Risk Of Iron Deficiency Anemia Research Articles

Early identification of patients at risk for iron-deficiency anemia using deep learning techniques.

Iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) is a common health problem worldwide, and up to 10% of adult patients with incidental IDA may have gastrointestinal cancer. A diagnosis of IDA can be established through a combination of laboratory tests, but it is often underrecognized until a patient becomes symptomatic. Based on advances in machine learning, we hypothesized that we could reduce the time to diagnosis by developing an IDA prediction model. Our goal was to develop 3 neural networks by using retrospective longitudinal outpatient laboratory data to predict the risk of IDA 3 to 6 months before traditional diagnosis. We analyzed retrospective outpatient electronic health record data between 2009 and 2020 from an academic medical center in northern Texas. We included laboratory features from 30,603 patients to develop 3 types of neural networks: artificial neural networks, long short-term memory cells, and gated recurrent units. The classifiers were trained using the Adam Optimizer across 200 random training-validation splits. We calculated accuracy, area under the receiving operating characteristic curve, sensitivity, and specificity in the testing split. Although all models demonstrated comparable performance, the gated recurrent unit model outperformed the other 2, achieving an accuracy of 0.83, an area under the receiving operating characteristic curve of 0.89, a sensitivity of 0.75, and a specificity of 0.85 across 200 epochs. Our results showcase the feasibility of employing deep learning techniques for early prediction of IDA in the outpatient setting based on sequences of laboratory data, offering a substantial lead time for clinical intervention.

Risk analysis of air pollutants and types of anemia: a UK Biobank prospective cohort study.

Previous studies have suggested that exposure to air pollutants may be associated with specific blood indicators or anemia in certain populations. However, there is insufficient epidemiological data and prospective evidence to evaluate the relationship between environmental air pollution and specific types of anemia. We conducted a large-scale prospective cohort study based on the UK Biobank. Annual average concentrations of NO2, PM2.5, PM2.5-10, and PM10 were obtained from the ESCAPE study using the Land Use Regression (LUR) model. The association between atmospheric pollutants and different types of anemia was investigated using the Cox proportional hazards model. Furthermore, restricted cubic splines were used to explore exposure-response relationships for positive associations, followed by stratification and effect modification analyses by gender and age. After adjusting for demographic characteristics, 3-4 of the four types of air pollution were significantly associated with an increased risk of iron deficiency, vitamin B12 deficiency and folate deficiency anemia, while there was no significant association with other defined types of anemia. After full adjustment, we estimated that the hazard ratios (HRs) of iron deficiency anemia associated with each 10 μg/m3 increase in NO2, PM2.5, and PM10 were 1.04 (95%CI: 1.02, 1.07), 2.00 (95%CI: 1.71, 2.33), and 1.10 (95%CI: 1.02, 1.20) respectively. The HRs of folate deficiency anemia with each 10 μg/m3 increase in NO2, PM2.5, PM2.5-10, and PM10 were 1.25 (95%CI: 1.12, 1.40), 4.61 (95%CI: 2.03, 10.47), 2.81 (95%CI: 1.11, 7.08), and 1.99 (95%CI: 1.25, 3.15) respectively. For vitamin B12 deficiency anemia, no significant association with atmospheric pollution was found. Additionally, we estimated almost linear exposure-response curves between air pollution and anemia, and interaction analyses suggested that gender and age did not modify the association between air pollution and anemia. Our research provided reliable evidence for the association between long-term exposure to PM10, PM2.5, PM2.5-10, NO2, and several types of anemia. NO2, PM2.5, and PM10 significantly increased the risk of iron deficiency anemia and folate deficiency anemia. Additionally, we found that the smaller the PM diameter, the higher the risk, and folate deficiency anemia was more susceptible to air pollution than iron deficiency anemia. No association was observed between the four types of air pollution and hemolytic anemia, aplastic anemia, and other types of anemia. Although the mechanisms are not well understood, we emphasize the need to limit the levels of PM and NO2 in the environment to reduce the potential impact of air pollution on folate and iron deficiency anemia.

Anaemia of chronic disease among pulmonary tuberculosis patients is associated with inflammatory marker at the start of intensive phase

ABSTRACT Background: Tuberculosis (TB) disrupts iron balance through systemic inflammation. Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is linked to diverse anaemia types, necessitating intricate haematological and biochemical assessments for diagnosis. This study aims to describe the prevalence of anaemia of chronic disease (ACD), iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) among PTB patients and factors associated with these types of anaemia. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted from community-based cohort study involving sputum-positive PTB patients from 2018 to 2020 in urban Puducherry. Participants were enrolled from 10 primary health centres within 2 weeks of initiating anti-tubercular treatment (ATT). Blood samples were collected for assessing haematological and biochemical parameters. The sTfR/log ferritin ratio was used to distinguish between ACD and IDA. Data were captured using Epicollect5 and analysed using STATA V14. Result: Of the 176 PTB patients included, 63.07% (111/176) had anaemia, with ACD being the predominant type (84.6%, 94/111). The C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were higher among the anaemic group [40.77 (16.66-58.51) mg/dl vs 24.65 (14.23-47.26) mg/dl] and higher among the ACD as compared to IDA [46.9 (22.3-61.2) vs 20.8 (13.0-39.1) mg/dl]. Undernourished [adjusted prevalence ratio (APR) =3.43; confidence interval (CI): 1.21-9.69] and patients having low risk of dependence on tobacco [APR = 1.52; CI: 1.10-2.11] had higher risk of ACD. Female patients had higher risk of IDA [APR = 4.95, P < 0.01]. Conclusion: The largest proportion of the PTB participants with anaemia had ACD. Acute-phase reactant and inflammatory marker are increased among newly diagnosed new sputum smear-positive (NSP) PTB participants at the start of ATT. Addressing inflammation is needed for combating anaemia in PTB patients.

Iron deficiency anemia in pediatric children at Kalmunai North Base Hospital, Sri Lanka

<b>Objective:</b> This study's aim was to estimate association between the iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and associated risk factors among children at Kalmunai north in Sri Lanka during COVID-19. <b>Material and Methods: </b>During the pandemic, 101 children aged between 1and 14 years were involved in the cross sectional study. Hemoglobin levels, serum ferritin and C-recactive protein (CRP) were measured to determine anemia. Additionally, dietary intake, socioeconomic status, and demographic information were collected through interviews with the caregivers. Chi-square tests and Pearson correlation were used to investigate connections between IDA and other factors such as demographic characteristics and eating habits. In addition, a multivariate regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of IDA. <b>Results:</b> 7.9% of children were found to be anemic at Kalmunai Base Hospital. Low dietary iron consumption was revealed as a significant risk factor for IDA. Meat, liver, fish, chicken, fresh milk, dark green leafy vegetables, and black tea were found to be independent predictors of IDA, explaining 57.7% of the variation in IDA frequency (R<sup>2</sup> value = 57.7%; P< 0.001). Consuming dark green leafy vegetables, poultry, liver, beef, and fish are linked to a lower incidence of IDA in children. On the other hand, a higher risk of IDA appears to be associated with increased consumption of fresh milk and black tea. In conclusion, this study focuses on Dietary factors, especially the consumption of particular foods, were found to be significant contributors of IDA, even if demographic parameters did not differ significantly from IDA. Strategies to increase iron intake and dietary diversity, particularly among young children, are critical in the fight against IDA.

Impact of educational intervention on mothers of infants with iron-deficiency anemia.

This intervention study aimed to assess mothers' knowledge of iron-deficiency anemia (IDA). It also measured the impact of a health education program on their level of knowledge and their infants' IDA rates in rural areas of Nablus Governorate. Using a randomized pretest-posttest control group design, the efficacy of 3 months' education program was examined against control group. Assessments were made at baseline and after 3 months of conducting the intervention. A structured interviewing questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge about IDA, and blood samples were collected from infants in both groups. Only 1.9% of mothers in the intervention group and 3.5% of mothers in the control group had good level of knowledge at baseline. After the educational intervention, a significant statistical difference was observed in the mean total knowledge score between the intervention and control groups (33.68 + 5.366 versus 26.12 + 5.243), and the intervention group was seven times more likely to have good knowledge (relative risk = 7.332). Regarding IDA rate, there was a decrease in the infants with IDA in the intervention group (relative risk = 0.671) compared to infants in the control group. The planned health education program was effective in improving mothers' knowledge and reducing the risk of IDA among their infants.

Reticulocyte hemoglobin content associated with the risk of iron deficiency anemia

Background/ObjectiveReticulocyte hemoglobin content (MCHr) was recognized as a rapid and reliable marker for investigating iron deficiency (ID). We hypothesized that MCHr was associated with the risk of iron deficiency anemia in adults. MethodsThis is a dual-center case-control study. A total of 806 patients and healthy individuals were recruited from Ruijin Hospital and Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine between January 2021 and December 2021. The participants were categorized into iron deficiency anemia (IDA) group (n = 302), non-IDA group (n = 366), and healthy control group (n = 138). According to the MCHr level, the participants were divided into two groups, i.e. normal MCHr (≥25 pg) and decreased MCHr (<25 pg) group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis and adjusted subgroup analysis were conducted to estimate the relative risk between MCHr and IDA, with confounding factors including age, sex, hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), Hematocrit (HCT), serum iron (Fe), ferritin (Ferrit), and total iron binding capacity (TIBC). ResultsCompared with the non-IDA, the MCHr level with IDA decreased significantly. ROC curve analysis showed that MCHr had the largest area under the AUC curve. After comprehensive adjustment for confounding factors, individuals with normal level of MCHr exhibited a decreased risk of IDA (OR = 0.68 [0.60, 0.77], P < 0.01), while the risk of IDA was up to 5 times higher for those with decreased MCHr. ConclusionOur findings supported the hypothesis that MCHr was associated with the risk of IDA in adults and could serve as an indicator of IDA severity. MCHr holds clinical value as an auxiliary diagnostic indicator, providing valuable insights into whether invasive examinations are warranted in the assessment of IDA.

Effect of Iron Polymaltose Complex Prophylaxis on Frequency of Iron Deficiency and Iron Deficiency Anemia.

To evaluate the effectiveness of national iron prophylaxis policy in 9-12 mo-old infants in Turkey. This study was planned as a cross-sectional study, and it included healthy infants aged 9 to 12 mo who presented to the pediatric outpatient clinic for routine check-ups. Parents were interviewed to identify risk factors for iron deficiency (ID) and gather information on Fe+3- iron polymaltose complex (IPC) prophylaxis usage. Blood samples were collected for hemogram and ferritin analysis. Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine risk factors for ID and iron deficiency anemia (IDA). The study included 317 infants. In the non-prophylaxis group, the frequency of IDA was 31.1%, compared to 13.4% in the regular prophylaxis group. Iron deficiency was detected in 25% of individuals receiving regular prophylaxis and 13.1% of those without prophylaxis. The risk factors for IDA were insufficient iron diets (OR 2.45, 95% CI: 1.35-4.45) and not receiving Fe+3 - IPC prophylaxis (OR 2.57, 95% CI: 1.24-5.31). The relationship between Fe+3-IPC prophylaxis and ID did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.253). Fe+3- IPC prophylaxis is associated with a lower risk of iron deficiency anemia, but not iron deficiency.

The relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and iron status and anaemia in undernourished and non-undernourished children under five years in South Africa

BackgroundVitamin D (vitD) plays a role in iron metabolism by the suppression of hepcidin, while iron deficiency also impairs vitD metabolism. In undernourished children, iron and vitamin D deficiency are common. There is little knowledge of the inter-relationship between these two nutrients in undernourished and non-undernourished children. AimTo assess the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and iron status, and the effect of 3 doses of 50,000 IU of vitD on iron status in undernourished and non-undernourished children. MethodsWe measured serum 25(OH)D, haemoglobin (Hb), ferritin and soluble transferrin receptor in 121 undernourished and 51 non-undernourished children in clinics in the North-West Province of South Africa. Three doses of 50,000 IU/week of vitD was supplemented to children with suboptimal vitD levels. ResultsThe overall prevalence of suboptimal vitD concentration (25(OH)D < 30 ng/mL) was 20.3 %. Anaemia and iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) prevalence were 62 % and 49.2 % in the undernourished and 56.9 % and 42.9 % in the non-undernourished group. In the overall group, 25(OH)D < 30 ng/mL was associated with significantly higher IDA prevalence compared to those with 25(OH)D ≥ 30 ng/mL (64.7 % vs 43.0 %, p = 0.023), and was associated with an increased risk of IDA in the crude analysis (OR: 2.434 1.114, 5.318, p = 0.026). Serum 25(OH)D < 30 ng/mL was associated with 4 times (OR: 4.046, 95%CI: 1.022, 16.009, p = 0.046) and greater than 5 times (OR: 5.386, 95%CI: 1.528, 18.985, p = 0.009) increased odds of anaemia and IDA in the undernourished children, respectively. VitD supplementation resulted in a significant reduction of 55.9 % in TNF-α concentration (p = 0.008) in the overall group. ConclusionSuboptimal vitD concentration is associated with increased odds of anaemia and IDA. VitD status should be considered in anaemia prevention strategies, especially in populations where both vitD and iron deficiencies co-exist.

Compliance to iron folic acid supplementation and its associated factors among pregnant women attending Antenatal clinic in Wondo district: a cross-sectional study

Pregnant women are at high risk for iron deficiency anemia due to increased nutrient requirements during pregnancy. Despite high coverage of iron and folic acid supplementation (IFAS), low compliance is reported. The study aimed to assess compliance with IFAS and its associated factors among antenatal care (ANC) attendees in Wondo District, Southern Ethiopia. A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 pregnant women. Pregnant women were selected through systematic random sampling. Pre-tested structured questionnaire was used to collect data through face to face interview. Data were entered into Epi-info and exported to Statistical Package for Social Sciences for analysis. The variables with p-value < 0.25 in the bivariable analysis were entered into the multivariable logistic regression model. P values less than 0.05 were considered significant. Results were reported as crude and adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. The prevalence of compliance to IFAS was (177, 44.3%). Factors significantly associated with compliance to IFAS were maternal age ≥ 25 years [AOR 2.27, 95% CI (1.21, 4.28)], maternal education [AOR 2.62, 95% CI (1.43, 4. 79)], husband's education [AOR 3.60, 95% CI (2.07, 6.25)], knowledge of anemia [AOR 4.40, 95% CI (2.65, 7.30)], and knowledge of IFA [AOR 2.21, 95% CI (1.40, 3.50)]. This study showed that compliance to IFAS was low. Maternal age, maternal education, husband's education, knowledge about anemia and iron folic acid was found to be significantly associated with adherence to IFAS. Emphasis should be placed on young, uneducated mothers and their husbands.

Elevated first-trimester hepcidin level is associated with reduced risk of iron deficiency anemia in late pregnancy: a prospective cohort study.

Iron deficiency (ID) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) during pregnancy are highly prevalent worldwide. Hepcidin is considered an important biomarker of iron status. Currently, few longitudinal cohort studies have assessed the potential causal relationship between hepcidin and ID/IDA. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association of first-trimester maternal serum hepcidin with third-trimester ID/IDA risk in a prospective cohort. Total of 353 non-ID/IDA pregnant women at 11-13 weeks' gestation were enrolled in Southern China and followed up to 38 weeks of gestation. Data on demography and anthropometry were obtained from a structured questionnaire at enrollment. Iron biomarkers including hepcidin were measured at enrollment and follow-up. Regression models were used to evaluate the association of first-trimester hepcidin with third-trimester ID/IDA risk. Serum hepcidin levels substantially decreased from 19.39 ng/mL in the first trimester to 1.32 ng/mL in the third trimester. Incidences of third-trimester ID and IDA were 46.2 and 11.4%, respectively. Moreover, moderate and high levels of first-trimester hepcidin were positively related to third-trimester hepcidin (log-transformed β = 0.51; 95% CI = 0.01, 1.00 and log-transformed β = 0.66; 95% CI = 0.15, 1.17). Importantly, elevated first-trimester hepcidin was significantly associated with reduced risk of third-trimester IDA (OR = 0.38; 95% CI = 0.15, 0.99), but not with ID after adjustment with potential confounders. First-trimester hepcidin was negatively associated with IDA risk in late pregnancy, indicating higher first-trimester hepcidin level may predict reduced risk for developing IDA. Nonetheless, given the limited sample size, larger studies are still needed.

Machine Learning Prediction of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Chinese Premenopausal Women 12 Months after Sleeve Gastrectomy.

Premenopausal women, who account for more than half of patients for bariatric surgery, are at higher risk of developing postoperative iron deficiency anemia (IDA) than postmenopausal women and men. We aimed at establishing a machine learning model to evaluate the risk of newly onset IDA in premenopausal women 12 months after sleeve gastrectomy (SG). Premenopausal women with complete clinical records and undergoing SG were enrolled in this retrospective study. Newly onset IDA after surgery, the main outcome, was defined according to the age- and gender-specific World Health Organization criteria. A linear support vector machine model was developed to predict the risk of IDA after SG with the top five important features identified during feature selection. Four hundred and seven subjects aged 31.0 (Interquartile range (IQR): 26.0-36.0) years with a median follow-up period of 12 (IQR 7-13) months were analyzed. They were divided into a training set and a validation set with 285 and 122 individuals, respectively. Preoperative ferritin, age, hemoglobin, creatinine, and fasting C-peptide were included. The model showed moderate discrimination in both sets (area under curve 0.858 and 0.799, respectively, p < 0.001). The calibration curve indicated acceptable consistency between observed and predicted results in both sets. Moreover, decision curve analysis showed substantial clinical benefits of the model in both sets. Our machine learning model could accurately predict newly onset IDA in Chinese premenopausal women with obesity 12 months after SG. External validation was required before the model was used in clinical practice.

The Association Between Helicobacter pylori Infection With Different Types of Colon Cancer and Children’s Diseases: An Overview of Meta-analyses

Objectives: Helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative curved bacillus that assumes a significant role in colon cancer and children´s diseases. This study aimed to examine the association between H. pylori infection with colon cancer and children´s diseases in order to achieve a comprehensive understanding of these associations and for future works. Methods: Three main databases (i.e., Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials [CENTRAL], Scopus, and MEDLINE) were systematically searched by two reviewers from their inception date to 2022 in order to determine the association between the H. pylori infection with the colon cancer and children’s diseases. Results: The findings of two meta-analyses were similar regarding the positive association between the risks of colorectal neoplasm (pooled OR=0.18; 95% CI of 0.99–1.40; P&gt;0.05) and colon neoplasia (pooled OR=0.41; 95% confidence interval 1.24–1.60; P=0.000). H. pylori was associated with an increased risk of colorectal adenoma, adenocarcinoma, and advanced adenoma. Also H. pylori infection was correlated with a high risk of iron deficiency anemia (IDA), otitis media with effusion (OME), Henoch-Schonlein purpura, and growth disorders in children. Conclusions: In sum, the H. pylori infection may have been associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer and children’s diseases.

Association of Metformin Use with Iron Deficiency Anemia in Urban Chinese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.

Previous evidence yielded contradictory findings on the relationship between metformin and anemia. This study aims to assess whether metformin use is associated with iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) risk in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Beijing, China. Overall, 60,327 newly diagnosed T2D patients were included based on a historical cohort study design. The information pertaining to these patients was gathered from the Beijing Medical Claim Data for Employees Database. These patients were then categorized into the metformin and non-metformin groups and matched on a 1:1 propensity score based on their initial antidiabetic prescription. The Cox proportional hazards models were utilized to calculate the incidences and the hazard ratios (HRs). The study enrolled 27,960 patients with type 2 diabetes, with 13,980 patients in each of the initial glucose-lowering prescription groups: metformin and non-metformin. During a median follow-up period of 4.84 years, 4832 patients developed IDA. The incidence of IDA was significantly lower in the metformin group (26.08/1000 person-years) than in the non-metformin group (43.20/1000 person-years). Among the three groups divided by the proportion of days covered by metformin, we found a negative correlation between the proportion of days covered by metformin and the risk of IDA. The risk of IDA in patients with a proportion of days covered by metformin of <20%, 20-79%, and ≥80% was 0.43 (0.38, 0.48), 0.37 (0.34, 0.42), and 0.91 (0.85, 0.98), respectively, compared to the non-metformin group. We also performed subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses: the incidence of IDA in the metformin group was lower than that in the non-metformin group in all subgroups, and the protective effect was more significant in subgroups of patients aged ≥65, with Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) ≥2, and with gastric acid inhibitor use. In Chinese patients with T2DM, metformin treatment was associated with a decreased risk of IDA admission, and this risk responded positively to the proportion of days covered by metformin. These findings suggest that metformin may have a pleiotropic effect on IDA in patients with type 2 diabetes. Our study has important clinical implications for the management of patients with diabetes and other conditions that increase the risk of IDA.

Infection with Helicobacter Pylori and the Risk of Iron Deficiency Anaemia

Objective: The objective of this research is to determine the frequency of a condition known as iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) among people who have been infected with Helicobacter pylori. Study Design: Cross-sectional/ Prospective study Place and Duration: Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar in the duration from November, 2022 to April, 2023. Methods: There were a total of 116 patients with Helicobacter pylori infections, whose ages ranged from 20 to 70. After collecting demographic information from each participant (including age, sex, BMI, education level, and residence), each patient gave written informed consent. Subjects' blood was tested for iron, transferrin saturation, ferritin, which and total iron-binding capacity. Histopathology, stool antigen testing, a fast urease test, and a urea breath test can all diagnose Helicobacter pylori infection. All statistical analyses were performed in SPSS 25.0. Results: There were 74 (63.8%) females and 42 (36.2%) males in our study. Patients mean age was 28.13±14.68 years and had mean BMI 23.6±11.26 kg/m2. The mean Hemoglobin level of the patients was 11.9±1.8 (g/dl), the iron level was 47.11±6.49 (ug/dl) and mean ferritin level was 119.6±32.68 (ng per ml). Among 116 cases, 42 (36.2%) patients had Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA). Conclusion: An increased incidence of iron deficiency anaemia was seen among individuals with Helicobacter pylori infections; the majority of these patients were adult females. Keywords: H.pylori infection, Prevalence, Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA),

Factors Associated with Maternal Knowledge of Iron Nutrition and Supplementation in the Rural Tain District, Ghana

Background: Pregnant women are at a high risk of iron deficiency anaemia in Ghana. Despite the provision of iron nutrition education and supplementation for the prevention of iron deficiency anaemia in pregnancy, the estimated prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia in pregnancy is relatively high. The associated factors such as maternal knowledge of iron nutrition and supplementation therapy are not clear due to limited data. Objective: This study aims to assess maternal knowledge of iron nutrition and supplementation and associated factors in the rural Tain District of Ghana. Method: Cross-sectional quantitative data was used. Data was collected from a sample of 480 pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in any of the health facilities in the Tain district. The ten health facilities were stratified and the allocation of samples to each of the ten facilities was proportionate to size. Simple random sampling was used to select individual participants from a compiled list of registered antenatal mothers in each health facility. Results: In all, 36% of participants reported having adequate knowledge of iron nutrition and supplementation. Pregnant women whose husbands have no formal/Primary education (AOR=0.0078(95% CI: 0.021, 0.294), Middle/JHS education (AOR=0.223(95% CI: 0.067, 0.743) were associated with a knowledge of iron nutrition and supplementation. Pregnant women who have one child (AOR= 0.150 (95% CI: 0.053, 0.426) and those who have two children (AOR= 0.375(95% CI: 0.146, 0.963) had lower odds of adequate knowledge of iron nutrition and supplementation. Conclusion: Maternal knowledge of iron nutrition and supplementation for the prevention of iron deficiency anaemia is low. Health education on iron nutrition and supplementation therapy should be strengthened.

A Mini Review on The Relationship Between Coffee And Tea Consumption And Iron Absorption in The Gut – Iron Deficiency Anemia

This mini-review study was conducted to illustrate the relationship (s) between coffee and tea consumption and iron absorption in the gut – iron deficiency anemia. Due to their polyphenol type and content, black tea and coffee consumption was found to significantly increase the risk of iron deficiency anemia, whereas green tea consumption had no effect on how well iron was absorbed by the duodenum part of the small intestine. For critically ill patients, it is advised to wait at least an hour between meals and the consumption of tea or coffee in order to stop the advancement of iron deficiency anemia caused by polyphenols. It is also recommended to consume enhancers (ascorbic acid, meat, fish, and poultry, as prevalent in most industrialized nations) with black tea and coffee to counter the adverse effects of their polyphenols.

Математическое прогнозирование рисков железодефицитных состояний у женщин

Purpose. Based on the study of medico-social, medico-biological and psychological factors, to assess the risks of iron deficiency in women. The results obtained will be used to develop a relevant program for the prevention of iron deficiency anemia and latent iron deficiency in primary health care. Materials and methods. The medical and social study was conducted on the basis of the city polyclinics of Kazan, the samples included two groups of women: 394 patients with laboratory-confirmed iron deficiency, including its clinical manifestations, and 373 women with a confirmed absence of iron deficiency and without probable complaints. The following methods were used in the study: bibliographic, socio-hygienic, psychological testing, sociological, information-analytical, mathematical-statistical, organizational experiment. Results. New data have been established on the factors affecting the volume of tissue iron stores in women: statistically significant associations of serum ferritin with sleep quality parameters and carbohydrate intake. The risks of iron deficiency anemia and latent iron deficiency were assessed, and subranges for individual risk groups were calculated. Findings. Statistically significant associations were found in the ferritin-total protein model with late bedtime (p &lt;0,001), discrete sleep patterns (p &lt;0,001), situational anxiety (p &lt;0,001), and daily sugar intake (p = 0,021). According to mathematical forecasting, the greatest influence on the development of IDA in women is “going to bed” (R=2,1). Women who go to bed after midnight and from 23.00 to midnight are at risk of iron deficiency anemia, the risk of which is 2 times higher than in women who fall asleep before 23.00. The probability of latent iron deficiency in women with a high level of personal and situational anxiety is 28–29 times higher than in women with a low level of anxiety (R=29,254 and R=28, respectively).

Causal association between iron deficiency anemia and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study

BackgroundObservational studies have found an association between iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) risk. However, whether IDA plays a role in COPD development remains unclear. ObjectivesThis study was performed to explore the causal association between IDA and COPD. MethodsWe obtained summary statistics for IDA from 6087 cases and 211,115 controls of European ancestry in an open genome-wide association study (GWAS) to select strongly associated single nucleotide polymorphisms that could serve as instrumental variables for IDA (P < 5 × 10–8). Additional summary statistics for COPD were obtained from 6915 COPD cases and 186,723 controls of European ancestry from a publicly available GWAS. A bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis was performed using inverse variance weighting as the primary method of analysis. The reliability of the results was verified by heterogeneity and sensitivity analysis. ResultsIDA increased the risk of COPD, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.15 (95% confidence interval (CI: 1.04–1.25, p = 0.002). There was no evidence of a causal effect of COPD on IDA risk, with an OR of 0.99 (95% CI: 0.87–1.13, p = 0.91). The sensitivity analysis showed no evidence of heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy. ConclusionsWe found that IDA increases the risk of COPD. Additionally, there was no evidence that COPD increases the risk of IDA. Therefore, IDA should be considered in future COPD risk studies and reintroduced as a potential therapeutic target. The relationship between COPD and IDA risk requires further study using indirect mechanisms.

EDUKASI KESEHATAN TENTANG ANEMIA PADA REMAJA PUTRI

Anemia is a condition in which the amount of hemoglobin (Hb) in the blood is below normal. Adolescent girls are at risk for iron deficiency anemia. According to WHO, the normal hemoglobin level for women over the age of 15 is 12.0 g/dl (7.5 mmol). Nutrition knowledge education can increase nutrition knowledge and prevent anemia in adolescent girls. The stages of this service include: Survey of schools that will be given education, Collecting data on adolescent problems in SMA 1 Kalukku, Consulting and licensing to provide education and early detection through Hb checks, Preparation of materials, methods, and tools used for counseling and examinations , Implementation of counseling activities, blood pressure checks and early detection of anemia as well as Evaluation of the implementation of counseling activities and early detection The evaluation of PkM activities uses observation sheets. The results of the examination of the Hb levels of adolescent girls showed that from 62 female adolescents, 38 (61.29%) were not anemic, 18 (29.03%) had mild anemia and 6 (9.6%) were moderately anemic. The results of the questionnaire showed that 59.2% of participants had poor knowledge and 40.8% had good knowledge and after being given education there was an increase in the knowledge of young women, namely 30.3% had less knowledge and 69.7% with good knowledge. After being given education, there was an increase in the knowledge of young women from 59.2% to 30.3% with less knowledge. Furthermore, from 40.8% to 69.7% for good knowledge. Increased knowledge of adolescent girls about anemia is expected to prevent or reduce the incidence of anemia in adolescent girls in the district Mamuju.

Effect of “Uchakiri”(Vitex doniana),“Uturukpa” (Pterocarpus santalinoides) and “Ewa” (Solanum americanum) Methanoic Extract on Iron Status of Rats

Background: Iron deficiency anaemia is a hidden hunger which can affect at every stage of human development especially pregnant women and children.&#x0D; Aim: The study was carried out to ascertain the effect of “ewa”, “uturukpa” and “uchakiri” on iron status of rat.&#x0D; Methods: The vegetables were purchased from Oriemba market Akpugo in Nkanu West Local Government Area of Enugu State. The vegetables were trimmed, washed with deionized water and drained. The vegetables were ground using electric blender. Methanolic extraction was done using a modified method. All the analysis were carried out using a standard method.&#x0D; Results: The results obtained were 2.67-3.52 mg iron, 0.52-0.89 mg copper, 1.56-7.43 mg zinc, 2.42-120.70 mg calcium 10.16-39.10 mg magnesium, and 68.80-90.40 mg potassium. The mean serum ferritin, haemoglobin, packed cell volume and RBC all increased gradually after consumption of leaves extract.&#x0D; Conclusion: The result showed that ethanol leaf extract of Vitex doniana, “ewa” and “uturukpa” posseses anti-anemic potentials that are capable of reducing the risk of iron deficiency anemia in the society.