Risk Group In Terms Research Articles

The Risks of “Getting High” on Over-the-Counter Drugs during Pregnancy

Easy access to over-the-counter (OTC) drugs makes it possible to procure active substances that normally used in therapeutic doses do not raise health problems. The use of high doses of OTC drugs containing codeine, loperamide, pseudoephedrine, diphenhydramine or dimenhydrinate, as well as the use of benzidamine systemically raises concerns regarding the increase in units sold. These drugs are used for recreational or euphorizing purposes, including by young women of childbearing age, psychoactive substance users representing a risk group in terms of the possibility of an unplanned pregnancy. Abusive consumption of OTC products during pregnancy is harmful, with consequences for both fetal and late development that can occur in the infant. This literature review presents the risks (teratogenicity, fetal toxicity, neonatal abstinence syndrome, etc.) associated with the use of potentially psychoactive OTC drugs to emphasize the importance of re-evaluating OTC classification and dispensing.

Development and validation of a disulfidptosis and disulfide metabolism-related risk index for predicting prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma

BackgroundDisulfidptosis is a recently proposed novel cell death mode in which cells with high SLC7A11 expression induce disulfide stress and cell death in response to glucose deficiency. The purpose of the research was to explore the function of disufidptosis and disulfide metabolism in the progression of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD).MethodsThe RNA-seq data from TCGA were divided into high/low expression group on the base of the median expression of SLC7A11, and the characteristic of differentially expressed disulfide metabolism-related genes. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm was conducted the disulfidptosis and disulfide metabolism risk index. The tumor mutation burden (TMB), mechanism, pathways, tumor microenvironment (TME), and immunotherapy response were assessed between different risk groups. The role of TXNRD1 in LUAD was investigated by cytological experiments.ResultsWe established the risk index containing 5 genes. There are significant differences between different risk groups in terms of prognosis, TMB and tumor microenvironment. Additionally, the low-risk group demonstrated a higher rate of response immunotherapy in the prediction of immunotherapy response. Experimental validation suggested that the knockdown of TXNRD1 suppressed cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of LUAD.ConclusionOur research highlights the enormous potential of disulfidptosis and disulfide metabolism risk index in predicting the prognosis of LUAD. And TXNRD1 has great clinical translational ability.

ERGONOMICS AS A TOOL FOR REDUCING THE PHYSICAL LOAD AND COSTS OF THE COMPANY

The article's subject is to indicate ergonomic tools, which create room for saving costs for the enterprise by targeting the management of the workforce through influencing the degree of risk of physical load. The ergonomic solutions take into account people as a priority. People spend a large part of their lives at work, and there is an increased emphasis on productivity, quality and efficiency. However, achieving good results over the long term requires healthy employees. Ergonomics aims to optimise the workspace and environment to minimise the risks of harm to health and make it easier for people to work. Employers should give priority to occupational health and safety. However, the company's financial burden should also be considered. These objectives can be met by applying ergonomic measures to reduce the risk of physical strain on employees. It is essential to recognise that, although work systems will become more automated and digitalised due to the introduction of Industry 4.0, human involvement will still be necessary. Industry 4.0 can be the answer to reducing the physical burden on employees. Several analytical methods were used to obtain the analytical basis, which served to identify employees in particular risk groups in terms of physical strain, to describe the state of the workforce in industrial enterprises, and to map the financial burden of industrial enterprises on employees classified in risk groups in terms of physical strain at work. Based on the example of the application of ergonomic tools to influence the degree of risk of the physical load of the enterprise's workforce, it will be possible to understand better the enterprise's management, where the scope for cost savings of industrial enterprises is created.

A prognostic and immunotherapy effectiveness model for pancreatic adenocarcinoma based on cuproptosis-related lncRNAs signature.

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) results in one of the deadliest solid tumors with discouraging clinical outcomes. Growing evidence suggests that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a crucial role in altering the growth, prognosis, migration, and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells. Cuproptosis is a novel type of cell death induced by copper (Cu) and is associated with mitochondrial respiration during the tricarboxylic acid cycle. However, the relationship between lncRNAs related to cuproptosis and PAAD is poorly studied. In this study, we investigated the association between a signature of cuproptosis-related lncRNAs and the diagnosis of PAAD. Genomic data and clinical information were obtained using the TCGA dataset, while cuproptosis-related genes (CRGs) from previous studies. Co-expression analysis was utilized to identify lncRNAs associated with cuproptosis. We developed and verified a prognostic risk model following a classification of patients into high- and low-risk categories. The prediction capacity of the risk model was assessed using a number of methods including Kaplan-Meier analysis, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, nomograms, and principal component analysis (PCA). Furthermore, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were used to perform functional enrichment analyses, and to examine the behaviors of various risk groups in terms of immune-related activities and medication sensitivity. We identified 7 cuproptosis-related lncRNA signatures, including CASC19, FAM83A-AS1, AC074099.1, AC007292.2, AC026462.3, AL358944.1, and AC009019.1, as overall survival (OS) predictors. OS and progression-free survival (PFS) showed significant differences among patients in different risk groups. Independent prognostic analysis revealed that the cuproptosis-related lncRNA signatures can independently achieve patient prognosis. The risk model demonstrated strong predictive ability for patient outcomes, as evidenced by ROC curves, nomograms, and PCA. Higher tumor mutation burden (TMB) and lower tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE) scores were observed in the high-risk group. Additionally, the low-risk group was hypersensitive to 3 anti-cancer medications, whereas the high-risk group was hypersensitive to one. A prognostic risk model with a good predictive ability based on cuproptosis-related lncRNAs was developed, providing a theoretical basis for personalized treatment and immunotherapeutic responses in pancreatic cancer.

THE EFFECT OF MEDIA USE ON THE INTERGENERATIONAL PERCEPTION OF HEALTH RISKS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: QUANTITATIVE SHORT REPORT OF MALTEPE UNIVERSITY SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH PROJECT

ABSTRACT
 Objective: This research was carried out in order to show the effect of the use of media tools on the risk perception of the society in the context of generations during the Covid-19 pandemic. 
 Methods: The research was conducted with mixed method in which quantitative and qualitative research techniques were used together. The “Converging Parallel Mixed Method” was used and the findings obtained from the both methods were combined. Media Exposure Scale, Risk Perception Scale, The Behavior Scale and The Believability Scale were used for the quantitative part. In-depth interviews were conducted for the qualitative part.
 Results: In the quantitative part of this study, it was found that the most important behavioral difference is that the use of media directly affects vaccination behavior in all generations. It has been also determined that the media use variable doesn’t differ according to age groups, thus all generational groups were found to use media invariably from each other. 
 Conclusion: It is of great significance that the information that both the whole society and individuals over the age of 65, who are in the risk group in terms of Covid-19 contamination and adverse process, need or may need, should be given in the most perspicuous, accurate and current manner in the media.
 
 Keywords: Covid-19, Explanatory Model, Health Communication, Risk Perception, Stigma.

Health-risk behaviors and peer pressure of adolescents in the child protective services in Türkiye: A cross-sectional study.

This study was carried out to investigate the health-risk behaviors and peer pressure of adolescents aged 12-18 years in need of protection at child protective services. The data of this cross-sectional study were collected using individual interviews with 85 adolescents living in child homes and child homes buildings complex between February 25 and May 31, 2019. The data were collected using the "Descriptive Information Form," the "Health-Risk Behaviors Questionnaire," and the "Peer Pressure Questionnaire." The results of study in adolescents were 34.1% were in the risk group in terms of weight, and 41.2% had a psychiatric problem. Among the health-risk behaviors of adolescents; 56.5% did not pay attention to daily nutrition, 51.8% had fast food every day, 54.1% injury behaviors were doing dangerous sports, only 15.3% wore seat belts, 78.8% did not exercise three or more days per week, 38.8% watched television and computer three or more hours per day, 27.1% used painkillers without consulting a doctor, 24.7% applied the health recommendations they read on the internet, 20.0% of the adolescents reported that they went on a diet without consulting the healthcare personnel, and 14.1% voluntary vomited to lose or maintain their weight. And 21.2% of the adolescents were exposed to peer pressure. It was concluded that adolescents in need of protection at child protective services have health-risk behaviors and low-level peer pressure.

COVID-19 Aşıları Konusunda Bilgilendirme Yapılan 65 Yaş ve Üzeri Bireylerin Aşı Tutumları ve Aşı Tutumlarındaki Değişimin Değerlendirilmesi

Aim: Study aimed to assess the states of getting the vaccine and attitudes of the population at the age of 65 and above who was at the risk group in terms of mortality caused by COVID-19 after being informed about the COVID-19 vaccines.
 
 Method: Data, retrospectively scanned. Study population consisted of individuals aged 65 and above who were authorized to get the vaccine in the city center of Kayseri and who had not gotten the COVID-19 vaccine yet by the 1st of June 2021.
 
 Results: According to the decisions of getting the vaccine after phone calls, 45% of the participants decided to get the vaccine while 42.9% stated that they would not get the vaccine. mRNA vaccine was the most preferred vaccine (35.4%) after the phone calls.
 
 Conclusion: Results of study reveal that the attitude toward COVID-19 vaccine can be affected by many personal and non-personal factors.

Integrated analysis of tumour-derived exosome-related immune genes to predict progression and immune status of hepatocellular carcinoma

Tumour-derived exosomes (TDEs) play an important role in tumourigenesis and progression by regulating components in the tumour microenvironment (TME), however, the role of TDE-related immune genes in hepatocellular carcinoma is not fully known. We systematically analysed TDE genes from ExoCarta and immune genes from Immport,Machine learning ultimately identified eight TDE-related prognostic immune genes and used them as the basis for constructing a risk model, which was constructed to better predict patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) compared with published prognostic models. There were significant differences between the high and low risk groups in terms of biological functioning. Low-risk group were more sensitive to immunotherapy, the sensitivity to oxaliplatin and cisplatin differed between the high- and low-risk groups, and knockout of the core gene RAC1 limited the malignant biological behaviour of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. In conclusion, TIRGs are effective in predicting the prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and provide a new perspective on immunotherapy and chemotherapy for patients.

Effects of Induction Therapy on Graft Functions in Terms of Immunologic Risk

Advances in immunosuppressive therapies and surgical techniques have led to a significant reduction in the incidence of rejection within 1 year after kidney transplantation. Immunologic risk is an important factor affecting graft functions and guiding the clinician in the selection of induction therapy. The aim of this study was to investigate graft functions based on serum creatinine levels, Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD- EPI) and proteinuria levels, frequency of leukopenia, cytomegalovirus (CMV) and BK virus polymerase chain reaction (PCR) positivity in patients with low and high immunologic risk. This retrospective study included 80 renal recipients. Recipients were divided into 2 groups: patients at low immunologic risk who received basiliximab only and those with high immunologic risk who received low-dose (1.5 mg/kg for 3 days) antithymocyte globulin and basiliximab. No significant differences were observed between the 2 risk groups in terms of first, third, sixth, and 12th-month creatinine levels, CKD-EPI, proteinuria levels, leukopenia frequency, and CMV and BK virus PCR positivity. One-year graft survivals did not differ significantly between these 2 treatment modalities. The combined use of low-dose antithymocyte globulin and basiliximab in the induction treatment of patients with high immunologic risk seems promising in terms of graft survival, leukopenia frequency, and CMV and BK virus PCR positivity.

Knowledge, attitude, practices, seroprevalence and vaccination status concerning hepatitis B, hepatitis C, human immunodeficiency virus among health care students

Aim: Students of all departments that serve patients during their education are in the risk group in terms of parenterally transmitted microorganisms. This study aims to evaluate the knowledge level and serologic status of healthcare students about viral hepatitis and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection.
 
 Methods: A sociodemographic questionnaire consisting of 29 questions was applied to 262 students who presented to the medico-social outpatient clinic between January 2015 and December 2020. Additionally, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B surface antibody (Anti HBs), hepatitis B core antibody (Anti HBc total), hepatitis C virus antibody (Anti HCV), HIV antibody (Anti-HIV) serum levels were investigated. The obtained information was evaluated with descriptive statistics and chi-square test in statistical package for the social sciences package program version 20. Results were given as frequency and percentage.
 
 Results: The mean age of the study group (230 female and 32 male) was 21.29 ± 2.2 years. According to the questionnaire, 43.9% of students stated that they had HBV vaccination, while 56.1% of the students stated that they were not vaccinated. The rate of the student who checked antibodies after vaccination was 14.1%. While 74% of students stated that they took lessons about hepatitis risk factors, 26% of students did not take any lessons. According to the laboratory results, Anti HBs positivity was found in 235 students (89.7%). Anti-HBc total positivity was found in 5 students (1.9%). HBsAg positivity was found in 2 students (0.8%). Anti-HCV and Anti-HIV were negative in all our students.
 
 Conclusion: Our results indicate that high prevalence of Anti HBs seropositivity among healthcare students. This result can be explained by our successful vaccination program in Turkey. As a preventive medicine perspective, it should be ensured that students studying at these schools should be trained, screened, and guided to become immune.

Zihinsel Yetersizliği Olan Çocukların Annelerinin Çocukluk Dönemi Cinsel İstismar Mitleri ve İlişkili Faktörler

Objective: Children with intellectual disabilities are in the risk group in terms of sexual abuse compared to healthy peers. Mothers’ false beliefs about sexual abuse may cause the abuse or the abuser to be overlooked. This study aimed to determine the myths about childhood sexual abuse and related ıntroductory factors of mothers of children with intellectual disabilities. Methods: The sample of the cross-sectional study consisted of mothers of children with intellectual disabilities (n=100) enrolled in two different special education institutions. Institutional permission, ethics approval, and written consent from the participants was obtained in the study. The data were collected with introductory characteristics data form and parent form of the childhood sexual abuse myths scale (CSAMS). Descriptive and non-parametric tests were used for data analyses. Results: The mean CSAMS total score of the mothers of the children with intellectual disabilities was 33.75±11.92. There were statistically significant differences between mothers’ education level, family type, number of children, age, and CSAMS scores. There was no difference between the CSAMS scores of the mothers who received and did not receive training on childhood sexual abuse previously. Those who thought that they did not need information about protecting their children from sexual abuse had higher CSAMS scores. Conclusion: It is recommended to plan and implement training and intervention studies by nurses to increase mothers in the risk group awareness of childhood sexual abuse myths.

Cardiovascular Risk, Risk Knowledge, and Related Factors in Patients

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate cardiovascular risk, risk knowledge, and related factors in patients. Method: The descriptive and corelational study was carried out with 340 patients who applied to the state hospital between November 2018 and March 2019 and agreed to participate in the study. Data was collected through face-to-face interviews with the scale of the Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Knowledge Level (CARRF-KL) and Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) Calculator. Results: In the study, it was found that patients were in the middle risk group in terms of cardiovascular risk, and their risk information level was slightly higher than the average. There was no statistically significant relationship between the level of knowledge of patients and the level of cardiovascular risk (r= -.062, p=.256). Conclusion: The study emphasises that initiatives should be developed to increase awareness of cardiovascular disease risks in Turkey and to increase the level of cardiovascular disease risk information available in order to prevent diseases. Preventative strategies can reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and improve outcomes. Nurses should assess risk knowledge in patients to ensure best outcomes.

A novel signature of cuproptosis-related lncRNAs predicts prognosis in glioma: Evidence from bioinformatic analysis and experiments.

Background: Glioma patients often experience unfavorable outcomes and elevated mortality rates. Our study established a prognostic signature utilizing cuproptosis-associated long non-coding RNAs (CRLs) and identified novel prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for glioma. Methods: The expression profiles and related data of glioma patients were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas, an accessible online database. We then constructed a prognostic signature using CRLs and evaluated the prognosis of glioma patients by means of Kaplan-Meier survival curves and receiver operating characteristic curves. A nomogram based on clinical features was employed to predict the individual survival probability of glioma patients. Functional enrichment analysis was conducted to identify crucial CRL-related enriched biological pathways. The role of LEF1-AS1 in glioma was validated in two glioma cell lines (T98 and U251). Results: We developed and validated a prognostic model for glioma with 9 CRLs. Patients with low-risk had a considerably longer overall survival (OS). The prognostic CRL signature may serve independently as an indicator of prognosis for glioma patients. In addition, functional enrichment analysis revealed significant enrichment of multiple immunological pathways. Notable differences were observed between the two risk groups in terms of immune cell infiltration, function, and immune checkpoints. We further identified four drugs based on their different IC50 values from the two risk groups. Subsequently, we discovered two molecular subtypes of glioma (cluster one and cluster two), with the cluster one subtype exhibiting a remarkably longer OS compared to the cluster two subtype. Finally, we observed that inhibition of LEF1-AS1 curbed the proliferation, migration, and invasion of glioma cells. Conclusion: The CRL signatures were confirmed as a reliable prognostic and therapy response indicator for glioma patients. Inhibition of LEF1-AS1 effectively suppressed the growth, migration, and invasion of gliomas; therefore, LEF1-AS1 presents itself as a promising prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target for glioma.

Vitamin D levels in children with cerebral palsy.

The aim of this study was to assess serum vitamin D levels and related factors in children with cerebral palsy (CP). One hundred and nineteen children with CP between the ages of 1 year to 10 years 9 months who were admitted to the children's inpatient rehabilitation unit of a tertiary rehabilitation hospital between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2018, were included in this study. Demographic and clinical characteristics were obtained from the patient files. CP types and serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels were recorded. Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) was used to assess the functional level. Mean age was 5.1±2.9 years. Forty-two (35.3%) were girls, 105 (88.3%) were spastic, and 14 (11.7%) were ataxic and mixed type CP. Mean GMFCS level was 4 (IQR:2). Thirty-one (26.1%) were getting extra liquid feed while the rest were eating a normal diet. Mean serum 25OHD level was 27.4±15.7 (3-79) ng/mL. Vitamin D levels were normal in 68 children (57.1%), whereas 36 (30.3%) had vitamin D insufficiency and 15 (12.6%) showed vitamin D deficiency. Those whose serum vitamin D levels were within a normal range had a median age of 3.8 (IQR:4.2) years. On the other hand, mean age was 6.4 (4.3) years for those with low vitamin D level (p < 0.0001). Vitamin D level was 19.8 (21.4) ng/mL in those (n = 88) who had regular diets, whereas it was 31.0 [16] ng/mL in those (n = 31) who were getting extra liquid feed (p = 0.015). There was no statistically significant correlation between vitamin D level and gender, GMFCS, CP type, season or antiepileptic drug treatment. A binary logistic regression model showed that older age and having only regular meals were significant risk factors for low vitamin D. In this study, 42.9% of the children with CP had low vitamin D. Older children with CP or those who had regular diets were higher risk groups in terms of low vitamin D.

Correlations between biochemical and clinical parameters in patients at risk for schizophrenia spectrum disorders

Integrated clinical and biological approach to the early detection of attenuated psychotic symptoms within the frames of affective disorders makes it possible to detect the initial stage of the psychosis development and begin timely therapeutic intervention. The aim of the study was to evaluate the activity of glutamate, glutathione, and energy metabolism enzymes in the blood of patients who are at risk for the development of schizophrenia and to search for clinical and biological correlations. Clinical, psychometric (SOPS and HDRS-21), and biochemical examinations were made in 60 young men aged 16–25 years belonging to the risk group for the development of schizophrenia and in 21 young men from the comparison group without signs of risk of schizophrenia. The control group consisted of 25 healthy young men aged 19–25 years. The activities of cytochrome c oxidase, glutamate dehydrogenase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione-S-transferase were determined in platelets and erythrocytes. Decreased activities of platelet glutamate dehydrogenase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione-S-transferase were observed in all groups of examined patients compared with the control group. In erythrocytes, changed activities of glutathione reductase were observed only in the group of patients without attenuated psychotic symptoms, and glutathione-S-transferase — in the group of patients with attenuated symptoms. The revealed correlations between biochemical and clinical parameters differed in the examined groups of patients. The obtained results reflect the features of the pathogenic mechanisms in the schizophrenia risk group in terms of the activity levels of blood enzymes involved in glutamate, energy, and glutathione metabolism.

Validation of the prognostic significance of the 2022 European LeukemiaNet risk stratification system in intensive chemotherapy treated aged 18 to 65 years patients with de novo acute myeloid leukemia.

The European LeukemiaNet (ELN) recently proposed a revised recommendation for the diagnosis and management of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in adults, recognized as ELN-2022. However, validation in a large real-world cohort remains lacking. In this study, we aimed to validate the prognostic relevance of the ELN-2022 in a cohort of 809 de novo, non-M3, younger (ages 18-65 years) AML patients receiving standard chemotherapy. The risk categories of 106 (13.1%) patients were reclassified from that determined using ELN-2017 to that determined using ELN-2022. The ELN-2022 effectively helped distinguish patients as favorable, intermediate, and adverse risk groups in terms of remission rates and survival. Among patients who achieved first complete remission (CR1), allogeneic transplantation was beneficial for those in the intermediate risk group, but not for those in the favorable or adverse risk groups. We further refined the ELN-2022 system by re-categorizing AML patients with t(8;21)(q22;q22.1)/RUNX1::RUNX1T1 with KIThigh , JAK2 or FLT3-ITDhigh mutations into the intermediate risk subset, AML patients with t(7;11)(p15;p15)/NUP98::HOXA9 and AML patients with co-mutated DNMT3A and FLT3-ITD into the adverse risk subsets, and AML patients with complex or monosomal karyotypes, inv (3)(q21.3q26.2) or t(3;3)(q21.3;q26.2)/GATA2,MECOM(EVI1) or TP53 mutation into the very adverse risk subset. The refined ELN-2022 system performed effectively to distinguish patients as favorable, intermediate, adverse, and very adverse risk groups. In conclusion, the ELN-2022 helped distinguish younger, intensively treated patients into three groups with distinct outcomes; the proposed refinement of ELN-2022 may further improve risk stratification among AML patients. Prospective validation of the new predictive model is necessary.

초등예비교사의 교직선택동기, 자기주도적 학습이 대학생활만족도에 미치는 영향

Objectives The purposes of this study were to investigate the influences from the motivation for choosing teaching professional(MCT) and self-directed learning (SDL) on university satisfaction (US) among the university students for elementary education, and to test the mediating effect of SDL in the relationships between MCT and US.&#x0D; Methods Adopting on-line survey, a national university students surveilled and a data set with 248 participants were produced. Descriptive statistics, reliability, correlations and multiple regressions were conducted with SPSS ver. 21, and then Sobel Test was conducted with proposed conceptual model.&#x0D; Results Gender, age bracket, active and material MCT, and SDL were significantly related to US. Also, gender and age bracket were the significant exogenous influencing factors on MCT. Female students and students’ age group under 21 were more likely to report higher levels of US, Both the active MCT and passive MCT influenced the US as well as the levels of SDL. In this study, mediation effect of SDL on the relationships between MCT and US was tested showed significant direct and indirect effects from MCT on US via SDL.&#x0D; Conclusions Based on the results, this study suggest male students and students aged over 21 were at risk group in terms of US, and educational universities should provide intervening programs to promote US of those groups. Promoting active MCT and SDL could be another effective approaches to increase US among educational university students

MANIFESTATIONS OF RESILIENCE IN MEDICAL RESIDENTS AS A FACTOR OF PROFESSIONAL ADAPTATION

The article reveals the manifestations of hardiness in medical residents as a factor of the professional adaptation. Medical workers are a risk group in terms of emotional burnout and other emotional disorders, since they directly interact with patients’ various somatic profiles, as well as a high professional responsibility. The formation and strengthening of resilience in medical personnel is an important task, since resilience is a psychological factor that enables people to successfully cope with stressful situations and reduces internal tension. The study was conducted by clinical psychologists at the Astrakhan State Medical University Astrakhan, Russia) in October 2022. It included clinical residents of the specialties Obstetrics and Gynecology (30 people) and Surgery (28 people). Our study has found that young medical residents have rather high levels of hardiness. This may be attributed to the age of the respondents, since they are at the first stages of their professional activities. A high indicator of "Engagement" was recorded for clinical residents, reflecting their determination and resilience. However, indicators of hardiness and satisfaction in the specialty "Obstetrics and Gynecology" were significantly lower than in the specialty "Surgery". On the basis of the study, a program of psychological support was developed facilitating stress prevention and formation of coping resources and self-regulation in young professionals.

An Analysis of The Effects of The Early Mathematics Intervention Program on Early Mathematics Skills of Pre-School Children at Risk

Supporting all children, particularly children with special needs, in the field of mathematics is important for their development. Therefore, it is necessary to develop and implement the necessary early intervention programs in relation to mathematics education. Studies indicate that early mathematics education intervention programs provide an increase in children’s mathematical knowledge levels improving their mathematics performance. It is also reported that such programs are effective in increasing the mathematical achievement of children at risk and that their effects may last for a longer time. Therefore, it is considered important to support the mathematics skills of the children in the risk group with early mathematics intervention programs, to identify the children whose mathematical skills are deficient or who have not acquired these skills sufficiently in the early period. In this study the is aim to reveal the effectiveness of an intervention program developed in relation to the early mathematics skills to improve such skills of children in the pre-school period between 60-72 months of age, who are in the risk group in terms of mathematics skills. In this study, the multiple probe model inter-subjects, which is one of the single-subject research models, was used. The participants of the study were three kindergarten students from three different schools in Kırşehir, Türkiye. The study was carried out in the special education center located in the said city. The data collection tool is an early mathematics intervention program developed for teaching early mathematics skills. When we look at the findings obtained from the study in general, it appears that the early mathematics intervention program was effective in improving the early mathematics skills of all three students. For this reason, priority should be given to supporting the development of early mathematics skills in all children attending pre-school education institutions.

Identification of an immune-related metabolic gene signature to predict possible prognosis in endometrial cancer and reveals immune landscape feature

The immunotherapy of endometrial cancer (EC) has gradually attracted attention and metabolic reprogramming is associate with tumor immune infiltration. Our goal was to use proteome analysis to examine the role of immune-related metabolic genes (IRMGs) in EC. Data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry (DIA-MS) was performed on 20 EC patients, consisting of 10 high-grade and 10 low-grade cancer tissues. IRMGs were screened using Spearman correlation, and an immune-related metabolic prognosis signature (IRMPS) was constructed based on the Cancer Genome Atlas-Uterine Corpus Endometrioid Carcinoma (TCGA-UCEC) cohort using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis. We also investigated differences between different risk groups in terms of prognostic value, clinical potency, immune characteristics and therapy response. In total, 285 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were acquired via DIA-MS. Subsequently, metabolic-DEGs and immune-DEGs were analyzed by Spearman correlation to identify 41 IRMGs. Finally, seven IRMGs, including NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 2 (NDUFA2), AMPK-alpha2 (PRKAA2), syntaxin binding protein 1 (STXBP1), NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex subunit 9 (NDUFB9), ribosomal protein S27-like (RPS27L), lysolecithin acyltransferase 2 (LPCAT2) and uridine monophosphate synthetase (UMPS) were identified to establish a prognosis signature. The risk score was determined as an independent prognostic indicator, and patients in the IRMPS-high group was strong linked with adverse prognosis for EC. Additionally, IRMPS was closely related with tumor immune infiltration. Notably, the IRMPS-low group had better immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) treatment response and more sensitive to chemotherapy drugs. In conclusion, IRMPS can serve as a precise prognostic tool to guide the personalized treatment of EC patients.