Risk For Alcohol Use Disorder Research Articles

Interactive effects of genetic liability and combat exposure on risk of alcohol use disorder among US service members

Interactive effects of genetic liability and combat exposure on risk of alcohol use disorder among US service members

Associations of Minority Stressors, Alcohol Use Disorder, Resilience, and HIV Testing Self-Efficacy Among Community-Based Black Men Who Have Sex with Men in a Southern U.S. City: A Causal Mediation and Moderation Analysis

Background: Black men who have sex with men (BMSM) face multiple minority stressors (e.g., homophobia, racism, and presumed HIV status) that may indirectly erode their confidence in pursuing HIV testing uptake through exacerbating alcohol use disorder (AUD). Objectives: Using cross-sectional data from 203 community-based BMSM (71.4% as homosexual with a mean age of 26 years) living in a Southern US city, we conducted a causal mediation and moderation analysis to investigate in/direct pathways linking minority stressors, AUD risk, and self-efficacy of HIV testing, including how resilience may moderate these associations. Results: Our mediation analysis revealed that AUD risk accounted for 32.1% of the total effect of internalized homonegativity (βtotal effect = -0.424; SE=0.071; p<0.001), 28.6% of the total effect of experienced homophobia (βtotal effect = -0.684; SE=0.122; p<0.001), and 15.3% of the total effect of perceived HIV stigma (βtotal effect = -0.361; SE=0.164; p<0.05) on HIV testing self-efficacy. Resilience significantly moderated the associations of experienced homophobia (β = -0.049; SE=0.011; p<0.001), internalized homonegativity (β = -0.065; SE=0.027; p<0.01), and perceived HIV stigma (β = -0.034; SE=0.013; p<0.05) with AUD risk. Resilience also significantly moderated the associations of experienced homophobia (β = -0.073; SE=0.021; p<0.01), internalized homonegativity (β = -0.082; SE=0.012; p<0.001), perceived HIV stigma (β = -0.037; SE=0.039; p<0.05), and AUD risk (β = -0.021; SE=0.015; p<0.05) with HIV testing self-efficacy. Conclusions: Our study provides important implications in identifying multilevel sources for building resilience among BMSM to buffer the effects of minority stress on AUD risk and improve HIV testing outcomes.

Emotional Impact of COVID-19 and Emotional Eating and the Risk of Alcohol Use Disorder in Peruvian Healthcare Students.

This study aimed to explore the association between the emotional impact of COVID-19 and emotional eating and the risk of alcohol use disorder among Peruvian health science students. We conducted a cross-sectional analytical study in which an online questionnaire was administered to 456 health science interns from four cities in Peru. We used the COVID-19 Emotional Impact Profile questionnaire, Mindful Eating Questionnaire, and Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. Spearman's correlations were calculated and two multiple linear regression models were developed. 68.4% of the participants were emotional eaters and 8.6% reported low-risk levels of alcohol use disorder. Based on the results of the first model, the overall emotional impact of COVID-19, being overweight or obese, depression and anxiety levels, and living with only one parent were factors associated with emotional eating. The results of the second model showed that the level of depression, living with just one parent, living alone, sex, and number of months as an intern were factors associated with the risk of alcohol use disorder. To reduce emotional eating and the risk of alcohol use disorder among interns, universities should implement interventions aimed at reducing the emotional impact of COVID-19 and provide nutritional counseling.

Unveiling the power of optimism: Exploring behavioral and neuromolecular correlates of alcohol seeking and drinking in rats with biased judgement

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a common psychiatric condition with substantial global mortality. Despite extensive research into its pathophysiology, the cognitive predispositions driving alcohol dependence are less understood. This study explores whether biased cognition, specifically traits of optimism and pessimism, predicts susceptibility to alcohol-seeking behaviors using an animal model.Rats were initially tested for judgement bias through Ambiguous Cue Interpretation tests. Those identified as ‘optimistic' or ‘pessimistic' were further examined for their tendency to escalate alcohol intake using the intermittent access 2-bottle choice (2BC) paradigm. Additionally, we assessed how judgement bias influenced the development of compulsive alcohol-seeking behavior in a Seeking-Taking (ST) and Seeking-Taking Punishment tasks, alcohol-seeking motivation in the Progressive Ratio Schedule of Reinforcement paradigm, the speed of extinction, and reinstatement after abstinence. Neurochemical analyses were conducted to investigate trait-specific differences in neurotransmitter-related gene expression and receptor densities in the brain. We used TaqMan Gene Expression Array Cards to analyze expression levels of genes linked to serotonergic, dopaminergic, glutamatergic, and GABAergic pathways, and alcohol metabolism in various brain regions. Receptor densities for 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, and D2 were measured using autoradiography analysis.Behaviorally, ‘optimistic' rats showed significantly lower alcohol consumption in the 2BC paradigm compared to ‘pessimistic' rats. This lowered intake correlated with decreased monoamine oxidase-A (Maoa) expression in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and increased metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 (Grm2) expression in the amygdala (Amy). Additionally, we observed significant interactions between judgement bias and alcohol intake in the expression of several genes in the mPFC, nucleus accumbens (Nacc), orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), and Amy, as well as in 5-HT2A receptor binding in the Nacc.Overall, these results suggest that optimism is linked to lower alcohol consumption and related neurochemical changes, indicating a potential cognitive mechanism in AUD risk.

Integrative genomics approach identifies glial transcriptomic dysregulation and risk in the cortex of individuals with Alcohol Use Disorder.

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a prevalent neuropsychiatric disorder that is a major global health concern, affecting millions of people worldwide. Past molecular studies of AUD used underpowered single cell analysis or bulk homogenates of postmortem brain tissue, which obscures gene expression changes in specific cell types. Here we performed single nuclei RNA-sequencing analysis of 73 post-mortem samples from individuals with AUD (N=36, N nuclei = 248,873) and neurotypical controls (N=37, N nuclei = 210,573) in both sexes across two institutional sites. We identified 32 clusters and found widespread cell type-specific transcriptomic changes across the cortex in AUD, particularly affecting glia. We found the greatest dysregulation in novel microglial and astrocytic subtypes that accounted for the majority of differential gene expression and co-expression modules linked to AUD. Analysis for cell type-specific enrichment of aggregate genetic risk for AUD identified subtypes of microglia and astrocytes as potential key players not only affected by but causally linked to the progression of AUD. These results highlight the importance of cell-type specific molecular changes in AUD and offer opportunities to identify novel targets for treatment.

Vicarious heterosexism-based stress induces alcohol, nicotine, and cannabis craving and negative affect among sexual minority young adults: An experimental study

PurposeSexual minority young adults are at increased risk for hazardous drinking and alcohol use disorder compared to heterosexual adults. Heterosexism-based stressors contribute and often explain inequities in alcohol outcomes. However, the extant research primarily relies on correlational designs, and often neglects the importance of alcohol craving, despite its foundational role in addiction. Leveraging a novel experimental mood induction paradigm, this study examined the effects of exposure to vicarious heterosexism-based stress on alcohol craving and negative affect among sexual minority young adults who drink heavily. We also examined its effects on cannabis and nicotine craving among participants who used cannabis and nicotine, respectively. Lastly, we examined moderating factors that could influence the impact of exposure to heterosexism-based stress on alcohol craving. MethodsParticipants were 101 heavy drinking sexual minority young adults, ages 20–35 (M = 26.46 years old; SD = 3.49), recruited from the community (51.5% female sex assigned at birth; 76.3% cisgender; 51.5% plurisexual; and 42.6% racial and ethnic minorities). They completed three mood induction trials counterbalanced over three visits on different days: heterosexism stress, general stress, and neutral. Structured interviews assessed criteria for DSM-5 alcohol use disorder (AUD) and substance use, and self-report measures assessed lifetime traumatic stressors. ResultsMost participants met criteria for past-year AUD (74.7%). Exposure to heterosexism stress produced more negative affect and substance craving than the neutral mood induction, even while controlling for demographic variables and lifetime exposure to traumatic and heterosexism stressors. Exposure to heterosexism-based stress had large effects on alcohol craving among participants who had greater drinking to cope motives and heterosexism-specific rejection sensitivity, whereas the effects were small for those who had lower drinking to cope motives and heterosexism-specific rejection sensitivity. Demographic, lifetime stress, prior alcohol use, and AUD symptom severity variables were not significant moderators. Greater substance craving induced by heterosexism-based stress in the laboratory was associated with greater recent and current substance use. ConclusionsThis study findings show that vicarious exposure to heterosexism elicits negative mood and alcohol, cannabis, and nicotine craving among sexual minority young adults who engaged in heavy drinking. The effects for alcohol craving were largest among those who endorse high levels of drinking to cope motives and heterosexism-based rejection sensitivity. These findings have implications for oppression-based stress and motivational models of addiction.

Effects of voluntary chronic intermittent access to ethanol on the behavioral performance in adult C57BL/6 J mice

BackgroundChronic alcohol drinking increases the risk of alcohol use disorders, causing various neurological disorders. However, the impact of different ethanol levels on a spectrum of behaviors during chronic drinking remains unclear. In this study, we established an intermittent access to ethanol in a two-bottle choice (IA2BC) procedure to explore the dose-dependent effects of ethanol on the behavioral performance of C57BL/6 J mice. MethodsAdult male C57BL/6 J mice were provided voluntary access to different ethanol concentrations (0 %, 5 %, 10 %, and 20 % ethanol) under a 12-week IA2BC paradigm. A battery of behavioral tests was administered to assess alterations in pain threshold, anxiety-like behaviors, locomotor activity, motor coordination, and cognition. Ethanol consumption and preference were monitored during each session. Moreover, the liver, heart, and lung tissues were examined using pathological microscopy. ResultsThe average (standard deviation) ethanol consumption of mice under the IA2BC paradigm increased dose-dependently to 5.1 (0.2), 8.7 (0.7), and 15.9 (0.8) g/kg/24 h with 5 %, 10 %, and 20 % ethanol, respectively. However, there is no significant difference in ethanol preference among all the ethanol groups. Chronic ethanol drinking caused hyperalgesia, cognitive impairment, and motor incoordination, but caused no changes in body temperature, locomotor activity, or anxiety-like behaviors. Minor histopathological alterations in the liver were detected; however, no major abnormal pathology was observed in the heart or lungs. ConclusionThese findings clarify the link between ethanol dosage and behavioral changes in mice over a 12-week IA2BC paradigm, thereby bridging the knowledge gap regarding the effects of chronic ethanol drinking on neurological disorders.

Profiles of alcohol intoxication and their associated risks in young adults' natural settings: A multilevel latent profile analysis applied to daily transdermal alcohol concentration data.

Transdermal alcohol concentration (TAC) sensors capture aspects of drinking events that self-reports cannot. The multidimensional nature of TAC data allows novel classification of drinking days and identification of associated behavioral and contextual risks. We used multilevel latent profile analysis (MLPA) to create day-level profiles of TAC features and test their associations with (a) daily behaviors and contexts and (b) risk for alcohol use disorders at baseline. Two hundred twenty-two regularly heavy-drinking young adults (Mage = 22.3) completed the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) at baseline and then responded to mobile phone surveys and wore TAC sensors for six consecutive days. MLPA identified day-level profiles using four TAC features (peak, rise rate, fall rate, and duration). TAC profiles were tested as correlates of daily drinking behaviors, contexts, and baseline AUDIT. Four profiles emerged: (a) high-fast (8.5% of days), (b) moderate-fast (12.8%), (c) low-slow (20.4%), and (d) little-to-no drinking days (58.2%). Profiles differed in the odds of risky drinking behaviors and contexts. The highest risk occurred on high-fast days, followed by moderate-fast, low-slow, and little-to-no drinking days. Higher baseline AUDIT predicted higher odds of high-fast and moderate-fast days. Days with high and fast intoxication are reflective of high-risk drinking behaviors and were most frequent among those at risk for alcohol use disorders. TAC research using MLPA may offer novel and important insights to intervention efforts. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Coping style as a risk factor for future alcohol use disorder: A 16-year longitudinal study in a Canadian military sample

BackgroundCoping strategies used in response to stress have the potential to influence the development of mental health disorders, including alcohol use disorders. The current study investigated whether coping strategies placed an individual at greater likelihood for developing a future alcohol use disorder. MethodsThis study used data from the Canadian Armed Forces Members and Veterans Mental Health Follow-up Survey; a nationally representative 16-year follow-up survey, with initial data collected in the 2002 Canadian Community Health Survey – Canadian Forces Supplement. The total sample from the two datasets included 2941 individuals who were Regular Force members in 2002. Coping styles included problem-focused, avoidant, and self-medication. Adjusted logistic regression analyses examined relationships between coping style (in 2002) and alcohol use disorders (developed between 2002 and 2018). ResultsSelf-medication coping in 2002 was associated with any alcohol disorder since last interview (i.e., 2002–2018) (AOR 1.26; 95 % CI, 1.02–1.57) and during the past year (adjusted odds ratios [AOR 1.26; 95 % CI, 1.08–1.47]), as well as past-year binge drinking (AOR 1.19; 95 % CI, 1.09–1.29). Problem-focused coping was protective against past-year alcohol abuse (AOR 0.84; 95 % CI, 0.71–1.00) and any alcohol use disorder (AOR 0.87; 95 % CI 0.76–1.00). ConclusionCoping styles were strongly associated with future alcohol use disorders. Notably, results show the risk extended over a 16-year period. Findings suggest the use of self-medicating coping strategies places an individual at increased risk of developing alcohol use disorders, while problem-focused coping may decrease future risk of alcohol use disorders.

Age of Onset and DSM-5 Alcohol Use Disorder in Late Adolescence – A Cohort Study From Sweden

PurposeTo examine if the prevalence of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition alcohol use disorder (AUD) differs between two groups with different age of onset of alcohol use and if endorsement of different AUD criteria differs between the two groups. MethodsA two-wave longitudinal prospective cohort survey conducted in Sweden (2017–2019) with a nationwide sample of 3,999 adolescents aged 15/16 years at baseline (T1), and 17/18 years at follow-up (T2); 2,778 current drinkers at T2 were analysed. Participants were categorized into early onset of drinking (drinking already at T1 54.3%) or late onset (not drinking at T1 but at T2, 45.8%). AUD was measured with questions corresponding to the 11 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition criteria for AUD. Potential confounding factors measured at T1 were sex, sensation-seeking, impulsivity, emotional symptoms, peer problems, conduct problems, and hyperactivity. ResultsThe early onset group had a higher prevalence of AUD at T2 compared to the late onset group (36.3% vs. 23.1%, p < .001). The higher risk of AUD remained significant in a linear probability model with control for additional confounding factors (β = 0.080, p < .001). All individual criteria were reported more in the early onset group, and there was no evidence of differential item functioning. DiscussionThe age of onset of alcohol use was a significant predictor of AUD in late adolescence among Swedish adolescents. Those with an earlier onset of alcohol use had a higher prevalence of AUD and of all individual criteria. The items in the scale were similarly predictive of AUD in both groups.

W131 - Polygenic Risk for Alcohol, Cannabis, and Opioid Use Disorder as Predictors of Age of Initiation in a Community Sample

W131 - Polygenic Risk for Alcohol, Cannabis, and Opioid Use Disorder as Predictors of Age of Initiation in a Community Sample

Risk of substance use disorder after bariatric surgery: A systematic review of the literature

ObjectiveIn relation with the growing literature suggesting an increased risk of alcohol or other substance use disorder after bariatric surgery, we aimed to review the risk of any substance use disorder in patients undergoing bariatric surgery. MethodsA systematic review of the relevant literature was conducted from November 2019 to December 2021, using PubMed, Cochrane and Web of science. ResultsIn total, 44 articles were included in the review. Most of the studies find out an increased risk of alcohol and drugs use disorders two years after surgery, with a large proportion of new onset. Young age, males, history of psychiatric disorder and bypass surgery were potential risk factors. An increased risk of substance use disorder regarding to analgesics or psychotropic drugs was retrieved in 5 out of 8 studies. Results for tobacco use were conflicting. ConclusionWe showed that an increased risk of substance use disorder seems to appear 2 years after bariatric surgery, concerning not only preoperative users, but also new users.

Association of loneliness with mental disorders in Korean adults: national mental health survey of Korea 2021.

Loneliness is a risk factor for mental and physical disorders. Rapid individualization, with increasing associated social burden, is a contributing factor to loneliness among Koreans. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between loneliness and mental disorders, as well as to determine whether long-term loneliness is a factor predicting the occurrence of mental disorders in adults. The National Mental Health Survey of Korea 2021, a nationally representative survey on mental disorders, was conducted. Responses from 5511 participants were collected using the Korean version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders fourth edition, Structured Clinical Interview for Internet Gaming Disorder, and the World Health Organization Adult Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) self-report scale. Loneliness and its duration were investigated among these participants. Loneliness was reported by approximately 2.9% of the general population. Loneliness was associated with an increased adulthood prevalence of alcohol use disorders, nicotine use disorders, depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, adult ADHD, and internet gaming disorders. Long-term loneliness was significantly associated with an elevated risk of alcohol use disorders, nicotine use disorders, depressive disorders, and anxiety disorders. Internet gaming disorder was associated with loneliness lasting > 1 year. Various adult psychiatric disorders were associated with loneliness. The significant dose-effect relationship indicated the importance of early detection of and intervention for loneliness to reduce its negative consequences on mental health.

The impact of family-genetic risk scores on social functioning in individuals affected with six major psychiatric and substance use disorders in a Swedish National Sample.

To examine whether the level of genetic risk in psychiatric disorders impacts the social functioning of affected individuals, we examine the relationship between genetic risk factors for major depression (MD), anxiety disorders (AD), bipolar disorder (BD), non-affective psychosis (NAP), alcohol use disorder (AUD), and drug use disorder (DUD) in disordered individuals and five adverse social outcomes: unemployment, residence in areas of social deprivation, social welfare, early retirement, and divorce. We examine all cases with registration for these disorders from 1995 to 2015 in individuals born in Sweden. Genetic risk was assessed by the family genetic risk score (FGRS) and statistical estimates by Cox proportional hazard models. High genetic risk was significantly and modestly associated with poorer social outcomes in 23 of 30 analyses. Overall, genetic risk for MD, AD, AUD, and DUD impacted social functioning more strongly in affected individuals than did genetic risk for BD and NAP. Social welfare had the strongest associations with genetic risk, and residence in areas of high deprivation had the weakest. In individuals suffering from psychiatric and substance use disorders, high levels of genetic risk impact not only clinical features but also diverse measures of social functioning.

Genetic risk for trait aggression and alcohol use predict unique facets of alcohol-related aggression.

A propensity for aggression or alcohol use may be associated with alcohol-related aggression. Previous research has shown genetic overlap between alcohol use and aggression but has not looked at how alcohol-related aggression may be uniquely influenced by genetic risk for aggression or alcohol use. The present study examined the associations of genetic risk for trait aggression, alcohol use, and alcohol use disorder (AUD) with alcohol-related aggression using a polygenic risk score (PRS) approach. Using genome-wide association study summary statistics, PRSs were created for trait aggression, alcohol consumption, and AUD. These PRSs were used to predict the phenotype of alcohol-related aggression among drinkers in two independent samples: the University of California at San Francisco (UCSF) Family Alcoholism Study (n = 1,162) and the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health; n = 4,291). There were significant associations between the AUD PRS and lifetime alcohol-related aggression in the UCSF study sample. Additionally, the trait aggression PRS was associated with three or more experiences of hitting anyone else and getting into physical fights while under the influence of alcohol, along with a composite score of three or more experiences of alcohol-related aggression, in the UCSF study sample. No significant associations were observed in the Add Health sample. Limited sex-specific genetic effects were observed. These results provide preliminary evidence that genetic influences underlying alcohol use and aggression are uniquely associated with alcohol-related aggression and suggest that these associations may differ by type and frequency of alcohol-related aggression incidents. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Investigating the association between discrimination, internalizing symptoms, and alcohol use among Latino/a immigrants in the United States.

Internalizing symptoms associated with anxiety and depression have been correlated with harmful alcohol use among Latino/as, but little attention has been paid to assessing the association between perceived discrimination and harmful alcohol use. The present study was designed to investigate the association between perceived discrimination, internalizing symptoms associated with anxiety and depression, and harmful alcohol use among Latino/a immigrants living in the United States (US). Our sample included 426 Latino/a immigrants. Their mean age was 40.05 years (SD = 6.50), 65.50% were women, 80.00% had a partner, 54.20% lived on less than $2,000 a month, and 41.50% reported having attained a college degree. Perceived discrimination was assessed using the Perceived Discrimination Scale, anxious symptoms were assessed using the GAD-7, depressive symptoms were assessed using the CES-D short form, and harmful alcohol use was assessed using AUDIT. We estimated a linear regression model using cross-sectional, self-reported data. The model was statistically significant, R 2 = 0.38, F (8, 425) = 32.09, p < 0.01. Discrimination was significantly associated with AUDIT scores, (β = 0.21, p < 0.01) after accounting for covariates and for symptoms of anxiety and depression. Our results indicate that experiences of discrimination in the US are associated with increased harmful alcohol use even after controlling for other variables. These findings may be useful in designing coping interventions specifically for Latino/a immigrants to reduce the risk of alcohol use disorder. This study also has political and public health implications for acknowledging the detrimental health consequences of experiencing discrimination, providing support to the position that reducing racism and discrimination represent important public health priorities.

The Impact of Metabolic Health and Obesity on Liver Transplant Candidates and Recipients.

Poor metabolic health and obesity have significant impacts on the outcomes of patients suffering from chronic liver disease, particularly those with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Patients with such comorbidities who require liver transplant evaluation for advancing liver disease or liver failure require special consideration due to increased risk of cardiovascular disease, renal dysfunction, sarcopenic obesity, and cancer. Those who have had a history of prior bariatric surgery pose specific anatomical constraints and may also be at increased risk of alcohol use disorder. Pre-operative risk assessment as well as strict control of metabolic risk factors are essential to reduce intra-operative and post-liver transplant complications. As immunosuppressive therapy exacerbates metabolic dysfunction and risk for cancer, post-liver transplant care must focus on balancing the need to prevent rejection and the impact of progressive metabolic dysfunction in this unique, but growing, patient population.

The role of resilience in the relationship between stress and alcohol

Stress plays a well-documented role in alcohol consumption and the risk for developing alcohol use disorder. The concept of resilience - coping with and successfully adapting to stressful life experiences – has received increasing attention in the field of addiction research in recent decades, and there has been an accumulation of evidence for resilience as a protective factor against problematic alcohol consumption, risk for alcohol use disorder, disorder severity, and relapse. The conceptual and methodological approaches used in the generation of this evidence vary considerably across investigations, however. In light of this, we carried out this review in order to provide a more thorough understanding of the meaning and scope of resilience, what factors contribute to resilience, how it is measured, and how it relates to alcohol-associated phenotypes. Implications for treatment through the use of resilience-building interventions are likewise discussed, as well as implications for future research on the role of resilience in the etiology and clinical outcomes of alcohol use disorder.

Mesocorticolimbic system reactivity to alcohol use-related visual cues as a function of alcohol sensitivity phenotype: A pilot fMRI study

Low sensitivity (LS) to alcohol is a risk factor for alcohol use disorder (AUD). Compared to peers with high sensitivity (HS), LS individuals drink more, report more problems, and exhibit potentiated alcohol cue reactivity (ACR). Heightened ACR suggests LS confers AUD risk via incentive sensitization, which is thought to take place in the mesocorticolimbic system. This study examined neural ACR in LS and HS individuals. Young adults (N = 32, Mage=20.3) were recruited based on the Alcohol Sensitivity Questionnaire (HS: n = 16; LS: n = 16; 9 females/group). Participants completed an event-related fMRI ACR task. Group LS had higher ACR in left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex than group HS. In group LS, ACR in left caudomedial orbitofrontal cortex or left putamen was low at low alcohol use levels and high at heavier or more problematic alcohol use levels, whereas the opposite was true in group HS. Alcohol use level also was associated with the level of ACR in left substantia nigra among males in group LS. Taken together, results suggest elevated mesocorticolimbic ACR among LS individuals, especially those using alcohol at hazardous levels. Future studies with larger samples are warranted to determine the neurobiological loci underlying LS-based amplified ACR and AUD risk.

Disaggregating within- and between-person associations to test the aversive transmission of alcohol use in late adolescence through adulthood.

The theory of aversive transmission posits that children of parents who have an alcohol use disorder (AUD) may abstain or limit their own alcohol use because they believe themselves to be at risk of developing problems with alcohol. The present study examined relationships among parental AUD, perceived parental AUD, perceived risk for AUD, addiction avoidance reasons for limiting alcohol use, and alcohol use using a random intercept cross-lagged panel model. Participants (N = 805; 48% female; 28% Latinx) were from a longitudinal study investigating intergenerational transmission of AUD. Parental AUD, perceived parental AUD, perceived risk for AUD, addiction avoidance reasons for limiting alcohol use, and alcohol use (quantity, frequency, and frequency of heavy drinking) were measured every 5 years from late adolescence (Mage = 20) to adulthood (Mage = 32). Random intercept cross-lagged panel models tested whether there were stable between-person relations or time-varying within-person relations among these variables. At the between-person level, perceived parental AUD predicted greater addiction avoidance reasons for limiting alcohol use and greater perceived risk. Those with greater addiction avoidance reasons for limiting alcohol use were less likely to use any alcohol and drank less frequently. Parental AUD was associated with higher levels of alcohol use as well as perceived risk. No consistent cross-lagged paths were found at the within-person level. Study findings were at the between-person level rather than the within-person level. Future work on aversive transmission is needed to better understand this subgroup of children of parents with AUD. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).