Risk Human Papillomavirus Research Articles

Maternal Human Papillomavirus Infection and Offspring Neurodevelopmental Disorders.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection can lead to multiple comorbidities in women, including mental health problems. However, few studies have examined the association between maternal HPV infection and risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in their offspring. We aimed to investigate the association between maternal HPV infection and risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or autism spectrum disorder (ASD) among their offspring. Data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database were used for analysis. Offspring of mothers with HPV infection were identified as the index group, and a demographic-matched group (offspring of mothers without HPV infection) was selected as the controls. The primary outcome was risk of ADHD or ASD. Cox regression models with multiple adjustments were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% of confidence intervals (CIs). We included 7,762 individuals in the index group and 31,048 in the control group. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, the index group had a higher risk of ADHD (HR: 1.39, 95% CI: 1.15-1.67) than the controls. Importantly, the risk remained significance when HPV infection was diagnosed either before (HR: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.05-1.59) or during pregnancy (HR: 1.79, 95% CI: 1.28-2.51). No increased risk of ASD was identified in the index group compared to the control group. This study highlights the importance of preventing and treating HPV infection during and before pregnancy. Clinicians should be aware of the association between maternal HPV infection and ADHD in their offspring.

Early detection of cervical tumor cell of origin through Oncogene-induced senescent HPV-positive cells.

Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is an oncogenic virus and is the most common cause of cervical cancer. HPV has been shown to induce senescence. Cellular senescence is involved in cancer progression and tumorigenesis. Identification and isolation of cells of tumor origin before tumorigeneses is an important step in cancer prevention and treatment. This study aimed to investigate the early cervical atypical senescent cytological preneoplastic change in non-menopausal women. Cervical smears of 121 patients were randomly selected and included in the study which cytopathologically diagnosed as atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (AS-CUS) in correlation to HPV status, parakeratosis (PK), p16 immunostaining, enlarged Squamous cells nuclei (ES) and inflammatory cells infiltration (ICI). Results revealed that out of the total 121 patients, 32 cases (26%) were positive for high-risk HPV (HR-HPV), 26 cases (22%) were positive for low-risk HPV (LR-HPV) and 63 (52%) were negative for HPV. HPV infections were significantly associated with age groups (p<0.026), PK (p = 0.043), p16 (p = 0.001), ES (p = 0.002) and ICI (p = 0.049). The positive immunostaining expression of p16 was only noticed in two HR-HPV patients. ES cells were found in 9.5% of HPV-negative cases, 27% of LR-HPV cases and 40.5% of HR-HPV cases. High PK cell positivity was seen only in HR-HPV. High ICI scores were seen in 40.6% of HR-HPV patients, 26.9 % of LR-HPV and 17.4 % of negative HPV patients. It was concluded that high PK positivity, high ICI score, positive p16 immunostaining and ES were correlated with HR-HPV in non-menopausal women. These findings could provide potential diagnostic clues for HPV-harboring senescent cells as a strategy for reducing HPV risk of cervical cancer development and identifying the cell of tumor origin, which could be beneficial for improving the utility of senolytic agents and immunotherapy in clinical practice.

Impact of Low-grade Intraepithelial Lesions with High-risk Human Papillomavirus (Part II); Are LSIL Only to be Followed-up? Alternative Management

One of the determining factors that result in the development of cervical cancer is the persistence of high - risk human papillomavirus (HR - HPV). The low - grade intraepithelial lesions are a manifestation of this virus infection. Despite the effectiveness and safety of the HPV vaccine, coverage is still limited; thus, various options have been presented that offer to help reduce the persistence of HPV infection.

Application of Machine Learning Algorithms for Risk Stratification and Efficacy Evaluation in Cervical Cancer Screening Among the ASCUS/LSIL Population: Evidence from the Korean HPV Cohort Study.

We assessed human papillomavirus (HPV) genotype-based risk stratification and the efficacy of cytology testing for cervical cancer screening in patients with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS)/low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL). Between 2010 and 2021, we monitored 1,237 HPV-positive women with ASCUS/LSIL every 6 months for up to 60 months. HPV infections were categorized as persistent (HPV positivity consistently observed post-enrollment), negative (HPV negativity consistently observed post-enrollment), or non-persistent (neither consistently positive nor negative). HPV genotypes were grouped into high-risk (Hr) groups 1 (types 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58) and 2 (types 35, 39, 51, 56, 59, 66, and 68) and a low-risk group. Hr1 was subdivided into types a) 16 and 18; b) 31, 33, and 45; and c) 52 and 58. Cox regression and machine learning (ML) algorithms were used to analyze progression rates. Among 1,273 participants, 17.6% with persistent HPV infections experienced disease progression versus no progression in the HPV-negative group (p<0.001). Cox analysis revealed the highest hazard ratios (HRs) for Hr1-a (11.6, p<0.001), followed by Hr1-b (9.26, p<0.001) and Hr1-c (7.21, p<0.001). HRs peaked at 12-24 months, with Hr1-a maintaining significance at 24-36 months (10.7, p=0.034). ML analysis identified the final cytology change pattern as the most significant factor, with 14-15 months the optimal time for detecting progression from the first examination. In ASCUS/LSIL cases, follow-up strategies should be based on HPV risk types. Annual follow-up was the most effective monitoring for detecting progression/regression.

Acceptability of HPV vaccination for cervical cancer prevention amongst emerging adult women in rural Mysore, India: a mixed-methods study

BackgroundIndia has the highest number of estimated deaths from cervical cancer globally, with most cases attributed to Human papillomavirus (HPV). The World Health Organization recommends primary HPV vaccination for girls ages 9–14, with catch-up vaccination for young women ≥ 15 if feasible. India authorized a new, inexpensive HPV vaccine in 2022; given anticipated vaccine expansion, we conducted a mixed-methods study exploring acceptability of HPV catch-up vaccination for young emerging adult women in rural Mysore, India.MethodsBetween September 2022-April 2023, participants were recruited with assistance from community health workers. In the qualitative phase, gender-stratified, audio-recorded focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted in Kannada with emerging adults ages 18–26. FGDs were transcribed, translated, and analyzed using rapid approach to identify key HPV vaccination attributes. In the quantitative phase, a conjoint analysis was conducted to assess the impact of seven vaccination attributes on likelihood to vaccinate (LTV). Women ages 18–26 ranked LTV in eight hypothetical vaccination scenarios, and the relative impact of each attribute on LTV was calculated. All participants received education about cervical cancer, HPV, and HPV vaccination.ResultsFifty-two young adults (female = 31, male = 21) participated in seven FGDs, and 101 women participated in the conjoint analysis. Average age of the 153 participants was 22.5 years, 66.7% had married, and all had completed high school. Only 17.9% had heard of cervical cancer, and 2.7% knew of the HPV vaccine. FGDs identified seven HPV vaccination attributes: cost, vaccination location, family support, peer influence, dose number, side effects, and risk of acquiring HPV. In the conjoint analysis, all attributes except dose number significantly impacted LTV. Family support (impact score = 19.37, p < 0.0001) and peer influence (impact score = 18.01, p < 0.0001) had the greatest influence, followed by cost (impact score = 16.64, p < 0.0001) and HPV risk (impact score = 12.31, p < 0.0001). Vaccination location (government centers preferred) and side effects were also significant.ConclusionParticipants had poor knowledge of cervical cancer and HPV. Social attributes (family support, peer influence) had greatest impacts on LTV, and future studies should explore family-based interventions and peer education. Providing free vaccines at government centers through India’s national immunization program would maximize catch-up HPV vaccination for rural young women.

Pap Cytology and Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Genotypes in Western Romania: A Retrospective Analysis.

Background and objective Vigorous proactive measures are needed to combat cervical cancer, linked to the human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV genotyping aids in identifying high-risk strains, enabling targeted screening and risk assessment. This informs treatment decisions, reducing cervical cancer cases. In light of this, we conducted aretrospective analysis of Pap cytology and HPV genotypes to assess western Romania's new screening program. Understanding HPV prevalence, genotype correlations, and risk factors will help refine risk stratification models and enhance public health strategies. Methodology This retrospective studyanalyzed Pap smears from 195 patients with a mean age of 40 years [standard deviation (SD): 12 years], with a peak of incidence between 25 and 30 years. The patient cohort, with equal representationfrom urban and rural areas, comprised sexually active women of reproductive age presenting to the Gynaecology Ambulatory of the Municipal Emergency Clinical Hospital Timișoara over two years. Patients not sexually active and those in menopause were excluded. HPV genotyping was done on 67 patients. Data were analyzed using JASP, employing descriptive statistics, frequency tables, contingency tables, chi-squared test, odds ratio, and Fisher's exact test. Results Among 195 patients undergoing Pap smear tests, the most prevalent finding was negative (77.95%), indicating no abnormal cells detected. A smaller proportion of patients exhibited low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL, 11.28%) or atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US, 8.72%) findings. High-grade lesions (HSIL, ASC-H) were rare. For cytology grading, Category II (CII) was the most prevalent (75.90%), followed by Category III (CIII, 24.10%). HPV genotyping was performed on a subset of patients (n=67). Among them, Type 16 was the most frequent (28.36%), followed by Other high-risk types(20.89%), Type 16 (28.35%), and Type 18 (13.43%). HPV testing was not performed for 65.64% of the patients. Overall, the study suggests that a significant majority of the patients had normal Pap smears. However, a small proportion did have abnormal findings, including HPV infection. These findings highlight the importance of Pap smear screening for early detection of cervical abnormalities. Conclusions Our study from western Romania highlights the importance of HPV testing and Pap cytology in cervical cancer prevention. HPV testing is a potent tool for identifying high-risk women, and when combined with Pap cytology, it provides a more comprehensive screening strategy. Our research also revealed a diverse HPV genotype distribution, suggesting the need for broader-spectrum vaccines like the nonavalent vaccine. Despite our study's limitations, our findings underscore the need for including HPV testing in national screening guidelines. Future research should focus on larger studies and the cost-effectiveness of broader-spectrum vaccines. Implementing policies based onthese findings could lead to more effective cervical cancer prevention in western Romania.

Variant analysis of human papillomavirus type 52 in Iranian women during 2018-2020: A case-control study.

Knowing the regional variants of distinct human papillomavirus (HPV) types is valuable as it can be beneficial for studying their epidemiology, pathogenicity, and evolution. For this reason, the sequence variations of the E6 gene of HPV 52 were investigated among women with normal cervical cytology and premalignant/malignant cervical samples. Sixty-four HPV 52-positive samples were analyzed using semi-nested PCR and sequencing. Our findings showed that all samples belonged to lineage A (61%) or B (39%). Among samples that were infected with the A lineage, sublineages A1 and A2 were detected and sublineage A1 was dominant. No association was found between lineages and stage of disease (p > 0.05). Our results revealed that the A lineage, sublineage A1, and B lineage were common in Iranian women. Nevertheless, more studies with larger sample sizes are required to estimate the pathogenicity risk of HPV 52 lineages in Iranian women with cervical cancer.

Anal cancer risk and HPV infection knowledge and awareness among Hispanic persons living with HIV in Puerto Rico.

Persons living with HIV (PLWH) have a higher risk of persistent infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) and anal cancer. We evaluated knowledge and awareness of HPV infection and risk factors for anal cancer among PLWH in Puerto Rico (PR). Data from a cross-sectional study (2020-2021) were analyzed (n=212). Inclusion criteria included PLWH, aged ≥ 26 years, and living in PR. Telephone interviews collected information on sociodemographic, lifestyle and clinical characteristics. Two 13-item scales were used to assess knowledge of HPV and anal cancer risk factors; adequate knowledge for both scales were defined as scoring >70%. Logistic regression models using generalized linear models were used to determine the association between 1) HPV infection awareness, 2) HPV infection knowledge, and 3) Anal cancer risk factors knowledge. The median age was 54 years (IQR: 46,58), 67.5% were male, 71.7% reported having an income <$20,000, and 54.3% had an education level of more than high school. HPV awareness was high (82.1%), but only 40.2% and 3.8% had adequate knowledge of HPV and anal cancer risk factors, respectively. In adjusted logistic regression models, men who have sex with men (OR: 1.26, 95%CI: 1.07-1.47) and women (OR: 1.35, 95%CI: 1.15-1.59) aged ≥50 years had higher odds of HPV awareness than heterosexual men in that age group. Moreover, those with history of anal Pap test aged <50 years had more HPV awareness (OR 1.34, 95%CI: 1.08-1.66) than their counterparts. Adequate HPV knowledge was higher among participants with an education level of more than high-school (OR:1.28, 95%CI: 1.10-1.50) and with a history of HPV diagnosis (OR:1.33, 95%CI: 1.08-1.65) than their counterparts. In addition, people with good/very good/excellent health perception had higher odds of HPV knowledge (OR:1.23, 95%CI: 1.03-1.47) than those who reported poor/regular health perception. For anal cancer risk factors, PLWH for ≥15 years had increased odds of having adequate knowledge (OR:1.07, 95%CI: 1.02-1.14) than their counterparts. Despite high awareness of HPV, limited knowledge about HPV and anal cancer risk factors was observed among PLWH. Results from our study highlight the need for educational efforts within this population as an anal cancer prevention strategy.

Content validation of a Facebook HPV vaccination promotion intervention (#HPVvaxtalks) created for young Black adults (18-26 years old).

Despite the expansion in human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination recommendations, vaccine uptake and completion remain low among Black individuals. An 8-week Facebook intervention (#HPVvaxtalks) was developed to increase knowledge and awareness of HPV risk factors, risk perceptions, and vaccination intention and uptake. This article details the formative phase of experts' feedback and participants' satisfaction on the components of the #HPVvaxtalks for content useability, acceptability, relevance, and visual appeal to inform further refinements. A convenience sample of 5 experts and 13 young Black adults were invited to provide feedback on #HPVvaxtalks intervention content. The experts reviewed and provided feedback via a survey and open-ended questions. After incorporating suggestions from experts' feedback, 13 participants viewed #HPVvaxtalks posts, took part in a virtual focus group, and completed a survey. Qualitative data were thematically analyzed and integrated with survey results. Experts and participants mean age were 41.9±2.3 and 21.2±1.9 years, respectively. Experts and participants reported positive ratings for intervention posts, including useability, acceptability, relevance, and visual appeal. Data provided areas for improvements of #HPVvaxtalks. CONCLUSION: Experts indicated strong content validity and participants showed satisfaction with #HPVvaxtalks content. Ensuring acceptability, relevance, and appeal of the intervention for the target population is an integral part of intervention development.

Anal human papillomavirus (HPV) disagreement by Linear Array compared to SPF10 PCR-DEIA-LiPA25 system in young sexual minority men

IntroductionYoung sexual minority men (SMM) bear the greatest burden of anal human papillomavirus (HPV) infections. We assessed anal HPV genotype discordance between the Linear Array (LA) and SPF10 PCR-DEIA-LiPA25 (LiPA25). MethodsDiscordance was assessed between LA and LiPA25 using self-collected anal swabs from 120 SMM aged 18–29 who were recruited in 2014–2016. Multiple-type infection was explored as a potential confounder of testing agreement, along with clinical and behavioral factors such as HIV status, syphilis status, incarceration history, health insurance coverage, having 3 or more sex partners in the past 6 months, and co-infection with HPV-16. ResultsSignificant discordance was found for HPV-6, -11, -16, -31, -42, -54, and -59. Exploratory analyses suggest higher prevalence of genotype discordance in those living with HIV, those with 3 or more sex partners, and those who were positive for 4 or more HPV types. ConclusionsOur results highlight the importance of HPV detection methods which may inform different interpretations of research assessing anal HPV natural history among SMM at highest risk for HPV.

Understanding of cervical cancer, acceptability of HPV self-collection, and prevalence of HPV in a semi-urban setting in Bangladesh.

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) self-sampling has been implemented successfully as an alternative to traditional forms of cervical cancer screening in low-resource settings. Through Bangladesh's current national cervical cancer screening program, only about 10% of the at-risk population is reached. Thus, Bangladesh is an ideal setting to consider HPV self-sampling to improve cervical cancer prevention efforts. However, the feasibility and acceptability of HPV self-sampling has not been evaluated in Bangladesh. We aimed to understand levels of HPV and cervical cancer knowledge and to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of HPV self-sampling for cervical cancer screening in a semi-urban Bangladeshi community. Participants were recruited from a local clinic; 164 women completed a cross-sectional questionnaire about attitudes towards screening, and cervical cancer and HPV risk factor knowledge, and provided self-collected cervical samples for high-risk HPV testing. Of the participants, 4.3% tested positive for high-risk HPV and were referred for appropriate follow-up care. Nearly all participants had heard of cervical cancer, though specific knowledge was quite low. Self-sampling for high-risk HPV testing had high rates of acceptability, high rates of convenience, and very little discomfort and embarrassment reported in this study population, making implementing HPV self-sampling as a form of cervical cancer screening in Bangladesh appear feasible.

Exploring Indonesian Primary Schoolgirls' Experiences of School-based HPV Vaccination, Knowledge of HPV Risks and Prevention, and Preferences for Cervical Cancer Education.

In 2016, Indonesia introduced its Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination demonstration program for girls in grades 5 and 6 of primary school, to reduce cervical cancer (CC) burden in selected provinces and test the viability of nationwide vaccination. This study explored schoolgirls' experience of school-based HPV vaccination, their knowledge of HPV and HPV vaccination, and their preferences for cervical cancer (CC) education. An online survey was conducted with schoolgirls who experienced HPV vaccination between 2019 and 2021 through the demonstration program. Using purposive sampling, respondents were recruited through partnerships with primary public health centres and primary schools in Jakarta and Yogyakarta. Data analysis was conducted using Chi-square test, Independent-samples t-test, and one-way ANOVA. One hundred and forty primary schoolgirls with a mean age of 12.2 years (SD = 0.70) completed the survey. Schools and mothers were identified as key actors in socialising children about important health information and as girls' preferred sources of information. The average summed score for girls' knowledge of HPV, the HPV vaccine, and CC after being vaccinated was 5.07 out of 10 (SD 0.23). Significant differences in the mean knowledge scores among participants with different preferences regarding CC education in school were observed. While schoolgirls' experiences of HPV vaccination were largely positive, their knowledge of critical health information regarding HPV vaccination and CC prevention needs improving. Thus, it is necessary to provide parents, and school-based educators with culturally appropriate strategies and comprehensive evidence-based information about HPV vaccination and CC prevention more effectively to children.

Prevalence of human papillomavirus infection and associated factors among women attending cervical cancer screening in setting of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are circular, nonenveloped small double-stranded DNA viruses that infect stratified epithelium and can cause a number of life-threatening diseases. HPV is the central risk factor for developing cervical cancer and is estimated that approximately 98% of this disease is associated with oncogenic types of HPV. HPV infection leads to an estimated 266,000 cervical cancer deaths annually. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of HPV infection and risk factors associated with cervical lesion among women attending the cervical cancer screening clinic at the Ethiopian Family Guidance Association, Addis Ababa. A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of HPV infection. Data were collected using a questionnaire and samples leftover from cervical screening were taken. The leftover swab was air dried and DNA was extracted and amplified by using a PCR. A total of 247 women were included in the study. The prevalence of HPV was 9.72% among the population studied. Of all participants, 27.13% were positive for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia-1 (CIN1). CIN1 positivity was found in half of HPV positive women. Among HPV positive women, half of them had started sexual intercourse at ages 12–17 years and 41.66% were women who gave birth at ages 12–17 years. The high prevalence of HPV and the CIN1 positive group were ages 36–57 and women with multiple sexual partners. The other groups with the highest CIN1 positive were 22.39% grade (9–12) and 20.9% primary (1–8) and uneducated women. Among HPV positive women, 83.33% had an abortion history and 80% miscarried in the first trimester. Among the CIN1 positives, 53.73% had more than two sexual partners. Among HPV positive women, half of them were users of contraception methods. In conclusion, the highest prevalence of HPV is among women who began sexual intercourse earlier and who gave birth at 12–17 years of age, have an abortion history, with MSP and oral contraceptive methods users. In addition to HPV, early pregnancy and sexual intercourse at 12–17 years of age, abortion, MSP, and oral hormonal contraceptives are factors in cervical cancer. Finally, most women do not have enough knowledge and awareness about cervical cancer and the risk factor.

Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis, Human Papillomavirus, and microRNA.

Anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate (Anti-NMDA) receptor encephalitis is a rare autoimmune disease, which is caused by antibodies attacking NMDA receptors in the brain. Previous studies revealed that this disorder might be induced by vaccination. Vaccination is the most useful strategy to prevent human or animal infectious diseases. Although vaccines can produce immunity against diseases, at low risk, they may trigger serious adverse events. Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis has been studied to be related to the H1N1 (influenza A virus subtype H1N1), tetanus/diphtheria/ pertussis and polio vaccine, Japanese encephalitis, yellow fever, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination. Several cases have been reported that anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis could also be triggered by the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine. However, there is a lack of studies to investigate the underlying mechanism. In this paper, the association between anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis and HPV vaccination is discussed in terms of their microRNA (miRNA) biomarkers. Phylogenetic tree and distance similarity analyses are used to explore the relationship between their miRNA biomarkers. The results show a higher degree of similarity between miRNA biomarkers associated with HPV and anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis or related vaccines when compared to the overall miRNAs. It indicates that while the risk of HPV triggering anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis is low, a connection between anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis and HPV vaccination cannot be ruled out. This finding suggests that in cases where individuals receiving HPV vaccination experience psychiatric or neurological symptoms, it should be considered to diagnose anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis, given the exclusion of other possible complications.

Association between the Mode of Delivery and Vertical Transmission of Human Papillomavirus.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) can be vertically transmitted. Our objective was to measure the association between the mode of delivery and the detection of HPV in infants. We used data collected from pregnant women during the HERITAGE study. Self-collected vaginal samples from the first and third trimester were obtained for HPV testing. Specimens from oral, pharyngeal, conjunctival and anogenital mucosa were collected from infants 36-48 h after delivery and at 3 months of age. All samples were tested for HPV DNA by the Linear Array assay. Adjusted odd ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated using multivariate logistic regressions. From the 282 women revealed to be HPV-positive in both the first and third trimesters, 25 infants were born HPV-positive. The overall probability of transmission was 8.9% (25/282); 3.7% (3/81) in participants with a caesarean section and 10.9% (22/201) for those who delivered vaginally. Vaginal delivery increased the risk of HPV in infants compared to caesarean (aOR: 3.63, 95%CI: 1.03-12.82). Infants born after a caesarean with ruptured membranes were not at increased risk of HPV compared to infants born after an elective caesarean section with intact membranes (aOR: 1.31, 95%CI: 0.10-17.76). Our results support the hypothesis that transmission occurs mostly during the passage in the vaginal canal.

Prevalence and risk factors associated with high-risk human papillomavirus infection among women living with HIV (WLWH) at a tertiary health facility in Accra, Ghana.

Women living with HIV (WLWH) have high risk of developing cervical cancer. High- risk Human papillomavirus (hrHPV) is the single most important cause of cervical cancer. Vaccination for and early detection of pre-malignant cervical changes, through cervical cancer screening contributes to prevention of cervical cancer. This study sought to determine the prevalence of HPV among WLWH, genotypes present and the risk factors associated with cervical cancer development. An analytical cross-sectional study of 250 sexually active women aged 18 years and above, attending HIV clinic at a tertiary health facility in Accra. Demographic data collection and risk factor assessments were done using interviewer-administered questionnaire, and patient records. Cervical swabs were collected and tested for HPV using real-time PCR assays. Genotype analysis was performed on 92 samples. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis were used to establish associations between hrHPV and risk factors among WLWH. Approximately 60% of study participants tested positive for HPV. The prevalence of hr-HPV among WLH was 44.4%. Factors identified to be protective of hrHPV were employment (AOR = 0.19, 95% CI = 0.06, 0.56, p = 0.003) and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) Tenofovir-Lamivudine-Ritonavir-Lopinavir (TLRL) (AOR = 0.30, 95% CI = 0.09, 0.95, p = 0.04). Women with HIV diagnosis within 6 to10 years (AOR = 4.89, 95% CI = 1.05, 22.70, p = 0.043) and diagnosis >10 years (AOR = 8.25, 95% CI = 1.24, 54.84, p = 0.029) had higher odds of hrHPV. Approximately 25% of samples analysed tested positive for hr-HPV group 1 (genotypes 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45,51, 52, 56, 58, 69) and 46.8% for multiple HPV genotypes. A high prevalence of genotypes that include high risk genotypes 16 and 18 and multiple HPV infections was found among WLWH. Almost half of the women screened had high-risk HPV and were prone to cervical cancer without their knowledge. Regular HPV screening is recommended for high-risk patient groups.

Engagement With a Youth Community Advisory Board to Develop and Refine a Facebook HPV Vaccination Promotion Intervention (#HPVvaxtalks) for Young Black Adults (18-26 years old).

Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination rates remain suboptimal among young Black adults (18-26 years). Research focused on HPV vaccination among young Black adults is limited. Guided by the Theory of Planned Behavior, we developed #HPVvaxtalks, a theoretically grounded and culturally appropriate Facebook intervention in collaboration with a youth community advisory board (YCAB) to increase awareness of HPV risk factors, risk perception, HPV vaccine-related knowledge, vaccination intention, and uptake for Black individuals. Engagement with YCAB members fostered opportunity to discuss priorities reflecting the community's interest and make #HPVvaxtalks more relevant. This article describes the YCAB engagement and collaborative process in the development and refinement of posts/messages for #HPVvaxtalks. Five young Black adults (18-26 years of age) were invited to become members of a YCAB. YCAB reviewed the preliminary version of #HPVvaxtalks intervention materials and provided critiques and suggestions for refinement. Following the completion of the collaborative process, YCAB members completed individual interviews to reflect on the process. Feedback from YCAB participants focused on the relevance, engagement, clarity, and organization of the content and the media utilized. Participants suggested using "memes" to improve cultural relevance and engagement for young Black individuals. All YCAB members expressed satisfaction with the development process. Collaboration with a YCAB was crucial in developing a culturally relevant and acceptable #HPVvaxtalks intervention, which includes 40 messages/posts for young Black adults. Undergoing the iterative process of intervention development and refinement with the priority population can be an essential component in the design and implementation of health promotion activities.

Prevalence and risk factors of anal human papillomavirus infection among men with anal condyloma acuminata by HIV status in ShenZhen, Southeast China: A retrospective cohort study.

Patients with anal condyloma acuminatum (CA) are at risk of developing anal cancer which is associated with oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Investigation of anal HPV prevalence and risk factors can provide effective strategies for the prevention of anal cancer. A retrospective study was conducted among 549 patients with anal CA in the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen between January 2019 and October 2021. HPV prevalence and HIV antibodies were detected by fluorescent PCR and ELISA, respectively. Logistic regression model and structural equation modeling (SEM) were conducted to analyzed the risk factors of oncogenic HPV infection. The overall prevalence of HPV was 96.72%. Both HPV6 (N = 285, 51.91%) and HPV11 (N = 300, 54.64%) were more than half infected and the most frequent Hr-HPV genotype was HPV16 (N = 138, 25.14%). HIV-positive (AOR: 5.02, 95% CI: 2.98-8.60, p < 0.0001) and history of syphilis (AOR: 4.24, 95% CI: 2.31-8.46, p < 0.0001) were independent risk factors statistically associated with oncogenic HPV infection. Ever had anal sex (AOR: 3.40, 95% CI: 1.28-11.81, p = 0.0267) and age 35 years and older (AOR: 2.79, 95% CI: 1.53-5.15, p = 0.0009) were associated with HPV16 and HPV52, respectively. SEM analyses showed that HIV-positive (b = 1.549, p < 0.001) and history of syphilis (b = 1.450, p < 0.001) had significant positive effects on oncogenic HPV infection. Ever had anal sex (b = 1.243, p = 0.025) and Age (b = 0.043, p = 0.002) positively drived HPV16 and HPV52 infection, respectively. Anal CA patients who are HIV-positive, have a history of syphilis, or at least 35 years old should be considered for Hr-HPV, cytology and other anal cancer related tests to reduce the risk of cancer development.

Abstract PR008: Human papillomavirus vaccination knowledge, health beliefs, recommendation receipt, and intentions among unvaccinated Spanish-speaking young adult Hispanic/Latino sexual minority men

Abstract Sexual minority men are at increased risk for human papillomavirus (HPV) infections and subsequent HPV-related health concerns, including anal cancer. HPV vaccination remains an underutilized prevention strategy among sexual minority men, including Hispanic/Latino (H/L) individuals. As part of a mixed methods project, we conducted a cross-sectional survey among Spanish-speaking H/L sexual minority men ages 18-26 to characterize awareness, knowledge, health beliefs, provider recommendation, and HPV vaccine intentions. Multiple in-person and social media strategies were used to recruit participants who self-identified as having had sex with a man and/or being attracted to men and were of H/L ethnicity; able to read, write, and understand Spanish; aged 18-26 years; living in either Florida or Puerto Rico; and with internet access. Data were collected between August 2021-August 2022 using an online survey. Following data cleaning, descriptive analyses using SAS focused on unvaccinated participants (n=102). Results indicated that most participants (86%) were living in Puerto Rico and self-identified as gay (84%). Fifty-six percent reported having heard of the HPV vaccine. Only 19% reported having received a provider recommendation for the HPV vaccine, and less than one-quarter (21%) reported strongly agreeing that people important to them would want them to receive the HPV vaccine. Most individuals (69%) correctly identified that HPV can cause genital warts. However, over half responded either incorrectly or ”do not know” to questions regarding the link between HPV and anal (54%), oral (61%), or penile (65%) cancers. Over half of participants (56%) responded incorrectly or “do not know” to an item about whether most sexually active individuals are at risk for being infected with HPV. Twenty percent responded incorrectly or “do not know” to an item assessing whether men can be infected with HPV. Regarding comparative risk, 28% reported believing themselves to be at average risk for HPV compared to people their age, whereas 14% and 27% reported being at below average risk and at much below average risk, respectively. Most participants (56%) reported they were either not at all or only a little concerned with the safety of the HPV vaccine; however, 25% responded they were very or extremely concerned. Participants reported positive attitudes toward the efficacy of the HPV vaccine in preventing genital warts, penile cancer, and anal cancer. Further, the majority (69%) indicated strongly agreeing or agreeing with an item that assessed their perceived ability to make an appointment to receive the HPV vaccine. Regarding intentions, only 12% reported being very likely to receive the HPV vaccine in the next year, whereas 30% reported being very likely to receive the vaccine at some point in the future. Findings suggest numerous potential malleable targets for future interventions to promote HPV vaccination among H/L young adult sexual minority men, including prompting provider recommendations and addressing patient education needs and health beliefs. Citation Format: Shannon M. Christy, Steven K. Sutton, Mariana Arevalo, Cyril Patra, Cathy D. Meade, Melisa Ramos, Juliana Borrego, Erin Park, Susan T. Vadaparampil, Julio C. Jimenez, Julian Sanchez, Melissa Marzan-Rodriguez. Human papillomavirus vaccination knowledge, health beliefs, recommendation receipt, and intentions among unvaccinated Spanish-speaking young adult Hispanic/Latino sexual minority men [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 16th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2023 Sep 29-Oct 2;Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023;32(12 Suppl):Abstract nr PR008.

The Impact of Informational Intervention on HPV Vaccination Intention among Heterosexual Men.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections (STIs). However, despite widespread under-vaccination amongst men and the importance of vaccinating both sexes to curb the spread of HPV, research has focused on promoting HPV vaccination predominantly amongst women. Therefore, the current study examines the effectiveness of different informational interventions in promoting vaccination intentions amongst heterosexual men. In a preregistered study of 583 unvaccinated adult men, we randomly assigned participants to one of four informational interventions aimed at promoting awareness of HPV risks and vaccine uptake: (1) risks to oneself (n = 145), (2) risks to their female partner (n = 144), (3) risks to oneself and their female partner (n = 153), and (4) general vaccine information (n = 153). Amongst participants reporting a sexual history (67%), intentions to get vaccinated significantly increased by 10.75 points on a 100-point scale (p < 0.01) after they received information about the risks of HPV for both themselves and their female partner, compared to receiving information about only their own HPV risk. These findings provide valuable guidance for public health officials and policymakers into the effectiveness of different messaging strategies in promoting HPV vaccination amongst adult male populations to increase vaccination rates.