Risk Factors For Inguinal Hernia Research Articles

The Prevalence, Awareness, and Associated Risk Factors of Inguinal Hernia Among the Adult Population in Saudi Arabia

The Prevalence, Awareness, and Associated Risk Factors of Inguinal Hernia Among the Adult Population in Saudi Arabia

Assessment of Clinico-Epidemiological Report and Risk Factors of Ingui-Nal Hernia in Surgical Unit of General Hospital Onitsha (March 15th to June 15th)

Assessment of Clinico-Epidemiological Report and Risk Factors of Ingui-Nal Hernia in Surgical Unit of General Hospital Onitsha (March 15th to June 15th)

Sex-based differences in inguinal hernia factors.

Much of our knowledge about inguinal hernias is based on males. Meanwhile, it is established that women have worse outcomes after inguinal hernia repair, with more chronic pain and higher recurrences. Pediatric literature shows inguinal hernias in females are more likely to be bilateral, incarcerated, and carry a stronger genetic predisposition than males. We aimed to evaluate sex-based differences in inguinal hernia factors in adults, to help supplement the paucity of literature in the adult population. An institutional database of patients undergoing repair of primary inguinal hernias was queried with focus on preoperative risk factors and operative characteristics. Multivariate analysis was performed looking for independent variables associated with a greater number of hernia defects found intraoperatively. Among 494 patients, 202 (40.9%) were female. Number of risk factors among females was significantly higher than males (1.53 vs 1.2, p = 0.003). Females had significantly more constipation, GERD, and asthma and lower BMI than males. Family history of hernias was similar between both sexes. As expected, females had significantly less direct hernias (12.9% vs 32.9%, p < 0.001) and more femoral hernias (38.5% vs 12.2%, p < 0.001) than males. Bilaterality was similar. Females undergoing inguinal hernia repair averaged 1.23 prior deliveries. Regression analysis showed age, sex, BMI, and number of deliveries were not correlated with the number of defects. Females undergoing primary inguinal hernia repair had more preoperative risk factors for inguinal hernia than males. In our population, there was no higher incidence of bilaterality or significant genetic predisposition in females as noted by family history of hernias. Age, sex, BMI and number of deliveries did not correlate with the number of hernia defects found. Our study promotes awareness of inguinal hernias in females and presents new data to quantify sex-based differences and predispositions to inguinal hernias.

Efficacy of Laparoscopic Iliopubic Tract Repair Plus Transabdominal Preperitoneal Hernioplasty for Treating Inguinal Hernia After Robot-assisted Radical Prostatectomy.

Robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) is a risk factor for inguinal hernia (IH). Furthermore, in patients who have undergone RARP, the fibrotic scar tissue in the RARP area limits preperitoneal dissection. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of performing laparoscopic iliopubic tract repair (IPTR) in addition to transabdominal preperitoneal hernioplasty (TAPPH) to treat IH after RARP. A total of 80 patients with an IH after RARP were treated with TAPPH from January 2013 to October 2020 and were included in this retrospective study. Patients who underwent conventional TAPPH were categorized as the TAPPH group (25 patients with 29 hernias), whereas those who underwent TAPPH with IPTR were categorized as the TAPPH + IPTR group (55 patients with 63 hernias). The IPTR comprised suture fixation of the transversus abdominis aponeurotic arch to the iliopubic tract. All patients had indirect IH. The incidence of intraoperative complications was significantly higher in the TAPPH group than in the TAPPH + IPTR group [13.8% (4/29) vs 0.0% (0/63), P = 0.011]. The average operative time was also significantly shorter in the TAPPH + IPTR group than in the TAPPH group ( P < 0.001). There were no differences between the two groups in the duration of hospitalization, recurrence rate, and pain severity. The addition of laparoscopic IPTR to TAPPH for treating IH after RARP is safe and is associated with a minimal risk of intraoperative complications and a short operative time.

Study of Demographics, Clinical Profile and Risk Factors of Inguinal Hernia: A Public Health Problem in Elderly Males.

Inguinal hernia repair is the most commonly performed elective surgery in Indiadraining significant healthcare resources. This observational study was conducted at a tertiary-level institute in northern India to look into the demographics, clinical profile and risk factors of inguinal hernia. This study was conducted as an observational study at the tertiary care centre of northern India, including 110 patients who had come to the surgical outpatient department for inguinal hernia repair. After obtaining informed consent from all the participants, demographic details, history and clinical examination were recorded. This was a prospective, single-centre, non-randomized, observational study. In our study, 43 patients (39%) were >50 years of age. One hundred and sevenpatients (97.27%) were males, and three (2.72%) were females. Male: Female ratio was 32:1.The preponderance of males was due to their involvement in more strenuous exercises and lifting weights and the anatomical differences between them. The main risk factor in the present study was lifting heavy weights 55%, followed by altered bowel habits 36.36% and respiratory disease (chronic obstructive airway disease). Smoking and diabetes were also associated as risk factors for the hernia. In this study, the most common side of hernia was on the right side, 63%, on the left, 33% and bilateral in 4% of patients. The indirect hernia was the most common type. Inguinal hernia is a surgical problem found commonly in the male elderly. Right-sided inguinal hernia is common, with the indirect type being more frequent. Heavy weight lifting and strenuous exercises were commonly found risk factors.

The Prevalence of Inguinal Hernia Among Athletes in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction An inguinal hernia is the most common type of hernia. It might manifest as a groin bulge, lump, or enlarged scrotum. Swelling may be uncomfortable and painful and even cause intestinal obstruction. This study aimed to measure the prevalence of inguinal hernia among athletes in Saudi Arabia. Subject and methods This is a cross-sectional study conducted among Saudi Arabian athletes. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed among athletes using an online survey through different Saudi Olympic Training and Fitness Centers throughout the kingdom. The questionnaire includes sociodemographic characteristics (i.e. age, gender, etc.), risk factors, and complications of inguinal hernia. Results Of the 594 athletes, 55.6% were females and 57.6% were aged between 18 and 24 years. The most common type of sport was running (31%). The most common risk factor for inguinal hernia was previous abdominal surgery (57.5%). The prevalence of inguinal hernia among Saudi athletes was 12.3%. Being older in age and being male were the independent significant predictors associated with increased risk for inguinal hernia, whereas weightlifting was the independent significant factor of decreased risk for inguinal hernia. Conclusion The prevalence of inguinal hernia among athletes was 12.3%. Older male athletes were most likely at a greater risk to suffer from inguinal hernia as compared to the rest of the athletes. Further research is needed to extract more data about the prevalence of inguinal hernia among Saudi Arabian athletes and determine its risk factors.

Risk Factors of Inguinal Hernia in Urban South Africa

Abstract Background: One million inguinal hernia repairs are performed annually in the USA. Although there are reports on the prevalence of inguinal hernias from sub-Sahara Africa, similar reports and guidelines are lacking for the South African population. The aim of this study was to address the epidemiology of inguinal hernias in a South African population. Methods: A retrospective review of all adult patients admitted with inguinal hernias to a public health facility in Johannesburg, was performed using a retrospective review of hospital patient records from August 2019 to May 2020. The patient records were analysed to identify the risk factors associated with inguinal hernias in this population. Results: Of the 125 patients, 91 were male (73%, mean age 50) and 34 were female (27%, mean age 47). Eighty-seven patients self-identified as Black African, 31 as White, four as Indian and three as mixed race. The right side predominated. Twenty patients had bilateral hernias. The mean BMI of males was 25, and 29 for females (p=0.002). Seventy-five patients were never-smokers, seven patients suffered from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and six had a family history of hernia. Fifteen patients indicated lifting heavy weights. Conclusion: Based on the study population, women had a nine-fold higher risk for developing an inguinal hernia, compared with women in Western countries. Further studies of inguinal hernia in women on the African continent are strongly advised.

P-019 BIOELECTRIC IMPEDANCE ANALYSIS TO DETERMINE THE RISK FACTORS FOR INGUINAL HERNIA

Abstract Aim To search the risk factors for inguinal hernia development by performing bioelectrical impedance analysis. Material &amp; Methods Prospective, multicenter, cross-sectional study. Patients with inguinal hernias constitues the study group (IH), and patients who admitted with other surgical problems in the control group (SC). Age, gender, and BMI of the patients were recorded. Body composition measurements were done by bioelectrical impedance analysis. The relations between the obtained parameters and inguinal hernia were evaluated. Results 9 female and 125 male patients with a mean age of 53.4± 15.4 in IH, whereas 44 women and 24 men with a mean age of 44.5±15.9 in (SC). There were statistically significant differences between two groups regarding BMI, total body fat, lean abdominal muscle mass, abdominal fat amount, and visceral fat rates. Male gender, low total body fat rate, low total body fat amount, low lean body mass rate, and low visceral fat rate were determined as risk factors for inguinal hernia in univariate analysis. Only low total body fat rate was found to be an independent risk factor. Conclusions Low total body fat rate is an independent risk factor for inguinal hernia development.

Assessment of risk factors of inguinal hernia

Background: Inguinal hernia repair is a commonly performed general surgery procedure in both adults and children with inguinal hernias constituting more than 95% of all groin hernia repairs. The present study was conducted to assess risk factors of inguinal hernia. Materials &amp; Methods: 94 cases of inguinal hernia of both genders were enrolled. Parameters such as the type of hernia, primary or recurrent was noted. Period of swelling, side and risk factors were recorded. Results: Out of 94 patients, males were 60 and females were 34. Side was right in 28, left in 30 and bilateral in 36. Type of hernia was primary in 54 and recurrent in 40. Period of swelling was &lt;1 year in 32, 1-2 years in 40 and &gt;2 years in 22. The difference was significant (P&lt; 0.05). Common risk factors for inguinal hernia were COPD in 24, lifting heavy objectsin 88, alcoholism in 26, smoking in 34, diabetes in 30, family history in 11, bowel disturbances in 72 and age &gt;60 yearsin 26. The difference was significant (P&lt; 0.05). Conclusion: Common risk factors for inguinal hernia were COPD, lifting heavy objects, age &gt;60 years, alcoholism, smoking, diabetes, family history and bowel disturbances.

Long-term results after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy of a simplified inguinal hernia prevention technique without artificial substance use.

Durable techniques that prevent postoperative inguinal hernia (IH) after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) have not been established. This study evaluated the long-term efficacy of a postoperative IH prevention technique that uses no artificial agents to assess the characteristics of IH occurrence after introducing this technique. We retrospectively analyzed 201 consecutive patients who underwent RARP at our institution between September 2011 and February 2014. In total, 189 cases were eligible for the study. The non-IH prevention and IH prevention groups comprised 72 and 117 cases, respectively. We compared the incidence of IH between the two groups using Kaplan-Meier curves. Risk factors for IH in the prevention group were determined via multivariable logistic regression analysis. The rate of IH occurrence was 20.8% (15 cases) in the nonprevention group and 8.5% (10 cases) in the prevention group, with median follow-up periods of 99.5 and 89.9 months, respectively. The Kaplan-Meier curves indicated a significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.011). Only cutting of the vas deferens significantly contributed to reduced occurrence of IH in multivariable analysis (p = 0.047). After reviewing the intraoperative videos, insufficient separation of the vas deferens was considered the main cause of IH in the prevention group. Our simple prevention technique with no artificial agents had a durable effect on IH prevention after RARP over a median follow-up period of more than 7 years. Cutting the vas deferens effectively prevented IH after RARP.

Prevalence of inguinoscrotal pathologies and risk factors in a cohort of 388 children with spina bifida.

There is limited information about the prevalence and risk factors of inguinal hernia and undescended testis in patients with spina bifida (SB). The aim of this study was to identify the properties and prevalence of inguinoscrotal diseases in these patients. A questionnaire was completed by parents of patients with the diagnosis of SB in our center. Together with demographic data, presence an of inguinal hernia, side, operation history, presence of ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt, type of SB aperta or occulta, recurrence and presence of undescended testis were questioned. Patients were grouped into 2 as SB aperta and occulta. The prevalence of these pathologies and their clinical properties were evaluated. In this study, 388 patients were evaluated. Of these, 238 patients had SB aperta and 150, SB occulta. There was no significance in comparison of gender. The prevalence of inguinal hernia was 12.6% in general. A hernia was noted in 37 SB aperta patients (15.6%) whereas this was seen in 12 of the SB occulta patients (8%) (p=0.029). When there was a VP shunt, hernia prevalence was 21.5% and when there was no shunt, this ratio was 7.1% (p=0.0001). Prevalence of inguinal hernia was 21.8% in males and 3.2% in females (p=0.0001). When there was a VP shunt with SB aperta the prevalence was 21.9% and when a VP shunt was present with SB occulta, this number was found to be 13.3% (p=0.006). The prevalence of undescended testis was 17.7% and there was no difference between SB aperta and occulta patients. Inguinal hernia and undescended testis are more frequent in SB patients when compared to the normal population. VP shunts and male gender may be risk factors for inguinal hernia in these children. These findings may imply neurological factors in the etiology of inguinal hernia and undescended testis.

EVALUATION OF THE CLINICAL, EPIDEMIOLOGICAL PROFILE AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS OF INGUINAL HERNIA

Abdominal wall hernias are frequently encountered in surgical practice accounting for 15% - 18% of all surgical procedures. Worldwide, more than 20 million hernias are operated per year. Lifetime risk of developing inguinal hernia is 15% - 27% in men and 3% in women. Itscommonly performed general surgical procedure that constitute more than 95% of all groin hernia repairs. However, in developing countries, quite a considerable percentage of it is not repaired or delayed repaired and that lead to a higher incidence of morbidity and mortality. Objective: To evaluate the clinical, epidemiological profile and associated risk factors for inguinal hernia. Methodology: This observational study was conducted among 100 patients during March 2019 to March 2020 who admitted in the surgery department of a General Surgeryfor inguinal hernia surgery. All the study subjects were examined and their clinical and epidemiological profiles studied, tabulated and analyzed. Results: Among the 100 patients, most of them (94%) were men with an age of 57.02 ± 12.87, farmer (36%) by occupation.61% patients were in low sacio-ecenomic status. Most of the patients (60%) were in the age group of 40-60 years followed by less than 30 years (21%). on query regarding symptoms of inguinal hernia, all of them (100%) complaints of groin swelling. more than half of the patients complaints of groin pain and sensation of heaviness in groin. On clinical examination, right sided, left sided, bilateral hernias were found in 49%, 45% and 6% study patients respectively. Direct hernias, indirect, pantaloons hernias were seen in57%, 30%, 7% study patient respectly. Most of hernias (81%) were reducible and were incomplete (88%). Most of the patients (75%) presented late to the health care center due to the lack of awareness of the disease and were initially treated by homeopath medicine. During query about risk factors for inguinal hernia, 46% patients were more than 50 years of age and 26% patients were smoker. Total open procedure was 93% and laparoscopic hernia repairs were done only in 7% patients. Conclusion: In this study, we found that male are more affected than male. Right sided and direct hernia is more common. Most of the patients from low socio-ecenomic condition and main risk factors are old age, smoking, lifting heavy objects prostatism and constipation. Most common hernia repair procedure were Lichtensteinsprocedure.

Recurrent Inguinal Hernia Post Laparoscopic Repair: A Retrospective Single-Center Study in Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia.

IntroductionInguinal hernia is the most common hernia among the abdominal wall hernias. This study aims to estimate the long-term recurrence rate and laparoscopy-related risk factors for inguinal hernia at King Fahad Specialist Hospital in Buraidah, Al Qassim region, Saudi Arabia.MethodsA single-center retrospective study of all laparoscopic hernia repair patients admitted in the surgical department of King Fahad Specialist Hospital in Buraidah, Al Qassim region, Saudi Arabia from January 2016 to July 2020.ResultsA total of 64 patients were included in the present study. All patients were male with a mean age 42.27±15.79 years. Out of 64 patients, 71.9% were married and 11 (17.2%) were smokers. Most patients were found to be in the elective priority (89.1%) and the emergency cases were 10.1%. A total of 6.3% had a recurrent hernia and 93.7% had a primary hernia. After testing the association of hernia repair and the patient-related factors, it was observed that there is no significant association between recurrent hernia repair and the mean age (p=0.072), body mass index (BMI) (p=0.962), smoking (p=0.347), married patients (p=0.196), and diabetes (p=0.446).ConclusionA total of 6.3 % of patients developed a recurrent inguinal hernia after laparoscopic repair. In contrast to the literature, this study showed that patient-related risk factors were not statically significant among our patients. However, the reasons behind the recurrence rate tend to be multifactorial, including surgical, technical, hospital capability, and patients factors. Therefore, early recognization and management of these risk factors are essential to prevent further cases.

Clinical presentation of inguinal hernia among adults in Uyo, Nigeria.

Inguinal hernia is a common pathology seen by the general surgeon in the outpatient clinic. Its spectrum of clinical features on presentation significantly varies from the asymptomatic to the complicated. To identify and audit the common clinical presentation and presence of known risk factors for inguinal hernia among adult patients with inguinal hernias presenting to an outpatient clinic. The study involved adults presenting over 1 year at a surgical clinic with a clinical diagnosis of inguinal hernia. Data on age, sex, family history, abdominal pain, constipation, chronic cough, previous hernia surgery as well as features of bladder outlet obstruction and intra-abdominal mass were recorded into a format. Analysis into a simple percentage, mean, and standard deviation was done with SPSS version 17 (SPSS Inc. Chicago, IL, USA). Sixty-five patients were enrolled in the study, comprising 49 males (75.4%) and 16 females (24.6%), M:F = 3:1. The mean age was 45.6 years (SD ± 16.9). The 16-40-year age group had the highest incidence of 29 cases (44.6%) of inguinal hernia. A family history of inguinal hernia (31 cases [47.7%]) and history of previous inguinal hernia surgery (15 cases [23.1%])) was observed. Ten patients with previous surgery presented with a contralateral hernia and 5 with a recurrence. Other factors were chronic constipation 10 cases, smoking 9 cases, chronic cough 8 cases, dysuria 7 cases, enlarged prostate 6 cases, abdominal mass 4 cases, and urethral stricture 1 case. Inguinal hernia is common among young and middle-aged adults in our series. Many patients have features suggestive of complications at presentation. Family history and past inguinal hernia surgery were important risk factors.

Timing of inguinal hernia following complete primary repair of bladder exstrophy

Bladder exstrophy patients have a high prevalence of inguinal hernia that often become clinically evident following bladder closure. Understanding when the bladder exstrophy patient is under greatest risk of developing an inguinal hernia following bladder closure is important, since incarceration resulting in strangulation of intra-abdominal contents can lead to significant morbidity if not addressed in a timely fashion. Although the incidence and risk factors of inguinal hernia have been reported, the timing of occurrence is not well understood. The primary objective of this study was to assess the timing of inguinal hernia following complete primary repair of bladder exstrophy (CPRE). In addition, we aimed to evaluate possible risk factors associated with inguinal hernia, including sex, age at bladder closure and iliac osteotomy status. A multi-institutional retrospective review identified patients with bladder exstrophy repaired by CPRE under 6 months of age while excluding those who underwent inguinal hernia repair before or during bladder closure. Timing of inguinal hernia following bladder closure was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier methods. Cox proportional hazards model was used to investigate association of sex, age at bladder closure, and osteotomy on the risk of developing of inguinal hernia while clustering for institution. 91 subjects were included in our analysis with median follow-up time of 6.5 years. 34 of 53 males (64.2%) and 2 of 38 females (5.3%) underwent inguinal hernia repair. The median time to inguinal hernia was 4.7 months following closure. The greatest hazard of inguinal hernia was within the first six months following closure. In multivariate analysis, male sex was strongly associated with inguinal hernia (HR=19.00, p=0.0038). Osteotomy and delay in closure were not significantly associated with inguinal hernia. 7 of 36 patients (19.4%) who underwent inguinal hernia repair presented with recurrence on the ipsilateral side. Our results suggest that the greatest risk of inguinal hernia is within the first six months following bladder closure. The decreased risk of inguinal hernia after one year of follow-up may reflect anatomic stability that is reached following major reconstruction of the pelvis. While male bladder exstrophy patients are significantly more susceptible to inguinal hernias following CPRE, osteotomy and delayed bladder closure do not appear to be protective factors for inguinal hernia development following initial bladder closure. There is a heightened risk of inguinal hernia in the first six months following closure. The rate of recurrence following inguinal hernia repair is significantly elevated compared to the general pediatric population.

Incidence and risk factors of inguinal hernia occurred after radical prostatectomy-comparisons of different approaches

BackgroundTo observe cumulative morbidity of postoperative inguinal hernia (PIH) and identify risk factors associated with its development in patients who underwent retropubic radical prostatectomy (RRP), laparoscopic prostatectomy (LRP) or robotic assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP) operation.MethodsFrom June 2009 to September 2016, 756 patients diagnosed with localized prostate cancer who had undergone RRP, LRP or RALP in our center were included in this study. Patients with PIH were retrospectively investigated in such factors as age, BMI, previous abdominal operations, diabetes mellitus history, hypertension history, prostate volume, previous hernia, operative methods, operative approach, preoperative Gleason, clinical T-stage, PLND situation, operative time, and estimated blood loss. Univariate and multivariate cox hazard regressions analysis were utilized to identify risk factors predisposing to PIH.ResultsA total of 53 of 751(7.1%) patients developed PIH at a median follow-up period of 43 months. PIH rate in RRP was significantly higher compared to LRP and RALP group (RRP: 15.3%, LRP: 6.7%, RALP:1.9%, P = 0.038). Right side (69.8%) and indirect (88.8%) PIH were dominant type in hernia group. Univariate and multivariate cox hazard regressions analysis indicated that age and RRP approach were identified to be implicated to PIH [adjusted hazard ratio7.39(1.18–46.39), 2.93(95% CI 1.47–5.84)].ConclusionsRRP technique and older age, especially patients over 80 years, are associated with higher incidence for PIH development. Appropriate prophylaxis during the operation should be evaluated for those in high-risk.

Evaluation of clinico-epidemiological profile and associated risk factors of inguinal hernia. A Prospective observational study

Background: Inguinal hernia repair is a commonly performed general surgical procedure that constitute more than 95% of all groin hernia repairs. However, in developing countries, quite a considerable percentage of it is not repaired or delayed repaired and that lead to a higher incidence of morbidity and mortality. so, we planned to conduct this study to understand the clinic-epidemiologic profile of inguinal hernia in a tertiary care hospital of Bangladesh. Objective: To evaluate the clinical, epidemiological profile and associated risk factors for inguinal hernia. Methodology: This observational study was conducted among 100 patients during January 2018 to January 2019 who admitted in the surgery department of a tertiary care center for inguinal hernia surgery . All the study subjects were examined and their clinical and epidemiological profiles studied, tabulated and analyzed. Result: Among the 100 patients, most of them (94%) were men with a age of 57.02 ± 12.87, farmer (36%) by occupation.61% patients were in low saocio-ecenomic status. Most of the patients (60%) were in the age group of 40-60 years followed by less than 30 years (21%). On query regarding symptoms of inguinal hernia, all of them (100%) complaints of groin swelling. More than half of the patients complaints of groin pain and sensation of heaviness in groin. On clinical examination, right sided, left sided, bilateral hernias were found in 49%,45% and 6% study patients respectively. Direct hernias, indirect, pantaloons hernias were seen in57%,30%,7% study patient respectly. Most of hernias (81%) were reducible and were incomplete (88%). Most of the patients (75%) presented late to the health care center due to the lack of awareness of the disease and were initially treated by homeopath medicine. During query about risk factors for inguinal hernia,46% patients were more than 50 years of age and 26% patients were smoker. In this study, most common hernia repair procedure was Lichtenstein’s procedure (63%) followed by modified Bassini’s procedure (11%). Total open procedure were 93% and laparoscopic hernia repairs were done only in 7% patients.

A study to assess the prevalence and risk factors of inguinal hernia

Background: Hernia is a protrusion of any viscous from its proper cavity. Inguinal hernias being more frequent. The present study was conducted to assess the prevalence and risk factors of inguinal hernia. The present study was conducted to assess the prevalence and risk factors of inguinal hernia.Material and methods: The present study was carried out among 320 adults who had come to the surgery outpatient department for inguinal hernia repair or recurrence over the period of 2 years. The demographic details were taken by means of a questionnaire. A thorough clinical examination was performed by the surgeon. Details of the hernia were also noted. Scarring at the site was taken as recurrence of hernia. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 21.0 statistical software (SPSS, Chicago, IL).Results: In the present study total patients were 320. Maximum patients 36.56% were of age group 31-40yrs and minimum (4.68%) were of age group 20-30yrs. Primary hernia was 76.56% and recurrent hernia was 23.43%. Period of swelling was less than one year for majority (56.25%) of the patients, while the least of them had swelling for more than 2 years (10.93%). The most common side where the hernia was observed was on the right side (46.87%), followed by the left side (31.25%). 21.87% patients had inguinal hernia on both the sides (bilateral). The most common cause for the presence of hernia was lifting heavy objects (44.37%).Conclusion: This study concluded that maximum patients were of age group 31-40yrs and minimum were of age group 20-30yrs. Primary hernia was more. Period of swelling was less than one year for majority of the patients. The most common side where the hernia was observed was on the right side. The most common cause for the presence of hernia was lifting heavy objects.

Lower urinary tract symptoms-Benign prostatic hyperplasia may increase the risk of subsequent inguinal hernia in a Taiwanese population: A nationwide population-Based cohort study.

It has been suggested that lower urinary tract symptoms-benign prostatic hyperplasia (LUTS-BPH) may be a risk factor for inguinal hernia (IH). The aim of this study was to examine the emergence of a subsequent IH diagnosis in men with and without LUTS-BPH. From a database derived from the National Health Insurance Program covering 99% of the population in Taiwan, 22,310 men with LUTS-BPH and 22,310 matched men without LUTS-BPH were identified and followed for IH from 1997 to 2013. Both IH and LUTS-BPH were defined by the ninth revision of the International Classification of Diseases code (ICD9). Subjects younger than 20 years of age and with IH diagnosed before the index date were excluded. We used Cox proportional hazards regression models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for subsequent IH, controlling for potential confounders. Men with and without LUTS-BPH had similar age and comorbidity distributions. During the 10 years of follow-up, 1,303 (5.84%) men with LUTS-BPH and 735 (2.53%) men without LUTS-BPH developed IH. The mean time to IH was 4.02 years and 4.44 years, respectively. After adjusting for age and comorbidities, LUTS-BPH was associated with a two-fold increased risk of IH (HR:2.25, 95% CI = 2.04-2.49). This nation-wide population-based cohort study showed that LUTS-BPH increased the risk of subsequent IH in a Taiwanese Population.

Nutritional status and constipation scoring of inguinal hernia patients: a case-control study.

There are many risk factors for inguinal hernia that have been determined in the literature, but the relationship between nutritional status and inguinal hernia has not yet been examined. In this study, we evaluated the constipation scale and food consumption of patients with inguinal hernia. This prospective case-control study was performed between March 2018 and March 2019. The patients who were admitted for inguinal hernia operation were the case group, and those patients who had been admitted to the same hospital without inguinal hernia were the control group. The age, body mass index, alcohol and smoking habits, daily activity, and the Wexner constipation scoring were examined using a questionnaire and 3-day food consumption records were noted. A total of 203 volunteers were included in the study. Of these, 88 patients were in the control group, and 115 patients were in the case group. The age and gender distribution of the groups was similar. Cigarette and alcohol usages are statistically high in the case group. The Wexner constipation scale of the groups was statistically high in the case group. In the univariate analysis, smoking, alcohol consumption, total constipation score, red meat consumption, chicken consumption, bread consumption, low fiber consumption, low egg consumption, low carbohydrate, and low energy intake were effective in hernia formation, and in the multivariate analysis, total constipation score, red meat consumption, chicken consumption, excess bread consumption, low energy intake, and low fiber consumption were significant as independent variables. Our study is the first to evaluate whether there is a relationship between inguinal hernia and nutrition, according to the literature. Lifestyle modifications and a healthy diet with the consumption of less meat and more vegetables may have an impact on the reduction of hernia occurrence.