Risk Of Cataract Extraction Research Articles

Metabolic syndrome and some of its components in relation to risk of cataract extraction. A prospective cohort study of men.

PurposeTo evaluate the relationship between metabolic syndrome and some of its components with the incidence of cataract extraction.MethodsA population‐based prospective cohort with a total of 45 049 men, aged 45–79 years, from the Cohort of Swedish Men completed in 1997 a self‐administered questionnaire concerning anthropometric measurements and lifestyle factors. The men were followed from 1 January 1998 through 31 December 2012, and the cohort was matched with registers of cataract extraction. The main outcome measure was incident cases of age‐related cataract extraction.ResultsOver the 15‐years of follow‐up, 7573 incident cases of cataract extraction were identified. After controlling for potential confounders, the association between single components of metabolic syndrome, abdominal adiposity, diabetes and hypertension and risk of cataract extraction was rate ratio (RR): 1.04; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.99–1.10, RR: 1.77; 95% CI: 1.64–1.92 and RR: 1.06; 95% CI 1.00–1.13, respectively. The risk of cataract extraction increased with increasing numbers of metabolic syndrome components (p < 0.0001). Men aged 65 years or younger at baseline with all three components of the metabolic syndrome had a relative risk of 2.43 (95% CI: 1.95–3.01) for cataract extraction.ConclusionIn this cohort of middle‐aged and elderly men, metabolic syndrome with the combination of abdominal adiposity, diabetes and hypertension was associated with an increased risk for cataract extraction, especially among men aged 65 years or younger. These findings put emphasis on the importance of weight control and healthy lifestyle behaviours in order to prevent cataract.

Dietary glycemic index, glycemic load and risk of age-related cataract extraction: a case-control study in Italy.

Although a role of glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) in age-related cataract development is plausible, a few studies, all conducted in USA or Australia, provided results on this issue. The aim of the present study was to provide new original data from a Mediterranean population. We analyzed data from an Italian case-control study including 761 cases with cataract extraction and 1,522 hospital controls, frequency-matched with cases by center, sex, and age. Multivariate odds ratios (ORs) for GI and GL intakes were obtained from logistic regression models after allowance for major confounding factors, including non carbohydrate energy intake, smoking, and diabetes. The ORs of cataract extraction for the highest versus the lowest tertile were 1.20 (95% confidence interval, CI 0.91-1.57) for GI and 1.57 (95% CI 1.16-2.13) for GL, with a statistically significant trend in risk for GL (p < 0.01). Results were materially unchanged when diabetics were excluded from the analysis. No heterogeneity emerged across strata of sex, age, education, smoking habits and body mass index. The present study supports a positive association between dietary GL and the risk of cataract extraction, independently from diabetes, and a lack of association for GI.

Hormone Replacement Therapy in Relation to Risk of Cataract Extraction: A Prospective Study of Women

Hormone Replacement Therapy in Relation to Risk of Cataract Extraction: A Prospective Study of Women

Smoking cessation and risk of cataract extraction among US women and men.

Although the observational evidence linking cigarette smoking with risk of senile cataract is well-established, it is unclear whether any benefit is obtained from quitting smoking. Therefore, in this study, the authors examined the association between time since quitting smoking and incidence of cataract extraction in women and men enrolled in the Nurses' Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study, respectively. There were 4,281 incident physician-confirmed cases of cataract and 1,038,493 accumulated person-years of follow-up. Compared with current smokers, former smokers who had quit smoking 25 or more years previously had a 20% lower risk of cataract extraction after adjustment for age, average number of cigarettes smoked per day, and other potential risk factors (relative risk (RR) = 0.80, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.71, 0.91). However, risk among past smokers did not decrease to the level seen among never smokers (for never smokers, RR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.52, 0.79). The observed relation was similar when data were examined by cataract subtype (>25 years since quitting vs. current smoking: primarily nuclear cataract, RR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.68, 0.97; primarily posterior subcapsular cataract, RR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.71, 1.13). These findings suggest that any healing from damage due to cigarette smoking occurs at a very modest pace, and they emphasize the importance of never starting to smoke or quitting early in life.

Food and nutrient intake and risk of cataract

The relationship between cataract extraction and diet was considered in a case-control study conducted in northern Italy. A total of 207 patients who had cataract extraction and 706 control subjects in a hospital for acute, nonneoplastic, nonoculistic, nondigestive tract diseases were interviewed during their hospital stay. Odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs), according to the intake of alcohol, coffee, tea, and cola, and frequency of intake of 34 food items and 8 micronutrients were derived from multiple logistic regression equations, including terms for age, sex, education, smoking status, body mass index, diabetes, and total calorie intake. Alcohol, coffee, decaffeinated coffee, tea, and cola intakes were not associated with cataract extraction. Among food items, reduced ORs for cataract extraction (highest tertile of intake compared to the lowest), with a significant inverse trend in risk, were found for intake of meat (OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.4 to 0.9), cheese (OR 0.7, 95% CI 0.5 to 1.0), cruciferae (OR 0.5, 95% CI 0.3 to 0.8), spinach (OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.4 to 0.9), tomatoes (OR 0.5, 95% CI 0.4 to 0.8), peppers (OR 0.7, 95% CI 0.4 to 1.1), citrus fruit (OR 0.5, 95% CI 0.2 to 1.3), and melon (OR 0.5, 95% CI 0.4 to 0.8). A significant increase in risk was found for the highest intake of butter (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.2 to 6.4), total fat (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.2 to 2.8), and salt (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.4 to 4.0) compared to the lowest, and for consumption of oil other than olive oil (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.2). Among micronutrients, lower ORs for cataract extraction (highest quintile of intake compared to the lowest) were found for intake of calcium (OR 0.5, 95% CI 0.3 to 0.8), folic acid (OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.2 to 0.7), and vitamin E (OR 0.5, 95% CI 0.3 to 1.0), while estimated intakes of methionine, retinol, beta-carotene, and vitamins A, C, and D were not associated. Thus, this study indicates that diet plays a considerable role in the risk of cataract extraction in this Italian population, with a protective action played by some vegetables, fruit, calcium, folic acid, and vitamin E, and an increased risk associated with elevated salt and fat intake.

A prospective study of cigarette smoking and risk of cataract surgery in women

Objective. —To examine prospectively the association between cigarette smoking and the risk of cataract extraction in women. Design. —Prospective cohort study beginning in 1980 with 8 years of follow-up. Setting. —United States, multistate. Participants. —Registered nurses 45 to 67 years of age and free of diagnosed cancer. There were 50 828 women included in 1980 and others were added as they became 45 years of age. Main Outcome Measure. —Incidence of senile cataract extraction. Results. —We documented 493 incident senile cataracts diagnosed and extracted during 470302 person-years of follow-up. The age-adjusted relative risk (RR) among women who smoked at least 65 pack-years was 1.63(95% confidence interval [Cl], 1.18 to 2.26; Pfor trend,.02). A similar increase in RR was noted when smoking was assessed in terms of number of cigarettes currently smoked or number of cigarettes smoked by past smokers. Results were also similar after adjusting for other potential risk factors for cataract. Smoking was also strongly associated with posterior subcapsular cataract specifically (RR, 2.59; 95% Cl, 1.49 to 4.50 for ≥65-pack-year smokers relative to nonsmokers). Conclusion. —Smoking appears to increase the risk of cataract extraction. ( JAMA . 1992;268:994-998)

Cataract, Diabetes, and Risk of Cataract Extraction among Arabs in Kuwait

ABSTRACT The prevalence of diabetes among 352 Arab patients of two ethnic constitutions (Kuwaiti and non-Kuwaiti) who had cataract extraction in the year 1983 was found to be 21%. The highest preva...