Risk Factor For Temporomandibular Disorders Research Articles

Reviewing the potential of hearables for the assessment of bruxism

Abstract Bruxism is a parafunctional oral behavior that affects a large percentage of the population. Bruxism is a risk factor for temporomandibular disorders. A gold standard is still lacking for assessing bruxism while awake, whereas for sleep bruxism, polysomnography with audio and video recording is the gold standard. Wearable devices, particularly those that detect sound (hearables), are cost-effective and convenient and could fill the gap. With this systematic literature review of Livivo and PubMed, extended by individual Google Scholar searches, we aimed to assess the potential of wearable devices that use sound as a biomarker for detecting bruxism. In summary, sounds originating from oral behaviors can be recorded from the ear, and hearables have the potential to detect bruxism-like events.

Analysis of risk factors and interactions for pain in temporomandibular disorder: A cross-sectional study.

Risk factors for temporomandibular disorder (TMD) pain remain unclear. This study aimed to identify risk factors for TMD pain using a biopsychosocial model and to investigate interactions between potential risk factors-oral behaviours (OBs), psychological factors and sleep quality-and their direct and indirect effects on TMD pain. This was a cross-sectional study of 488 patients with TMDs (422 women; 30.8 ± 9.4 years). Pain was assessed using the Numerical Rating Scale. Demographic, behavioural, psychological and biomedical data were collected through clinical examination, face-to-face interviews and questionnaires. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with TMD pain. Mediation and moderation analysis were used to evaluate interactions between variables. Significant mediation ('0' not included in the 95% confidence interval (CI)) and moderation (p < .05) effects on TMD pain were identified. Marital status, diagnosis subgroup, previous medication use, depression and sleep quality were significant risk factors for TMD pain (p < .05). Significant mediation effects were observed as follows: depression and sleep quality mediated the association between OBs and pain; sleep quality mediated the association between somatization, depression, anxiety and pain; and depression mediated the association between sleep quality and pain (all 95% CI did not contain '0'). (1) Marital status, diagnosis subgroup, previous medication use, depression and sleep quality were associated with TMD pain. (2) OBs can exacerbate pain by promoting depression and reducing sleep quality. Psychological factors and sleep quality can interact to exacerbate pain.

Neurodevelopmental disorders as a risk factor for temporomandibular disorder: evidence from Mendelian randomization studies.

Objective: This study aims to clarify the incidence rate of temporomandibular joint disease in patients with mental disorders. Methods: Data extracted from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium and FinnGen databases employed the Mendelian Randomization (MR) method to assess the associations of three neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs)-Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), and Tourette's Disorder (TD)-as exposure factors with Temporomandibular Disorder (TMD). The analysis used a two-sample MR design, employing the Inverse Variance Weighted (IVW) method to evaluate the relationships between these disorders and Temporomandibular Disorder. Sensitivity analysis and heterogeneity assessments were conducted. Potential confounding factors like low birth weight, childhood obesity, and body mass index were controlled for. Results: The study found that ADHD significantly increased the risks for TMD (OR = 1.2342, 95%CI (1.1448-1.3307), p < 0.00001), TMD (including avohilmo) (OR = 1.1244, 95%CI (1.0643-1.1880), p = 0.00003), TMD-related pain (OR = 1.1590, 95%CI (1.0964-1.2252), p < 0.00001), and TMD-related muscular pain associated with fibromyalgia (OR = 1.1815, 95%CI (1.1133-1.2538), p < 0.00001), while other disorders did not show significant causal relationships. Conclusion: This study reveals the elevated risk of various TMD aspects due to ADHD. Furthermore, we discuss the link between low vitamin D levels ADHD and TMD. Future research should address these limitations and delve further into the complex interactions between ADHD, ASD, TD, and TMD.

Temporomandibular joint and complications in the dental implant: a systematic review

Introduction: Surgical procedures in the oral cavity and maxillofacial complex are used to remove pathologies and infections, restore function, optimize occlusal relationships, and prosthetically replace teeth and temporomandibular joints. Objective: It was to present, through a systematic review, the main clinical outcomes of the treatment of the temporomandibular joint in the scenario of dental implants and complications. Methods: The systematic review rules of the PRISMA Platform were followed. The search was carried out from February to May 2023 in the Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, and Google Scholar databases, using articles from 2018 to 2023. Results and Conclusion: A total of 107 articles were found, 37 articles were evaluated and 19 were included and developed in this systematic review study. Considering the Cochrane tool for risk of bias, the overall assessment resulted in 25 studies with a high risk of bias and 24 studies that did not meet GRADE. It was concluded that for the entire gear of the temporomandibular joint to work efficiently, occlusion, joint, musculature, ligaments, and psychological factors must be in complete harmony. Clinical studies have shown that factors associated with implant placement, such as the long duration of surgical procedures, may represent risk factors for temporomandibular disorders.

Association of congenitally missing teeth with adult temporomandibular disorders in the urban health checkup population

BackgroundCongenitally missing tooth is the most common dental abnormality which leaves spaces in the arch, leads to numerous forms of malocclusion due to the Bolton index discrepancy and is even associated with abnormal craniofacial morphology. Even though the roles of malocclusion and tooth loss in temporomandibular disorders (TMD) development remain controversial, basic researches have found some common molecules are involved in osteoarthritis and dental agenesis. However, the association of congenitally missing teeth with TMD is unknown. We hence investigated the association of congenitally missing teeth with TMD.MethodsA cross-sectional analysis of 586 control participants (male: 287, female: 299, 38.33 ± 11.65 years) and 583 participants with non-third molar congenitally missing teeth (male: 238, female: 345, 39.13 ± 11.67 years) who consecutively received routine dental and TMD checkup according to Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders Axis I in Health Management Center, Xiangya Hospital was performed. Logistic regression analysis was used to study the association of congenitally missing teeth with TMD.ResultsThe congenitally missing teeth group included 581 hypodontia and 2 oligodontia participants. The congenitally missing anterior teeth participants, the congenitally missing posterior teeth participants and participants with both congenitally missing anterior and posterior teeth accounted for 88.34%, 8.40% and 3.26% of the congenitally missing teeth group respectively. Congenitally missing teeth group had greater ratios of females and orthodontic history. Participants with congenitally missing teeth had a significantly higher prevalence of overall TMD (67.24%) in comparison to control participants (45.90%). After adjusting age, gender, presence of congenitally missing teeth, number of congenitally missing teeth, number of non-congenitally missing teeth, number of dental quadrants with missing teeth, visible third molar and orthodontic history, the variables of age, gender, presence of congenitally missing teeth and number of dental quadrants with missing teeth were significant for overall TMD. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed congenitally missing tooth was significantly related with overall TMD [odds ratio (OR):1.689(1.080–2.642), P = 0.022], intra-articular TMD [OR: 1.711(1.103–2.656), P = 0.017] and pain-related TMD [OR: 3.093(1.321–7.239), P = 0.009].ConclusionCongenitally missing tooth is a risk factor for TMD. When treating the congenitally missing teeth population, TMJ evaluation and multidisciplinary strategies are necessary.

Retracted: Clinical Manifestations, Imaging Features, and Pathogenic/Prognostic Risk Factors for Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD): A Case-Control Study Based on Psychogenic Factors of Patients.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2022/8279357.].

Associations between obstructive sleep apnea and painful temporomandibular disorder: a systematic review.

The relationship between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and diverse types of pain conditions have been proposed. However, no consensus on the relationship between OSA and painful temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) has been established. Therefore, this systematic review has been conducted to review the existing literatures and provide comprehensive synthesis of such literatures about OSA and painful TMDs using the evidence-based methodology. A literature search was conducted using two electronic databases, Scopus, and PubMed. Risk of bias was assessed using the risk-ofbias assessment tool for non-randomized study version 2.0. A total of 158 articles were screened from the initial search and eventually, 5 articles were included in this systematic review. One study adopted both the longitudinal prospective cohort and case-control designs and other 4 articles adopted the cross-sectional design. Two studies employed polysomnography (PSG) for the diagnosis of OSA and mentioned the results from the PSG. All crosssectional studies demonstrated higher OSA prevalence among patients with TMD, and one cohort study suggested OSA as a risk factor for TMD. OSA appears to have potential influences on the development of TMD; however, the role of TMD in the development of OSA remains to be unknown owing to the lack of high-quality evidences.

Associations among temporomandibular disorder, headache, shoulder pain, craniofacial morphology, and premature contacts in female children and adolescents with malocclusion

ABSTRACT Purpose Orthodontic patients frequently exhibit signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) in combination with symptoms around the stomatognathic region (i.e. headache). Although maxillofacial morphology and malocclusion have been widely investigated as risk factors for TMD and headache, their relationship remains unclear and functional factors have not been verified. This study investigated associations among TMD, headache, craniofacial morphology, and premature contacts in female children and adolescents with malocclusion. Materials and methods One hundred twenty female children and adolescents (mean age, 11.4 ± 2.5 years) who sought orthodontic treatment were randomly selected from a cohort of orthodontic patients. The patients were divided into three groups (no condition, at least one condition, ≥ 2 conditions: TMD, headache, and/or shoulder pain). Premature contacts were determined using the functional wax bite method; craniofacial morphology was analysed using lateral cephalometric radiographs. The χ2 test, Tukey test, and ordered logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. Results Patients with TMD and headache had a steep mandibular plane angle (odds ratio = 1.11), but there were no significant differences among groups in other craniofacial morphology parameters. Patients with premature contacts had a higher incidence of combined TMD and headache (odds ratio = 7.72). Premature contacts more strongly contributed to pathogenesis than did mandibular plane angle or age. Conclusion TMD and headache are associated with both craniofacial morphology and premature contacts.

Prevalence of Temporomandibular Disorder-Related Pain among Adults Seeking Dental Care: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Objectives Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are a constellation of painful conditions that affect the craniofacial complex. The etiology and risk factors of these conditions have been extensively studied; however, the data available describing the epidemiology of TMD in the Middle East are scarce. We aimed to estimate the prevalence and risk factors of TMD-related pain in a sample population of dental school clinic patients. Methods This observational cross-sectional study used a translated and culturally adapted temporomandibular disorders pain screener, a part of the Diagnostic Criteria/Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD) criteria instrument, and questions related to demographic characteristics and risk factors for TMD. Data were analyzed through chi-square and Mann–Whitney U tests using SPSS. Results The sample population included 199 participants (66% female and 34% male). The prevalence of TMD-related pain was 26.8% (n = 42); men and women did not differ statistically in their TMD-related pain. TMD-related pain cases differed significantly on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and body pain scores compared with noncases. Conclusion The prevalence of TMD-related pain in the clinical sample population was high. Hence, the onus is on dental health services to screen and educate patients on TMD conditions regularly.

Clinical Manifestations, Imaging Features, and Pathogenic/Prognostic Risk Factors for Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD): A Case-Control Study Based on Psychogenic Factors of Patients.

Objective To survey the clinical manifestations and imaging features of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and analyze the risk factors for pathogenesis/prognosis through a case-control study based on psychogenic factors of patients. Methods According to the inclusion criteria, 200 adult patients were randomly enrolled from the maxillofacial department of our hospital from January 2020 to May 2021, including 100 patients with TMD as the study group and 100 healthy patients as the control group. The study group can be assigned into four subgroups according to their clinical manifestations: (1) articular area or/and masticatory muscle pain group, (2) mandibular movement abnormality group, (3) joint murmur group, and (4) two or more symptom groups. Based on the study of psychogenic factors of patients, the clinical manifestations and imaging features of TMD were determined, and the risk factors for pathogenesis/prognosis were analyzed. Results The distribution of psychological status in the TMD group was higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). The distribution of anxiety, depression, and somatic symptoms in the TMD group was significantly different from that in the control group (P < 0.05). Anxiety, depression, and somatic symptoms were the risk factors for TMD. Compared with the control group, the incidence of abnormal MRI images in patients with temporomandibular disorders was significantly different (P < 0.05). There were significant differences in psychological status (anxiety, depression, and somatic symptoms) among the three groups (P < 0.05). Anxiety, depression, and somatic symptoms were the risk factors for abnormal mandibular movement and joint tremor and murmur (P < 0.05). Somatic symptoms were the risk factors for various clinical symptoms of TMD (P < 0.05). Depression was the risk factor for pain (P < 0.05). Conclusion In patients with TMD, MRI can early identify disc abnormalities and other related imaging features, which is helpful for more comprehensive clinical evaluation and treatment of TMD patients. There exhibits no significant difference in psychological status (anxiety, depression, and somatic symptoms) of patients with different clinical symptoms, and abnormal psychological status may be one of the risk factors leading to different clinical symptoms and development of different types of TMD patients.

Association among headache, temporomandibular disorder, and awake bruxism: A cross-sectional study.

To evaluate the association between headache, myofascial temporomandibular disorder (TMD), and awake bruxism (AB). Bruxism seems to act as a risk factor for TMD and its associated comorbidities, such as headaches. In total, 406medical records of individuals who sought care at a university dental clinic were screened. The Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders was used to assess and diagnose TMD, as well as to obtain self-reports of AB and headache. The sample consisted of 307medical records. About 72.5% (221/305) of the sample reported having headaches, and 67.4% (180/267) and 68.4% (210/307) were diagnosed with AB and TMD, respectively. Individuals who reported having AB (odds ratio [OR], 2.28; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09-4.7) and who were diagnosed with myofascial TMD (OR, 2.53; 95% CI, 1.15-5.5) were more likely to have had headaches in the past 6months when compared with patients without myofascial TMD and bruxism. Also, individuals who self-reported headache were 2.27 times (95% CI, 1.09-4.7) more likely to have AB and 2.45 times (95% CI, 1.13-5.34) more likely to have myofascial pain than individuals without headaches. Individuals with myofascial TMD, headaches, or AB were more likely to have at least one of the other conditions.

Risk factors for temporomandibular disorders in young people

Aim to investigate the prevalence and risk factors for signs and symptoms of temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs) in young people.&#x0D; Material and methods. A clinical examination and questionnaire were randomly administered to 199 students aged 17 to 28 years using a specially designed questionnaire chart. The respondents with identified laterotrusive or mediatrusive occlusal interferences underwent electromyography (4-channel EMG system "Synapsis", Neurotech) of masticatory muscles before and after elimination of occlusal interferences. Psychoemotional state was assessed using the Spielberger Hanin situational and personal anxiety test.&#x0D; Results. The results obtained revealed a high prevalence of signs and symptoms of dysfunctional disorders (87.9%), the leading signs of which were pain or stiffness in the head and neck region (52.7%), sounds (squeaks, clicks, crepitus) in one or both temporomandibular joints when chewing and opening the mouth (39.2%), feeling of pressure, stuffiness or noise in the ears (25.1%), pain when opening the mouth (21.6%). The number of such signs and symptoms was greater in persons with postural disorders and respondents after orthodontic treatment.&#x0D; Electromyographic study of patients with mediotrusive and laterotrusive contacts showed asynchronous contraction of the masticatory muscles during "protrusion / retrusion" and "opening / closing", increased electrical activity of the temporal muscle on the opposite side in the "right / left mediotrusion" test (111.5 27.1 V) compared with the indices of the subjects after the elimination of occlusal interferences (75 19.3 V; p 0.05). Assessment of the psychoemotional state of the examined patients revealed a moderate level of situational (38.9 points) and personal (38.3 points) anxiety.&#x0D; Conclusion. The signs and symptoms of TMDs are a common finding among young people, such as pain, stiffness in the head and neck, sounds in one or both joints when chewing and opening the mouth, a feeling of pressure, stuffiness or noise in the ears. The most significant risk factors for the development of TMDs in this age group are posture disorders, orthodontic treatment and occlusal obstructions, which affect muscle tone and increase the symptoms of TMDs.

Effects of Prosthetic Rehabilitation on Temporomandibular Disorders: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial

BackgroundLoss of teeth or occlusal imbalance is one of the proposed dental risk factors for temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). Losing some non–free-end teeth cause the original occluding tooth/teeth to supraerupt from the original upright position and causes neighboring tooth/teeth to shift in an angle, causing biomechanical imbalance on the mandible. Based on these sequelae, rehabilitation of missing teeth is the first step in managing TMD in edentulous patients. Even though the prevalence of TMD in association with edentulism and in rehabilitated patients has been increasing, proper guidelines for the management of such cases have not been established. This study describes the protocol to analyze the effect of prosthetic rehabilitation on patients with TMD.ObjectiveThis study aims to determine the effectiveness of prosthetic rehabilitation in the reduction of pain in edentulous patients with TMD and to determine the effect of the span of edentulism, the number of quadrants involved, pathological migration, the type of Kennedy classification, and the prosthetic status on temporomandibular joint dysfunction signs and symptoms.MethodsIn this randomized controlled trial, 300 patients diagnosed with TMD will be grouped into one of the three interventional groups based on the type of their edentulous state. The interventional groups are (1) partially edentulous arch: Kennedy Class I and II (prosthetic rehabilitation without splint); (2) partially edentulous arch: Kennedy Class III and IV (prosthetic rehabilitation with a splint); and (3) completely edentulous arches (prosthetic rehabilitation without splint). All three of the mentioned interventional groups have corresponding control groups that will receive symptomatic treatment and comprehensive counseling. The measured primary outcomes are pain and electromyogram, and the secondary outcomes include pain drawing, Graded Chronic Pain Scale, Jaw Functional Limitation Scale, Oral Behaviours Checklist, depression, physical symptoms, and anxiety. The outcome measurements will be recorded at baseline and at the end of 24 hours, 7 days, 28 days, and 3 months.ResultsEthical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board of Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, India. Study participants’ recruitment began in May 2021 and is expected to conclude in March 2023. This clinical trial protocol was developed based on the SPIRIT (Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials) 2013 Statement.ConclusionsThe purpose of this study is to gather data on prosthetic rehabilitation as a treatment for TMD. Obtaining this goal will aid in the development of evidence-based therapy protocols for prosthetic rehabilitation in TMD management.Trial RegistrationClinical Trials Registry - India CTRI/2020/06/026169; http://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/pdf_generate.php?trialid=42381International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)DERR1-10.2196/33104

Risk factor assessments of temporomandibular disorders via machine learning

This study aimed to use artificial intelligence to determine whether biological and psychosocial factors, such as stress, socioeconomic status, and working conditions, were major risk factors for temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). Data were retrieved from the fourth Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (2009), with information concerning 4744 participants’ TMDs, demographic factors, socioeconomic status, working conditions, and health-related determinants. Based on variable importance observed from the random forest, the top 20 determinants of self-reported TMDs were body mass index (BMI), household income (monthly), sleep (daily), obesity (subjective), health (subjective), working conditions (control, hygiene, respect, risks, and workload), occupation, education, region (metropolitan), residence type (apartment), stress, smoking status, marital status, and sex. The top 20 determinants of temporomandibular disorders determined via a doctor’s diagnosis were BMI, age, household income (monthly), sleep (daily), obesity (subjective), working conditions (control, hygiene, risks, and workload), household income (subjective), subjective health, education, smoking status, residence type (apartment), region (metropolitan), sex, marital status, and allergic rhinitis. This study supports the hypothesis, highlighting the importance of obesity, general health, stress, socioeconomic status, and working conditions in the management of TMDs.

Evaluation of signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders and incisal relationships among 7-10-year-old Turkish children with sleep bruxism: A cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT Objective To study the signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) and incisal relationships related to sleep bruxism and parafunctional habits among children. Methods The study consisted of 106 children (53 with and 53 without bruxism) between the ages of 7 and 10. A general questionnaire and Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders Axis I examination form were used for each child. Results There were significant differences between children according to pain, headache, midline deviation, opening pattern, temporomandibular joint noise, overjet, overbite, corrected deviation, and pain disorders (p < 0.05). According to the logistic regression, the higher scores of “mouth breathing” and “horizontal incisal overjet” were independent risk factors for TMDs. The lack of “bruxism” and “sleeping with open mouth” were protective factors for TMDs. Conclusion Children with bruxism showed signs and symptoms of TMDs and divergence in incisal relationships.

Association of Temporomandibular Disorder Symptoms with Physical Fitness among Finnish Conscripts.

Studies on the role of physical fitness, physical activity and obesity as risk factors for temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are scarce. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association of TMD symptoms with physical fitness, physical activity and body mass index (BMI) among Finnish conscripts. The study sample consisted of 8685 Finnish conscripts. Data on self-reported TMD symptoms were used as outcome variables. Physical activity (questionnaire), physical fitness (measured with physical tests: Cooper test, push-ups, sit-ups and standing long jump) and body mass index (BMI) were used as explanatory variables. The associations between TMD symptoms and explanatory variables were evaluated using Chi-squared test and logistic regression analysis. The prevalence of all TMD symptoms was significantly higher among those who exercised more rarely than weekly. Pain-related TMD symptoms were also significantly more frequent among those who were overweight (BMI ≥ 25). Poor push-up results and overweight (BMI ≥ 25) were significantly associated with jaw pain and TMJ pain at jaw rest. The present study showed that good physical fitness may be a protective factor against TMD pain. Dentists should also be prepared to motivate TMD patients to physical activity and regular exercise as part of the treatment.

Relationship Between Work Stress And Temporomandibular Disorders Risk In Productive Age (Study On Dental Clinical Students Of Sriwijaya University)

Introduction: It is known that stress is one of the risk factors for Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD) occurrence. Dental education programs are universally known to be demanding and can cause stress among dental students particularly dental clinical students. The study of the relationship between stress in dental clinical students and TMD risk has not been done yet. This study aimed to assess the relationship between work stress and TMD risk in productive age (study on dental clinical students of UNSRI Palembang). Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed towards 80 dental clinical students of Sriwijaya University (UNSRI) aged 21-28. The subjects were instructed to fill two kinds of questionnaire, the first one was Dental Environment Stress (DES) to examine the level of dental clinical student’ stress, the other was TMD Diagnostic Index (TMD-DI) to assess the TMD risk. Correlation hypothesis test analysis was carried out between the work stress level of dental clinic students and the risk of TMD. Results: Pearson's correlation test showed a significant correlation between stress in dental clinic students and the risk of TMD. The Pearson correlation coefficient (r) was 0,724. Conclusion:There was a significant relationship between stress in dental clinical students and the risk of TMD.

Hubungan Stres dengan Temporomandibular Disorder Pada Narapidana di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Perempuan Kelas II B Padang

Stress is known as a risk factor for temporomandibular disorder. Prisoners who live in Correctional Institutions have a high risk of experiencing stress because of the existing pressure. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between stress and temporomandibular disorder in prisoners at Class IIB Correctional Institutions in Padang. This study was a cross-sectional study. The instrument that use to measured stress on inmates was the Perceived Stress Scale 10 (PSS-10), while to determine the diagnosis of TMD using RDC/TMD Axis I. The result showed that 7 respondents (23,3%) had mild stress, 20 respondents (66,7%) had moderate stress, and 3 respondents (10%) had severe stress. Respondents who experienced TMD were 19 respondents (63,3%). The most common type of TMD diagnosis is the disc displacement with reduction. Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistical test results obtained p=0,164 (p&gt;0,05) which means there is no significant relationship between stress and temporomandibular disorder in prisoners at Class IIB Women’s Penitentiary in Padang. This study concludes that stress is not related to the temporomandibular disorder in prisoners at Class IIB Women’s Penitentiary in Padang.

Hubungan Stres dengan Temporomandibular Disorder Pada Narapidana di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Perempuan Kelas II B Padang

Stress is known as a risk factor for temporomandibular disorder. Prisoners who live in Correctional Institutions have a high risk of experiencing stress because of the existing pressure. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between stress and temporomandibular disorder in prisoners at Class IIB Correctional Institutions in Padang. This study was a cross-sectional study. The instrument that use to measured stress on inmates was the Perceived Stress Scale 10 (PSS-10), while to determine the diagnosis of TMD using RDC/TMD Axis I. The result showed that 7 respondents (23,3%) had mild stress, 20 respondents (66,7%) had moderate stress, and 3 respondents (10%) had severe stress. Respondents who experienced TMD were 19 respondents (63,3%). The most common type of TMD diagnosis is the disc displacement with reduction. Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistical test results obtained p=0,164 (p&gt;0,05) which means there is no significant relationship between stress and temporomandibular disorder in prisoners at Class IIB Women’s Penitentiary in Padang. This study concludes that stress is not related to the temporomandibular disorder in prisoners at Class IIB Women’s Penitentiary in Padang.

Revisiting the Risk Factors for Multiple Symptoms of Temporomandibular Disorders: A structured Cross-sectional Study

Background:The risk factors for Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD) are extensively studied, but the results showed no consistency. Only a small proportion of patients with TMD are likely to seek help and require treatment. Those individuals tend to present with multiple symptoms. This cohort of patients was not well investigated.Objective:The study aimed to examine the association between possible risk factors for presentation with multiple TMD symptoms.Methods:A population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted across 2101 individuals with an age range of 19-60 years. The condition was assessedviaa detailed questionnaire comprising symptoms, habits, dental history, general health, sleep patterns, along with the completion of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scale, followed by an examination of the hypothesized clinical signs. The obtained data were tabulated and characterized the study population in a descriptive analysis in forms of percentages and frequencies. The significance level was set at P-value less than or equal to 0.005. The chi-squared test was implemented to assess the relationship between the multiple TMD symptoms reported and the potential risk factors.Results:Most participants reported a variable amount of stress. Moreover, 1528 (72.7 percent) mentioned abnormalities in sleep. About 80 percent had at least one TMD-related symptom. The multiple symptoms of TMD were identified among the 741 individuals. The following risk factors demonstrated association with a robust statistical significance (P=0.00), 1) occupation, 2) sleeping problems, 3) health concerns, 4) traumatic dental treatment, 5) various somatic symptoms, and 6) elevated HAD scale. When the outcomes of the clinical examination were analyzed, the statistical assessment could link soft tissue changes, namely; the cheek ridging and tongue indentations (P 0.00), with multiple symptoms of the condition.Conclusion:Multiple TMD symptoms were prevalent among individuals with elevated stress, abnormal sleep pattern, traumatic dental treatment, elevated HAD scale. The results highlighted the importance of psychological factors in the pathogenesis of TMD.