Assessment for Youth (STAY) is a theoretically-driven, culturally tailored measurement-based care (MBC) approach to treatment engagement for REM youth with depressive symptoms and suicide risk. Specifically, STAY uses MBC feedback processes to reduce perceptual barriers to treatment, thus improving treatment retention and ultimately, client outcomes among REM youth. In addition to standard MBC components, STAY includes a greater emphasis on providing a client-centered rationale for MBC which includes assessing and discussing treatment expectations, the use of individualized progress measures and alliance measures, and cultural competence training. The goal of this manuscript is to describe the STAY model based on initial theoretical development and preliminary clinician-informed refinements. Further, a case example of STAY is presented with a particular focus on the use of feedback processes. Finally, the current and future directions to empirically examine STAY as a treatment retention strategy with REM populations are provided.

Depressive symptoms among rural left-behind children and adolescents in China: a large-scale cross-sectional study.

Left-behind children(LBC) in rural China are at increased risk for mental health problems, including depression. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of depression and identify key associate factors among Chinese rural LBC. A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from 36,612 LBC aged 6 to 18 years old across 596 data collection sites in Nanchong, Sichuan Province, China. Participants completed questionnaires assessing individual factors, family parenting situation, living events, and health-related data. Depression was measured using the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D). T-tests, chi-square, and logistic regression were performed to identify factors associated with depression. The overall prevalence of depression among LBC was 6.75%. Logistic regression analysis revealed that family parenting situations, such as being from blended families (OR = 1.45) or being cared for by other family members (OR = 1.64), and dissatisfaction with the parenting situation (OR = 1.57) were significantly associated with higher odds of depression. Living events, including being misunderstood (OR = 1.82) and having disputes (OR = 1.48), and health-related factors, such as chronic diseases and regular medication use (OR = 2.38), also increased the risk of depression. This study highlights the high prevalence of depression among Chinese rural LBC and identifies key associate factors, including family parenting situation, negative living events and health-related factors. Targeted interventions and policies addressing these factors are needed to promote the mental health of this vulnerable population.

Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy of Rapid Rehabilitation Surgical Nursing in Lumbar Disc Herniation

Background: Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) is a common cause of lower back pain and radiculopathy. In recent years, the enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) concept has been increasingly applied in orthopedics and gastrointestinal surgery. Purpose: To investigate the effect of using rapid rehabilitation surgical care for lumbar disc herniation by meta-analysis. Data source: Google Scholar, PubMed Medical, Cochrane and Embase databases were used for the analysis. Research selection: An initial search yielded a total of 322 relevant articles. Duplicate pieces of literature were screened using Endnote. In addition, non-randomized controlled trials and studies with a sample size of less than 30 were excluded. A total of seven papers were included in this study. Main outcomes: The Rapid Rehabilitation Surgical Nursing (RRSN) group showed significantly higher patient satisfaction (RR = 1.24; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.26; p &lt; 0.01) and self-assessed health (Total MD = 5.67; 95% CI: 4.27, 7.06; p &lt; 0.01) compared to the Normal Nursing (NN) group. Pain levels (MD = −0.66; 95% CI: −0.97, −0.36; p &lt; 0.01), disability levels (MD = −18.64; 95% CI: −32.53, −4.76; p &lt; 0.01), anxiety risk (SAS-MD = −4.33; 95% CI: −6.23, −2.44; p &lt; 0.01), and depression risk (SDS-MD = −4.29; 95% CI: −7.50, −1.07; p &lt; 0.01) were significantly lower in the RRSN group compared to the NN group. According to the GRADE classification, the certainty for patient satisfaction is high, while the certainty for post-care pain, functional capacity, risk of psychological disorders, and self-assessed health status is moderate. Conclusions: Rapid recovery surgical nursing can significantly improve postoperative recovery of lumbar disc herniation, increase patient satisfaction, reduce the risk of psychological disorders, improve lumbar function, and alleviate patient pain.

The risk of inbreeding versus outbreeding depression in managing an endangered and locally adapted population of a sedentary bird

AbstractA debate in conservation genomics centers on whether to conserve small, fragmented populations independently or blend them through translocations from larger populations. Translocations of red grouse (Lagopus scotica) from Great Britain to supplement the Irish population have been suggested. We incorporate a variety of genetic datasets to address this. We used genome wide data from 23 contemporary and historic red grouse from Great Britain and Ireland. We also investigate microsatellite data, sequence candidate pigmentation genes, and assess phenotypic color variation. Genomic data indicate higher inbreeding in Irish grouse relative to an English population and significant divergence for genomic (FST = 0.095) and microsatellite (FST = 0.03) markers. Contemporary Ne was seven times smaller in the Irish population compared to the English. We identified divergent regions linked to pigmentation, immune response, and food intake. We show phenotypic differences in plumage color and sequence divergence among coding regions in the melanin pathway including MC1R (FST from genomic data of 0.3). The two populations thus appear locally adapted and this divergence between the source and target population when used for conservation translocations can swamp locally adapted alleles and/or introduce maladapted genotypes, leading to outbreeding depression. While it is important to avoid inbreeding by sustaining larger populations, our research emphasizes the need for practitioners to consider population divergence and local adaptation. We advocate against translocations between Ireland and Britain as a conservation strategy in this particular case and underscore the importance of prioritizing local populations where possible.

Psychiatric Comorbidities of Childhood-onset Atopic Dermatitis in Relation to Eczema Severity: A Register-based Study among 28,000 Subjects in Finland.

Data on the severity of childhood-onset atopic dermatitis (AD) in relation to psychiatric comorbidities is scarce, even though AD predisposes to psychiatric comorbidities and the commonness of childhood-onset AD and its significance in disease progression are recognized. The purpose of this nationwide, register-based study of child patients diagnosed with AD in Finland between 1987 and 2017 was to determine how psychiatric comorbidities of AD patients differ depending on the disease severity of childhood-onset AD. AD severity was assessed by purchased AD treatment and risk of comorbidities was analyzed by the age of 18 and 30 years. The main finding of our study is that risk of several psychiatric disorders, i.e., depression, anxiety disorders and bipolar disorder, increased by the AD severity in childhood-onset AD already at young age. No difference was found for behavioral disorders, including hyperkinetic disorder, depending on AD severity. Childhood-onset AD is associated with different psychiatric comorbidities depending on AD severity, which supports the importance of mental health evaluation in AD patients.

Negative life events and depression among Chinese university freshmen: a longitudinal moderated mediation model

ObjectivesDepression is a major mental health concern among university freshmen, with negative life events recognized as a risk factor. However, limited studies have explored the underlying mechanisms between them. This study aims to investigate the longitudinal relationship between negative life events and depression, and to examine both the potential mediating role of perceived social support and the moderating role of self-esteem in this process.MethodsA two-wave longitudinal design with a 6-month interval was employed, involving 785 Chinese university freshmen (55.92% were female). Self-reported measures of negative life events, perceived social support, self-esteem, and depression were collected using validated scales.ResultsResults revealed that negative life events significantly predicted depression in freshmen after 6 months, with perceived social support partially mediating this relationship. In addition, self-esteem moderated the effect of negative life events on perceived social support. As self-esteem increased, there was a stronger mediating effect of perceived social support between negative life events and depression.DiscussionThis study verified a moderated mediation process of how negative life events impact depression among freshmen. The findings provide valuable insights for developing effective interventions to reduce the depression risk of freshmen.

Explainable machine learning methods to predict postpartum depression risk

Postpartum depression (PPD) is a type of depression that mothers have following childbirth due to hormonal changes, psychological transition to parenting, and exhaustion. This depression strikes either during/or in the first year following childbirth. It is also a frequently disregarded medical condition that must be treated right away as it might have major repercussions. Machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) are tools that healthcare professionals can utilize to anticipate this condition more rapidly and correctly. Consequently, we have demonstrated how to use explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) methods and heterogeneous classifiers to predict postpartum depression in mothers who have recently given birth. The K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) model and the customized stack model outperformed all other classifiers. KNN model obtained 97% accuracy, 98% recall, and 95% precision and the stack model obtained 97% accuracy, 100% recall, and 94% precision, respectively. A set of frameworks and resources known as explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) facilitates the comprehension and interpretation of predictions made by machine learning algorithms. Four distinct XAI techniques: ELI5, Shapley Additive Values (SHAP), Local Interpretable Model-agnostic Explanations (LIME), and Anchor – have been used to interpret the model predictions. Explainability, interpretability, accountability, and transparency are crucial parameters of XAI, ensuring that machine learning models provide understandable and trustworthy results to users and stakeholders. The goal of this interdisciplinary research is to develop an automated diagnosis framework with tools that can transform therapy for postpartum depression leading to suicide attempts and empower medical professionals to offer mothers individualized, high-quality care.

COVID-19 Concerns and Depression Among Older Adults: Does Race/Ethnic Status Moderate the Association?

Background and Objectives: This study examined the association between COVID-19 concerns and depression among adults in later life. We also examined whether race/ethnic status moderated this relationship. Research Design and Methods: This study used data from the 2020 Health and Retirement Study. Using the 8-item CES-D scale, we defined probable depression as having three or more depressive symptoms. COVID-19 concerns included items such as concerns about respondents' own health, the health of family members, respondents' ability to get help from others, and concerns about the future. The associations between COVID-19 concerns and older adults' depression were estimated with logistic regression models. Results: Compared to respondents with lower scores on the COVID-19 concern measures, those with higher scores were more likely to be depressed. The moderation model showed the relationship between concerns about what will happen in the future and depression was not as strong among non-Hispanic Black older adults compared to non-Hispanic White older adults. Concerns about own health, family members' health, the older adult's financial situation, and the ability to get help did not show moderation effects. Discussion and Implications: The results suggested that healthcare providers should focus on older persons to reduce disparities in the risk of depression during public health emergencies.

Abstract 4147638: Food Security, Depression, and the Association of Depression with Adherence to Cardiovascular Disease Risk Reduction Measures among Rural Caregivers of Patients with Chronic Diseases

Introduction: Caregivers are at high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and depression compared to non-caregivers. Food security has been suggested to be a risk factor for depression. Depression may be connected to poor self-care. Studies exploring food security, depression and its relationship to adherence to CVD risk reduction measures among rural caregivers are lacking. Aims: To determine: 1) the association between food security and depression in rural caregivers, and 2) the relationship between depression and caregiver burden, and reported adherence to recommended CVD risk reduction measures in rural caregivers of patients with chronic diseases. Method: In this cross-sectional study, 277 rural caregivers (mean age 54 ± 14 years; 76% were female; and 70% were married) provided self-reported data on their sociodemographic factors, food insecurity (US Household Food Security Survey Module), caregiver burden (Zarit Burden Interview), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), and adherence to recommended CVD risk reduction measures (Medical Outcomes Study Specific Adherence Scale). Hierarchical regression analysis was performed. Results: In this study, food insecurity and high depressive symptoms were prevalent in 23% and 25% of rural caregivers, respectively. Food insecurity was associated with higher depressive symptoms ( β = 0.21; p &lt;.01), controlling for covariates. Caregivers who reported higher depressive symptoms had higher caregiver burden ( β = 0.49; p &lt;.01) and poor adherence to recommended CVD risk reduction measures ( β = 0.18; p &lt;.01) compared to those with low or no depressive symptoms, controlling for covariates. Conclusion: In rural caregivers, food insecurity was associated with higher depressive symptoms. Depressive symptoms were negatively associated with adherence to recommended CVD risk reduction behaviors. Greater attention should be given to food security and psychosocial factors to reduce CVD risk in this population.

Association between depression and diabetes among American adults using NHANES data from 2005 to 2020.

Depression impairs self-management in diabetic patients, exacerbates insulin resistance, and elevates glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, thereby increasing diabetes risk. This study analyzed data from 30,386 participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), assessing depression severity using the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and evaluating diabetes status through clinical markers such as HbA1c, random blood glucose, and fasting blood glucose. Participants were stratified by depression severity and diabetes status to examine the relationship between depression and diabetes risk. We applied descriptive statistics, logistic regression models, subgroup analyses, and restricted cubic spline (RCS) modeling to explore this association. The results revealed that greater depression severity was significantly associated with increased diabetes incidence, elevated HbA1c, fasting glucose, and insulin levels. Multivariate regression analysis confirmed a consistent positive correlation between depression severity and diabetes risk. Subgroup analyses further identified significant relationships between depression and various demographic and behavioral factors, including gender, race, BMI, smoking status, and prediabetic conditions. Additionally, the RCS model demonstrated a clear increase in diabetes risk with rising PHQ-9 scores. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that the severity of depression is positively correlated with the risk of diabetes, and this association may be closely linked to various glycemic and lipid metabolic parameters.