Risk Of Frost Damage Research Articles

Growth and yield-related traits of near-isogenic wheat lines carrying different alleles at the Vrn-D1 locus

ABSTRACT At the major vernalization locus ‘Vrn-D1’, the spring allele, Vrn-D1a, and two winter alleles, Vrn-D1b and vrn-D1, have been identified in wheat. We conducted field trials to determine the effects of alleles on growth and yield-related traits, using near-isogenic lines developed in the genetic background of spring type wheat cultivars, ‘Abukumawase’ and ‘Asakazekomugi’, both of which carry the Vrn-D1a allele. Although maturity date of three alleles was same, the panicle development occurred earlier in the following order of genotype: Vrn-D1a > Vrn-D1b > vrn-D1. There was a significant difference in panicle development even between two winter type alleles vrn-D1 and Vrn-D1b. Grain yield and the spikelet number per spike of the original spring type cultivars were lower than those of the winter type NILs. In addition, while the young panicle development of the tillers in the spring type cultivars was found to be two weeks to one month later in the tillers than that in the main stem, young panicle development of the main stem and tillers in the winter type NILs were almost identical. Hence, winter type wheat bearing vrn-D1 which exhibit later panicle development than that bearing Vrn-D1b, was elucidated to might be more useful especially in areas with high risk of frost damage. Spring type wheat had a lower sink capacity and grain yield, meanwhile that was considered to prevent severe frost damage by allowing late-developed tillers to survive.

Frost Damage Grade Index and Risk Regionalization of the Main Cultivars of Passion Fruit in Fujian Province

Frost Damage Grade Index and Risk Regionalization of the Main Cultivars of Passion Fruit in Fujian Province

Comparison of different frost models with hygrothermal simulations to better understand frost damage in porous building materials

Frost damage is one of the most important degradation phenomena of brick facades. Evaluating the risk of frost damage in advance is of utmost importance considering the difficulty of repairing frost damage without replacing the materials, which may not be an option for protected heritage facades. Various performance criteria and methods have been developed over the past decades to assess the risk of frost damage. However, these methods are derived from frost tests under extreme conditions, such as high saturation levels and very low freezing temperatures, and do not represent realistic conditions for mild climates. In 2019, Feng et al. tested four different bricks under milder conditions to understand the relationship of frost damage with freezing temperature and saturation degree. The research in this paper combines the results of Feng's study with hygrothermal simulations, which prove to be a valuable tool for assessing the risk of deterioration of facades of masonry buildings. In this paper, the frost decay assessment methods like the Fc-index, GC-factor and counting the critical freeze-thaw cycles are examined, discussed and finally dismissed. Finally, a more representative frost decay risk assessment method is proposed.

Ciclo fenológico e acúmulo térmico em genótipos de laranjeiras-doces no Sul do Brasil

Abstract The aim of this work was to study the phenology of several sweet orange cultivars and their relationship with the accumulated degree-day (ADD), under the conditions of the Depressão Central of Rio Grande do Sul, in Southern Brazil. For this, 25 genotypes were evaluated for three consecutive growing seasons between 2015 and 2018. The experiment was carried out in a Citrus Collection located in municipality of Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil. The ADD was calculated for each interval between the phenological stages, as well as for the entire cycle. The first one, swelling of the buds, was concentrated between mid-July and early August. Sprouting in winter increased the risk of frost damage. Full bloom occurred between August 28 and September 22, when the orange trees ‘Cabula’, ‘Rubi’, ‘Lima Verde’ and ‘Folha Murcha’ were the first to bloom and ‘Sanguinea’, ‘Salustiana’, ‘Midknight’ and ‘Jaffa’ the last. The last stage evaluated, the skin color change of the fruits, occurred between the beginning of April and the end of May, with 2,306.4 to 2,619.4 ADD, since the beginning of sprouting. The orange trees showed different behavior when compared between genotypes and between years. Two groups of cultivars were defined: early and late.

Influence of anionic polyacrylamide on the freeze–thaw resistance of silty clay

Freeze–thaw (FT) alternation can severely affect the properties of fine–grained soils, often leading to the failure of foundation backfill projects, such as open canals and roads in cold regions. To address these problems, a water–soluble anionic polyacrylamide (APAM) was used to improve the properties of fine–grained soils, particularly silty clay. This study aims to analyze the effects of the APAM polymer on the physico–mechanical and microstructural properties of silty clay under both unfrozen and FT cycles. For this purpose, different addition dosages and FT cycle numbers were determined, and then a series of zeta potential, thermal conductivity, permeability, triaxial compression, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) tests were conducted on the soil samples. Additionally, a unidirectional freezing test was constructed to investigate the coupled thermo–hydro–mechanical processes of APAM–treated soil samples under subzero temperature conditions. The results showed that the addition of the APAM polymer significantly enhanced the macroscopic engineering properties and microstructural characteristics of silty clay. This improvement was attributed to the charge neutralization, adsorption bridging effect, and hydrophobic interaction provided by the APAM polymer. However, all the soil samples showed a significant deterioration in their engineering properties during FT cycles, especially after the third FT cycle. It was notable that APAM–treated soil samples were superior to the untreated sample in terms of FT resistance. During the unidirectional freezing process, the pore water migrated from the unfrozen zone towards the freezing front due to the temperature gradient. The treated sample's pore water migration volume was considerably lower than that of the untreated sample, resulting in a 55.25% reduction in total frost heave when the APAM dosage was 0.30%. The findings of this paper may be utilized to mitigate the risk of frost damage to foundation backfill projects in cold regions, as well as to get a better understanding of the stabilization mechanism of the eco–friendly APAM polymer.

Inland populations of sugar maple manifest higher phenological plasticity than coastal populations

Plasticity is vital for plants to rapidly acclimate to environmental changes, especially under the climate change. Global warming could advance bud break and extend the growing season, but it also increases the risk of frost damage to developing leaves. In this study, we explored the phenological plasticity of bud burst of half-sib family sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) seedlings from 11 seed origins in two common gardens at the center and the northern edge of the species distribution in Quebec, Canada. Results showed that the phenological plasticity of sugar maple originating from inland was significantly higher than those from coastal areas at the beginning of leaf development. This discrepancy may result from the long-term frost change frequency of seed origins. Our study suggests that in the context of climate warming, the higher plasticity observed in sugar maple originating from inland areas may benefit from the phenological adaptation of sugar maple and the survival of local populations. It also suggests that inland populations may have a higher potential regarding to assisted migration, but this needs to be confirmed for other functional traits than phenology.

Frost Damage Risk in Insulated Masonry Walls: Challenges in Analysing Large Number of Numerical Simulations

This paper presents and applies a methodology for conducting and analysing large number of numerical simulations to investigate the risk of frost damage in internally insulated masonry walls. In this context, 2500 simulations were conducted with Delphin 6 software following a full factorial design with six input variables: insulation material, insulation thickness, brick thickness, brick type, interior water vapour production and wall orientation. The methodology is applied to investigate four different aspects: (1) the choice of damage indicator, (2) the impact of critical temperature and moisture content, (3) the location of investigation and (4) the impact of wall properties and boundary conditions on the risk of frost damage. The simulations show a good correlation between the different indicators and point out the large impact of critical values for temperature and moisture content on the risk of frost damage. It also shows that brick type, insulation thickness and orientation are important parameters when looking at the risk of frost damage. Lastly, it suggests that an investigation point at 10 mm from the exterior surface should be preferred rather than the 5 mm generally used in the literature. The main limitation of this study is related to its transferability. On the one hand, transferring the methodology would require a simple adaptation of the statistical model used. On the other hand, transferring the results obtained from applying the methodology is more complicated since those are highly case-related. Further work should focus on the generalization of these conclusions, including – but not limited to – other climatic data and other material properties.

Climate data for moisture simulations: producing a Danish moisture reference year and comparison with previously used reference year locations

Buildings comprise of complex systems, and various materials in combination. Different materials have different expected service life, and degradation processes start as soon as a building is put into operation. Degradation processes are often accelerated with the presence of moisture. To build robust and moisture safe buildings, hygrothermal simulations are used to predict hygrothermal conditions in constructions, and especially areas of risk. Simulations are useful tools for prediction of moisture accumulation, and results can further help predict the risk of moisture damage, i.e., frost damage or mould growth. The external climate can therefore have a significant impact on the service life of constructions. Due to the lack of a sufficient Danish climate reference year, including precipitation, hygrothermal simulations of Danish constructions are currently performed with either Danish climate data without precipitation (primarily for energy and indoor climate conditions), or with climate data from closest locations in either Sweden or Germany which include rain. Therefore, a complete Danish reference year, including precipitation, will inevitably enhance the value of hygrothermal simulations of buildings in Denmark. This paper presents the method used to develop full climate datasets based on Danish conditions, including precipitation. To integrate the climate datasets in the hygrothermal simulation programs, the climate datasets contain the following parameters: temperature, relative humidity, wind direction and speed, solar radiation, rain, as well as estimations for cloud cover and longwave radiation based on the other climate parameters. The climate datasets generated and presented in this paper, represent a Typical Meteorological Year (TMY), without extreme events, generated according to EN ISO 15927-4:2006. The climate datasets are based on Danish climate data from the period 2001-2019, provided by the Danish Meteorological Institute, DMI. By prioritizing climate parameters, and through statistical analysis, representative 1-year reference climate datasets were generated based on Danish climate conditions. The climate parameters of the 1-year reference climate datasets are compared with the traditionally used Swedish and German datasets, and a Danish Design Reference Year (DRY) from 1995.

Sensitivity Analysis of Traditional Solid Masonry Wall to Frost Damage in North China

The historic façades are significant to building heritage, but they are also extremely vulnerable to changing environmental conditions. Water is well studied as the primary agent that causes the deterioration of porous materials, but the impact of variations in moisture storage, moisture transport, and thermal properties of the materials in solid masonry wall construction remains uncertain and requires quantitative analysis. Sensitivity analysis of solid wall construction can be beneficial in understanding the correlation between material properties and risk in proposing rational preservation strategies. This paper aims to investigate the predominant parameters for frost damage criteria in traditional Chinese masonry construction in North China. Under typical outdoor climate conditions in North China and a constant indoor climate, a 2D Heat, Air Moisture (HAM) model is applied to 240mm and 370 mm thick walls. The sensitivity analysis is quantified with three frost-related criteria. The hygrothermal simulation validates that the main dominant factor varies with different criteria and that the properties of adjacent materials dominate the frost damage risk at certain locations. The results could contribute to the expansion of the international material database and the conservation of masonry heritage from the risk of the freeze-thaw cycle.

The Effect of Sowing Date on the Growth and Yield of Soybeans Cultivated in North-Eastern Poland

Soybean yields are influenced by numerous factors, including environmental conditions, location, and agricultural practices. Sowing date affects plant growth, development, and yields, and it plays a particularly important role in soybean cultivation. The optimal sowing date should be selected based on soil temperature, precipitation, and rainfall distribution in a given region. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of various sowing dates (I—early, II—optimal, III—late) on the time from sowing to emergence of soybean seedlings, length of the growing season, morphological traits of soybean plants, yield components, and seed yields of soybeans grown in north-eastern Poland. Sowing date considerably affected the time from sowing to the emergence of soybean seedlings and seed yields. In north-eastern Poland, soybeans should be sown in the first half of May to minimize the risk of ground frost damage, which can occur even in late May. Sowing date also influenced soybean yields. In north-eastern Poland (Region of Warmia and Mazury), yields were maximized when soybeans were sown late (in mid-May), which was decisively influenced by climatic conditions, mainly temperature. The linear regression analysis revealed that the length of the growing season was correlated with the seed yields of soybeans sown on different dates.

Development of pore water pressure during freeze-thaw cycles in weather conditions

To assess the risk of frost damage to building materials, the mechanisms of pressure development in a material due to freezing under weather conditions should be adequately understood. In this study, we have demonstrated the evolution of pore water pressure in a brick wall during cyclic freezing and thawing caused by changes in air temperature and solar radiation. We developed a coupled hygrothermal and mechanical model of brick walls based on the theory of poromechanics. The calculation results showed that the water pressure in a south facing wall increases significantly during the night in a cold region. For a south facing wall, the surface thaws during the day due to solar radiation and freezes again at night, while the interior remains frozen throughout the day. We conclude that such incomplete freeze-thaw cycles in the weather conditions are much more damaging to building materials than a monotonous repetition of complete freezing and thawing.

Climate change information tailored to the agricultural sector in Central Europe, exemplified on the region of Lower Franconia

There is a growing societal, economic, and political demand to translate available data on regional climate change into sector-specific, practice-oriented, and user-friendly information. The study presents a demand-driven approach to specify the impacts of regional climate change on agriculture, viticulture, and fruit and vegetable growing in Lower Franconia, southern Germany, a region with heterogeneous topography, diversified land use patterns, and intense activities in the sectors specified above. The approach is based on an ensemble of high-resolution regional climate model projections, a bias correction tool, and a large spectrum of meteorological (extreme) indicators that are crucial to the agricultural sector in Central Europe, as inferred from a stakeholder survey.For several decades, Lower Franconia represents a hotspot region of climate change with enhanced heat waves, prolonged droughts, and intermittent local flooding by heavy rainfall events. Results of the high-resolution regional climate model projections indicate an increase of hot days and tropical nights by a factor of 5 and 12, respectively, if greenhouse gas emissions continue to grow until 2100 according to the RCP8.5 emission scenario. At the same time, droughts will occur more frequently and last longer while rainfall intensity enhances. A longer growing period starting more than 40 days earlier (compared to the reference period 1970 to 1999) implies a higher risk of late frost damage for crops, fruits, grapes, and even some tree species. In contrast, the thermal prerequisites for viticulture will be satisfied across the entire region, even at higher-elevation sites. These facets of regional climate change are made accessible to users and the public via an interactive field-resolving web portal. Altogether, they gravely challenge the historically developed land use systems in Lower Franconia and require timely adaptation and mitigation strategies.

Early Age Performance of OPC-GGBFS-Concretes Containing Belite-CSA Cement Cured at Sub-Zero Temperatures

This study determined how replacing sodium nitrate-based antifreeze admixture (AF) with belite-calcium sulfoaluminate (belite-CSA) cement affects the early age properties of ecological concretes based on ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS). Concrete specimens were cured at −15 °C and treated in various ways before testing, i.e., no treatment, stored at 20 °C for 12 and 24 h. Generally, the addition of belite-CSA cement shortened the setting time due to the rapid formation of ettringite. The incorporation of 25 wt% of antifreeze admixture (AF) to the OPC-GGBFS concrete cured at −15 °C partially inhibited ice formation and enabled the continuation of hydration processes. This trend was observed for all samples, independent of the applied AF after freezing curing. On the contrary, the addition of 20 wt% of CSA failed to inhibit the ice formation and increased the risk of frost damage for concretes despite the treatment after freezing. These concrete specimens had lower hydration, lower strength, and a more porous binder matrix. The microstructure of the binder matrix was significantly affected by the amount of CSA and extreme negative curing, followed by no notable recovery post-curing at room temperature. Therefore, pre-curing at room temperature for at least 6 h has the potential to avoid frost damage. Concrete containing 25 wt% AF combined with 12 h and 24 h of curing at 20 °C after removal from freezing and prior to testing could enhance the compressive strengths of all concretes. The renewed hydration was indicated as the main influencing factor.

The role of admixed CaO in a sulphoaluminate cement system under winter environments

Sulfoaluminate cement (CSA) is a low-carbon binder and can be regarded as an ideal cementitious material for winter construction and repair projects. However, the admixed CaO on the performance of CSA and its mechanism is still unclear, as well as the investigations and applications of CSA in negative temperature environments are very limited. Therefore, the impact of CaO on the setting time, compressive strength, cooling curve, and microscopic properties of CSA composite are systematically investigated. The experimental results reveal that the admixed CaO can significantly improve the compressive strength of CSA composite at negative temperatures (e.g., −5 °C, −10 °C, and −20 °C), and the admixed 2% CaO is the most effective in enhancing the compressive strength of CSA paste. At the beginning of hydration, CaO-modified CSA paste shows a significant exothermic peak, thus the freezing process of the liquid phase is retarded and the CSA can sustain hydration at −20 °C. Remarkably, the admixed 2% CaO can reduce the freezing point of the liquid phase of CSA paste to −7.2 °C, accordingly, decreasing the amount of freezable water and the risk of frost damage.

Experimental and simulation on night heat dissipation characteristics and freezing process of evacuated tube solar water heaters

The winter operation of all-glass evacuated tube solar water heaters (ETSWH) often encounters the problem of ice damage. Studying their nighttime heat dissipation and freezing characteristics can further reduce the risk of frost damage during winter use. A numerical model for the nighttime heat dissipation of all-glass evacuated tube collectors is proposed in this study. An enthalpy equation is also introduced to analyze the heat dissipation process and freezing conditions of water inside the ETSWH under lower temperature conditions. Based on this, a nighttime heat loss model for solar vacuum tube collectors, including the effects of radiation and phase change factors, is established and validated through nighttime temperature drop experiments, which can effectively predict the temperature distribution and antifreeze performance of ETSWH during the nighttime heat dissipation process. In addition, the independent effects of the initial temperature of the water inside ETSWH, the thickness of the water tank insulation layer, and the absorptive coating emissivity on the heat dissipation process of ETSWH are studied, and the heat dissipation of ETSWH during winter nights in five different climatic zones in China is simulated. Experimental and simulation results show that under cold and clear winter weather conditions in Luoyang, ice forms in ETSWH during nighttime. The icing first occurs at the bottom of the vacuum tube, and the icing length on the wall and the icing thickness at the bottom can reach 1145 mm and 15 mm, respectively. In severely cold areas and cold regions such as Harbin and Beijing, there is a high risk of frost damage to ETSWH during winter. Keeping the initial working fluid temperature in the heater above 50 °C, ensuring a minimum insulation thickness of 50 mm, and reducing the emissivity of the absorptive coating in the heater to below 0.07 can effectively solve the freezing problem and have significant implications for the promotion and application of all-glass evacuated tube collectors.

Detecting emerging frost crystals on leaf surfaces using microscopic imaging

Natural radiation frost is a potential threat or even a serious disaster during the growth of agricultural crops. To avoid or reduce the risk of frost damage to crops, frost detection especially the timely and real-time detection of emerging frost crystals, is of great importance in agricultural frost protection. Therefore, this paper proposes an object detection model Frost-YOLOv5 based on microscopic imaging of emerging frost crystals on the leaf surface. Firstly, a YOLOv5 initial detection model was established by observing frost under natural conditions and using microscopic cameras to acquire images of emerging frost crystals formed on the leaf surface. From these images, the channel attention mechanism and spatial attention mechanism were combined to construct a small frost crystal feature depth extraction network. Secondly, the RGB three-channel Wiener filtering algorithm was used to recover the noise source images from motion blur in the frost crystal dataset. Through experimental validation on different light intensities and different frost crystal cluster datasets, the Frost-YOLOv5 model all showed better robustness compared with various object detection algorithms, and its frost crystal detection accuracy P and average accuracy AP values were 98.89% and 81.72%, respectively. Ultimately, the Frost-YOLOv5 model can effectively detect emerging frost crystal targets and provide theoretical principles and technical support for agrometeorological monitoring research.

The underappreciated importance of solar radiation in constraining spring phenology of temperate ecosystems in the Northern and Eastern United States

Spring phenology of temperate ecosystems is highly sensitive to climate change, generating various impacts on many important terrestrial surface biophysical processes. Although various prognostic models relying on environmental variables of temperature and photoperiod have been developed for spring phenology, comprehensive ecosystem-scale evaluations over large landscapes and long-time periods remain lacking. Further, environmental variables other than temperature and photoperiod might also importantly constrain spring phenology modelling but remain under-investigation. To address these issues, we leveraged around 20-years datasets of environmental variables (from Daymet and GLDAS products) and the spring phenology metric (i.e., the greenup date) respectively derived from MODIS and PhenoCams across 108 sites in the Northern and Eastern United States. We firstly cross-compared MODIS-derived greenup date with official PhenoCams product with high accuracy (R2 = 0.70). Then, we evaluated the three prognostic models (i.e., Growing Degree Date (GDD), Sequential (SEQ) and optimality-based (OPT)) with MODIS-derived spring phenology, assessed the model residuals and their associations with soil moisture, rainfall, and solar radiation, and revised the two photoperiod-relevant models (SEQ, OPT) by replacing the daylength variable with solar radiation, which was found to contribute the most to model residuals. We found that 1) all models demonstrated good capability in characterizing spring phenology, with OPT performing the best (RMSE = 8.04 ± 5.05 days), followed by SEQ (RMSE = 10.57 ± 7.77 days) and GDD (RMSE = 10.84 ± 8.42 days), 2) all models displayed high model residuals showing tight correlation with solar radiation (r = 0.45–0.75), and 3) the revised models that included solar radiation significantly performed better with an RMSE reduction by 22.08%. Such results are likely because solar radiation better constrains early growing season plant photosynthesis than photoperiod, supporting the hypothesis of spring phenology as an adaptive strategy to maximize photosynthetic carbon gain (approximated by solar radiation) while minimizing frost damage risk (captured by temperature). Collectively, our study reveals the underappreciated importance of solar radiation in constraining spring phenology of temperate ecosystems, and suggests ways to improve spring phenology modelling and other phenology-related ecological processes.

Development of Electrically Conductive Cold Weather Cement Concrete

Placing fresh cement concrete is not permitted during cold weather under normal conditions due to the risk of frost damage. On the other hand, electrically conductive concrete can be used for deicing/snow-melting applications. This paper presents laboratory investigations to develop electrically conductive cold weather concrete (ECCWC) that can be cast and cured below freezing temperatures and has sufficient electrical conductivity for Joule heating. The concrete has additive-based freeze protection (ABFP) systems that consist of optimized amounts of accelerators and corrosion-inhibiting admixtures. Several mixture proportions were made with 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1.0% carbon fibers by volume of concrete to increase the concrete’s conductivity. ECCWC specimens were mixed, cast, and cured at −5°C. The measured freezing points of fresh concrete mixtures were below −5°C. The compressive strength development of ECCWC cured at −5°C was slow compared with the strength development of conductive concrete cured at 20°C. However, ECCWC could reach 55 MPa at 28 days of age. The temperature of hardened ECCWC increased by 18.5°C within 20 min when subjected to a potential difference of 30 V (alternating current). ABFP implemented in the ECCWC mixtures reduces the risk of frost damage and provides the opportunity to place fresh conductive cold weather concrete at ambient temperatures of −5°C without the need for taking curing precautions. The developed ECCWC introduces a new method for constructing multifunctional concrete structures to be placed and cured in cold regions.

Spring emergence and canopy development strategies in miscanthus hybrids in Mediterranean, continental and maritime European climates

AbstractDue to its versatility and storability, biomass is an important resource for renewable materials and energy. Miscanthus hybrids combine high yield potential, low input demand, tolerance of certain marginal land types and several ecosystem benefits. To date, miscanthus breeding has focussed on increasing yield potential by maximising radiation interception through: (1) selection for early emergence, (2) increasing the growth rate to reach canopy closure as fast as possible, and (3) delayed flowering and senescence. The objective of this study is to compare early season re‐growth in miscanthus hybrids cultivated across Europe. Determination of differences in early canopy development on end‐of‐year yield traits is required to provide information for breeding decisions to improve future crop performance. For this purpose, a trial was planted with four miscanthus hybrids (two novel seed‐based hybrids M. sinensis × sinensis [M sin × sin] and M. sacchariflorus × sinensis [M sac × sin], a novel rhizome‐based M sac × sin and a standard Miscanthus × giganteus [M × g] clone) in the UK, Germany, Croatia and Italy, and was monitored in the third and fourth growing season. We determined differences between the hybrids in base temperature, frost sensitivity and emergence strategy. M × g and M sac × sin mainly emerged from belowground plant organs, producing fewer but thicker shoots at the beginning of the growing season but these shoots were susceptible to air frosts (determined by recording 0°C 2 m above ground surface). By contrast, M sin × sin emerged 10 days earlier, avoiding damage by late spring frosts and producing a high number of thinner shoots from aboveground shoots. Therefore, we recommend cultivating M sac × sin at locations with low risk and M sin × sin at locations with higher risk of late spring frosts. Selecting miscanthus hybrids that produce shoots throughout the vegetation period is an effective strategy to limit the risk of late frost damage and avoid reduction in yield from a shortened growing season.

Assessment of frost damage risk in a historic masonry wall due to climate change

Abstract. Historic masonry buildings are an integral part of human cultural heritage, and they need to be preserved for future generations. Brick is susceptible to frost damage which is common in regions with cold and humid climates. The frost damage on the masonry walls is accumulated over the years becoming more and more critical for the integrity of the historic buildings and it is also affected by climate change (CC). In the current research, the focus was placed on a coastal region in southern Norway with a significant number of historic masonry buildings. The frost damage risk of the masonry walls was assessed by using data from a climate reanalysis for the present conditions and from a climate model under past, present, and future conditions. Two climate-based (CB) indices accounting for the air temperature and one material response-based (MRB) index considering the temperature and moisture content inside a simulated masonry wall were used for the frost damage risk assessment. The inputs for the MRB index were calculated by heat, air, and moisture (HAM) transfer simulations. Within the HAM simulations, the indoor climate was in one case representative of an unconditioned building with air leakages and many openings, while in the second case it was representative of a small, conditioned room. The overall impact of CC was a decrease in the frost damage risk of the masonry walls. However, an increased frost damage risk was observed from the present to the future conditions according to the MRB index for the walls of small, conditioned rooms with higher driving rain load and lower solar radiation gains. The (i) number of freeze-thaw events, (ii) periods during which freeze-thaw events occur, and (iii) CC-related trends varied based on the considered index with the most explicit risk assessment being the MRB one. Moreover, the freeze-thaw events experienced by the masonry walls of unconditioned, leaky buildings were 20 times more than the ones for the small, conditioned rooms. Significant differences were observed between the results from the climate model and the climate reanalysis which were mainly linked to the underestimation of the air temperature and the overestimation of the precipitation by the climate model. The outputs of the MRB index were translated into certain damage categories while suggestions on improving the limitations of the current research were made.