Risk Factors For Suicidal Behavior Research Articles

An Exploration of the Co-Occurrence of Hallucinations and Suicidal Mental Imagery Among Psychiatrically Hospitalised Adolescents at High Risk for Suicide.

Adolescents with psychosis-spectrum symptoms are at particularly high risk for suicide, however, little is known about how suicidal cognitions manifest in this population. Suicidal cognitions can occur as verbal thoughts and/or mental images of suicide, and mental images may be indicative of a higher risk for suicidal behaviours. Suicidal mental imagery could be a salient and important suicide-related risk factor for adolescents with hallucinations in particular, however, the co-occurrence of these phenomena has yet to be studied. In a sample of psychiatrically hospitalised adolescents, we hypothesize that hallucinations will be associated with increased suicidal mental imagery and suicide attempts. This chart review study included data from 219 adolescents admitted to a psychiatric inpatient unit. Adolescents completed an assessment battery probing hallucinations, suicidal cognitions, and suicide attempts. Adolescents with past-month hallucinations had higher rates of past-week suicidal verbal thoughts and suicidal mental imagery, but not suicide attempts, compared to those without hallucinations. Adolescents with hallucinations reported a younger onset of suicidal mental imagery, and they endorsed more frequent imagery. Past-month hallucinations were significantly and positively associated with suicidal mental imagery, beyond the effects of internalising symptoms. Suicidal mental imagery was positively associated with past-week suicide attempts, but past-month hallucinations were not. Our findings indicate that hallucinations are linked to suicidal mental imagery, an important yet under-studied risk factor for suicidal behaviour. These data highlight the need for more research exploring suicidal mental imagery among high-risk adolescents experiencing hallucinations to inform suicide risk assessment and intervention.

Suicidal behavior among Turkish physicians: Associations with negative life-events, psychological distress, and attitudes towards suicide

BackgroundSuicidal behavior among physicians is a significant concern globally, with various factors contributing to increased risk. Physicians in Türkiye are a group facing significant psychological distress due to challenging work conditions, economic instability, and violence in the healthcare system. Understanding the specific risk factors and attitudes contributing to this elevated suicidal behavior can inform the development of targeted interventions and support mechanisms for improving the well-being of physicians in Türkiye. This study aims to investigate suicidal behavior among Turkish physicians and its associations with adverse life events, psychological distress, and attitudes toward suicide. MethodIn the present study, 512 Turkish physicians from diverse demographics and professional backgrounds participated. Suicidal behavior, psychological distress, stressful life events, and attitudes toward suicide were explored through tailored instruments. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify independent risk factors for suicidal behavior. ResultsThe results demonstrated that among Turkish physicians, psychological distress and suicidal behavior were frequent. One in five individuals (22.3%) reported experiencing one of the suicidal behaviors within the past month. Nearly one in ten (8.6%) have attempted suicide at some point in their lives. The average number of suicidal behaviors reported was .48 (SD = 1.1), and the average severity score for suicidal ideation was .51 (SD = 1.2). Young age, single marital status, low social support, psychological distress, the number of stressful life events, and the acceptability of suicide were identified as independent risk factors for suicidal behavior. Having a diagnosis of a psychiatric disorder and the number of stressful life events were factors associated with suicide attempts. ConclusionThe intricate associations between several factors that influence suicidal behavior among Turkish physicians are elucidated by this study. The results highlight the critical need for focused interventions and systems of support within the Turkish healthcare system to deal with this serious public health concern. Future studies and therapeutic practices can better meet the mental health requirements of this vulnerable demographic by considering the complex nature of suicidal behavior among physicians.

Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (CPTSD) is Uniquely Linked to Suicidality Beyond Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in Adults with Childhood Maltreatment: A Multinational Study Across Four Countries

BackgroundSuicide is a leading cause of death worldwide, with childhood maltreatment identified as a significant risk factor for suicidal behavior in adulthood. The link between childhood maltreatment and suicidality is well-documented; however, the role of complex posttraumatic stress disorder (CPTSD), which includes an additional symptom cluster of disturbances in self-organization (DSO) compared to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), remains underexplored. This study aimed to investigate the association between meeting the criteria for ICD-11 PTSD or CPTSD and suicidality in adults with a history of childhood maltreatment across culturally diverse samples. MethodsData were collected across four sites: the United States, the United Kingdom, China, and Malaysia. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R), and International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ) were used to assess childhood maltreatment, suicidality, and PTSD or CPTSD, respectively. Linear regressions were conducted to examine the associations, controlling for demographic variables (age, sex, ethnicity, educational level, and subjective socioeconomic status) as well as the severity of maltreatment (CTQ total scores). ResultsAmong the 1,324 participants who experienced childhood maltreatment, meeting the criteria for CPTSD was significantly associated with higher suicidality compared to not meeting the criteria for either PTSD or CPTSD (B(SE) = 1.68 (0.30), p < .001), or only meeting the criteria for PTSD (B(SE) = 1.38 (0.43), p < .001). In contrast, meeting the criteria for PTSD alone was not significantly associated with suicidality (B(SE) = 0.35 (0.46), p = .45). These associations remained consistent across different cultural settings. ConclusionThe study findings highlight the unique association of CPTSD with suicidality in adults with a history of childhood maltreatment, suggesting that the DSO symptom cluster of CPTSD, which distinguish it from PTSD, play a critical role in the development of suicidality in this population. Targeting these symptoms may be essential for effective intervention strategies. Screening for childhood maltreatment and CPTSD in individuals at risk of suicide is crucial for guiding treatment planning.

Motives for alcohol use across the 24 hours prior to a suicide attempt.

Acute alcohol use is a risk factor for suicidal behavior. This study examined sources of variance (between-person, within-person) in hour-to-hour self-reported alcohol consumption and drinking motives and assessed the interrelations of different motives for alcohol use across the 24 hr preceding a suicide attempt. This multisite study utilized interview data obtained retrospectively from adult patients hospitalized following a suicide attempt. The current analysis examined participants (n = 110) who reported using alcohol within 24 hr of the attempt (Mage = 39.59; 48.2% female, 72.7% White; 4.5% Hispanic/Latinx). Participants reported suicide-facilitative drinking motives using three items from the Suicide Facilitative Drinking Motives Scale and reported typical, nonfacilitative motives using three items from the Drinking Motives Questionnaire-Revised. Data were analyzed using hierarchical linear modeling. Most variance in reported drinking motives occurred between participants, though there was substantial within-person variability. Within-person increases in alcohol use were associated with suicide-facilitative motives for alcohol use, but not nonfacilitative motives. Social and enhancement motives were consistently negatively associated with facilitative motives, while coping motives were positively associated with reported drinking to reduce fear regarding suicide. Results suggest the assessment of motives for alcohol use in at-risk patients may provide key clinical targets (i.e., the function of drinking) for preventing suicidal behavior. When alcohol is consumed for coping motives or used to facilitate suicidal behavior, it is particularly concerning and warrants clinical intervention. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Inpatients with a history of suicide attempts in routine clinical care exhibit specific characteristics regarding sociodemographics, life events, personality, and symptom burden

Research indicates that patients with a lifetime history of suicide attempts are particularly burdened. However, investigations of their characteristics and comparisons with other patients are scarce. This study aimed to fill this research gap, using routine clinical data and guided by theoretical models. Data of N = 706 patients (54.4% women) was collected at the psychosomatic inpatient/day-clinic unit of a German university clinic. It comprised sociodemographic data and information about previous experiences (e.g., childhood abuse and neglect), symptom measures (e.g., the PHQ-9) and individual differences (e.g., the level of personality functioning assessed with the OPD-SQS). Groups were compared using independent t-tests or χ2-tests. Of the total sample, 118 patients (16.7%) reported suicide attempts. Those with a history of suicide attempts were more likely to have a migration background and a lower level of education, smoke (heavily) and use illegal substances. They reported lower levels of personality functioning, more current symptoms and traumatic previous experiences of abuse and neglect. Screening for previous suicidal behavior as well as associated factors can yield valuable information for clinical practice. Many group differences map onto previously observed specific risk factors for suicidal behavior, supporting the conceptual models and underscoring their relevance among clinical populations as well.

Grief Accompanied by Suicidal Thoughts After Traumatic Loss in Adolescent: A Case Report

Grief is a normal process that occurs following the irreversible loss of a loved one. This process, characterized by painful experiences, varies widely and is influenced by numerous factors, including the identity of the deceased, the circumstances of their death, the individual characteristics of the bereaved, and the availability of support systems. The suddenness and violence of a loss can disrupt the normal grieving process, leading to the manifestation of traumatic symptoms. This phenomenon, referred to as “traumatic grief” in the literature, is associated with an increased risk of various psychiatric disorders, including major depression, anxiety disorders, and post-traumatic stress disorder. The death of a parent represents a profound loss for an adolescent, complicating their coping mechanisms and significantly impacting their psychological well-being. Parental loss alone is a significant risk factor for suicidal behavior in adolescents. When a parent’s death is traumatic, it can further exacerbate this risk, leading to suicidal thoughts and behaviors by disrupting the normal grief process, even in adolescents who were previously mentally healthy. This article presents the diagnosis and treatment of a 17-year-old girl who exhibited active suicidal thoughts and behaviors after her father was killed with a firearm. The objective of this case report is to explore the atypical grief symptoms that can follow traumatic losses during adolescence and to assess the effectiveness of holistic approaches that combine supportive psychotherapy with pharmacotherapy in treating such cases.

Level 1 autism spectrum disorder as a risk factor for suicide in a child: case report

Introduction: Suicidal behavior is one in which the individual has thoughts, plans, and actions with the intention of ending their own life. This is a global public health problem. Recently, autism spectrum disorders have begun to be considered risk factor for suicidal behavior in children and adolescents. Method: Case report. Case presentation: A 12-year-old boy who made a suicide attempt, was admitted to the emergency department at Centro Psíquico da Adolescência e Infância. After a period of irregular treatment, this child made a suicide attempt. As an inpatient, autism spectrum disorder with comorbid depressive disorder was diagnosed after longitudinal and systematic assessments of multidisciplinary team. Treatment was performed according to clinical issues. Discussion: This patient had a form of autism spectrum disorder on which core aspects were not so evident. In this child, there was an overlap between depressive symptoms and symptoms of autism spectrum disorder. Despite social isolation being present, this patient proved capable to disguising his condition using techniques of social and behavioral imitation and camouflage with the aim of adapting to social environment. Conclusion: This study emphasizes the importance of longitudinal evaluation and multidisciplinary assessment to differential diagnosis and appropriate treatment. It also opens a window for further investigations of a possible association between autism spectrum disorders and suicidal behavior in youth.

Beyond prediction: a new paradigm for understanding suicide risk

Recent meta-studies have shown that there are no known risk factors for suicidal behavior that could be used for behavior prediction, rendering the classic understanding of high and low risk for suicide questionable. The aim of this manuscript is to propose a new understanding of suicide risk that does not depend on predictive powers. In contrast, the developed Normic account of suicide risk, which is based on a possible world framework rather than probability calculations, suggests that the normalcy of an event determines whether the risk for the event’s occurrence is high or low. I suggest that this normalcy stems from the norms of practical rationality for agents who consider self-killing. The more difficult it is to make sense of possible intentional self-killing, the more abnormal the event is, which renders the event less risky. Consequently, from the Normic account of suicide risk, an individual who has weak or no life-sustaining reasons is at high risk for suicide. In conclusion, although the prediction of suicide is beyond the current scope of clinical psychology, there are still reasonable options for understanding what distinguishes individuals at high risk from those at low risk for suicide.

Risk factors for suicidal behavior in patients hospitalized for adjustment disorders.

Adjustment disorder (AD) is a common psychiatric diagnosis, but it is often considered less severe than other diagnoses. However, it is strongly associated with suicidal behavior. To identify the factors linked to suicidal behavior in patients hospitalized for AD. This is a retrospective, descriptive, and analytical study conducted in the psychiatric department of Mahdia's hospital over a period of nine years. The study included patients who were hospitalized for the first time due to adjustment disorder, according to DSM-5 diagnostic criteria. The study population included 129 patients. AD was prevalent among young (median age 29 years) and female patients (75.2%). Almost half of the cases were single (48.1%) and having a history of suicidal behavior (48.3%). Sixty patients (46.5%) were hospitalized following a suicidal attempt (SA) and drugs were used as a way in half of the cases (50%). Conflicts were the dominant factor precipitating the SA in 88.3% of cases. Factors linked to suicidal behavior in patients with AD were being in an intimate relationship and the presence of family conflicts. Indeed, the risk of suicidal behavior was found to be increased by 3.15 times in patients with AD who experienced family conflicts. Besides, being in an intimate relationship in patients with AD multiplies the risk of suicidal behavior by 5.863. Given the high risk of suicide associated with AD, it is essential to have a more in-depth understanding of the suicidal process and AD through new studies.

Suicide-specific rumination as a predictor of suicide planning and intent

BackgroundSuicide-specific rumination (SSR), that is repetitive negative thinking about suicide, has been proposed as a risk factor for suicidal behavior. Yet, few studies have investigated associations between SSR and suicide intent and planning in a longitudinal study design. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the association between SSR, suicide intent, suicide planning and suicide attempts in a sample of adult outpatients undergoing psychotherapy. MethodData from N = 637 patients (58.4% female, 41.6% male; Mage = 35.81, SDage = 13.50, range: 18–79 years) who started therapy at an outpatient clinic were collected. A subsample of n = 335 patients (n = 335; 56,4% female, 43,6% male; Mage = 35.4, SDage = 13.1, range: 18–73 years) also took part in a post-treatment assessment after twelve therapy sessions. ResultsSSR differentiated lifetime suicide attempters from suicide ideators. Furthermore, SSR was associated with lifetime suicide attempt status above age, sex, suicide ideation, depression, anxiety, and stress. Finally, SSR served as a prospective predictor of both suicide planning and suicide intent. ConclusionThe results emphasize the key role of SSR in understanding the suicidal process.

An examination of the mediating role of maladaptive emotion regulation strategies in the complex relationship between interpersonal needs and suicidal behavior.

Studies have shown that psychological factors, notably interpersonal needs and emotion regulation, play a significant role in suicidal behavior. Interpersonal needs are significant contextual components that affect emotion regulation and contribute to a wide range of dysfunctional behaviors, such as suicidal behavior. It has been postulated that emotion regulation mediates the associations between proximal and distal risk factors of suicidal behavior. The sample consisted of 340 community-dwelling individuals (62.5% women; SD = 0.48) with an age range of 18 through 55 (M = 30.23; SD = 8.54) who completed the interpersonal needs questionnaire, the suicide behaviors questionnaire-revised, and the cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire. The Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) approach was utilized to evaluate a mediation model. The findings indicate that interpersonal needs (i.e., perceived burdensomeness r = .55, p <.01 and thwarted belongingness r = .25, p <.01) and putatively maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies (i.e., self-blame; r = .38, p <.01, catastrophizing; r = .55, p <.01, rumination; r = .40, p <.01, and other blame; r = .44, p <.01) have strong associations with suicidal behavior, and these strategies have a mediating effect on the association between interpersonal needs and suicidal behavior. Our findings show that contextual-interpersonal needs, which underpin suicidal behavior, are significantly influenced by maladaptive emotional processes. Thus, therapeutic outcomes might be enhanced by focusing on the content of the associated cognitions and trying to reduce maladaptive regulatory processes like rumination and catastrophization.

Suicidal behavior and associated factors among holy water users at Northwest, Ethiopia, 2023: an institution based cross-sectional study.

Suicide is a serious cause of mortality that affects families, communities, and the entire country. Because of a lack of national systematic reporting for cause-specific mortality, a high level of stigma, and religious non-acceptance, suicidal behavior is an under-reported and concealed cause of death in the majority of low- and middle-income countries. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of suicidal behavior and associated factors among holy water users at the Andassa Saint George Monastery, 2023. An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted at the Andassa Saint George Monastery from 5 April to 5 May 2023. A systematic random sampling method was utilized to select 423 study participants and the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised was used to assess suicidal behavior. The data were gathered using the epicollect5 software with a face-to-face interview method then exported to SPSS-25 for analysis. A binary logistic regression model was used and all variables in a bivariate analysis with a p-value of less than 0.25 were entered into a multivariable logistic regression model, and statistical significance was declared at a p-value of less than 0.05. The prevalence of suicidal behavior among holy water users was 9.7% (95% CI: 7.1-12.4). Being female [2.632 (1.206-5.748)], living alone [2.52 (1.06-5.97)], and having depression [3.03 (1.32-6.99)], epilepsy [3.82 (1.28-11.40)], and diabetes mellitus [3.37 (1.229-9.25)] were significantly associated with suicidal behavior. In this study, almost 1 in 10 had engaged in suicidal behavior in their lifetime. Several risk factors for suicidal behavior were identified, including being female, living alone, and having diabetes mellitus, epilepsy, and depression.

Pattern and risk factors for suicidal behaviors of people accessing HIV care in Ogun State, Nigeria: a cross-sectional survey

Pattern and risk factors for suicidal behaviors of people accessing HIV care in Ogun State, Nigeria: a cross-sectional survey

Protective and Risk Factors for Suicidal Behaviour in Self-Declared LGBTIQ+ Adolescents

Background: Adolescents who identify as sexual minorities often face social stigmatisation, which can lead to increased adversity and a higher risk of suicidal behaviours. However, there are also protective factors that may promote resilience to these risk behaviours. This study aims to identify factors that predict resilience in sexual minority adolescents with high suicidal vulnerability. Methods: The study sample comprised 78 self-reported LGBTIQ+ adolescents aged between 13 and 18 years old (M = 16.11, SD = 1.56) who had previously attempted suicide. They completed several psychosocial instruments to measure risk and protective variables related to suicidal vulnerability. Results: Entrapment was found to be the most predictive risk variable for suicide attempts. However, protective variables promoting resilience were also found, such as adequate parental communication, life satisfaction, and cognitive reframing. Discussion: The findings related to prevention of suicide attempts are discussed and we highlight the urgent need to enhance certain internal and contextual protective factors to promote resilience in the face of suicidal vulnerability in certain clinical subpopulations exposed to highly adverse situations.

EVALUATION OF SUICIDAL BEHAVIOR AND DEPRESSION, INSIGHT AND DISEASE CHARACTERISTICS IN SCHIZOPHRENIA

Introduction: Suicide is a severe public health issue with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Schizophrenia also has a high suicide incidence, which is one of the main factors contributing to rising morbidity and mortality. For strategies to lower suicide rates, it is essential to understand the risk factors for suicide in people with schizophrenia. By evaluating the relationship between the risk of suicidal behavior and demographic factors, disease characteristics, depression, and insight in schizophrenia patients, in the light of literature information, this study aimed at preventing suicide in schizophrenia and set an example for future studies. Method: This study included 103 schizophrenia patients who underwent follow-up for at least 4 years in a community mental health center (CMHC). The study included patients who had the mental capacity to understand and complete the questionnaires, were not experiencing an acute psychotic attack, and gave their consent to participate. The patients were given the Three Components of Insight Scale (TCIS), Scale for Evaluation of Positive Symptoms in Schizophrenia (SAPS), Scale for Evaluation of Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia (SANS), Calgary Depression Inventory in Schizophrenia (CDIS), and Suicide Behavior Scale (SBS). Results: 47% of patients demonstrated suicidal behavior, and 69% of patients were men. 46% of the group demonstrating suicidal behavior had severe or very severe suicidal ideation. Age and disease duration were revealed to be significant risk factors for suicidal behavior (p=0.033 and p=0.004, respectively), but gender, SBS, CDIS, SANS, SAPS, and TCIS scores had no significant effect. Age and suicidal behavior risk were found to be inversely correlated, with each unit of age increase reducing the risk of suicidal behavior by 0.929 times. The risk of suicidal behavior rises along with the duration of disease. With every one unit increase in the duration of disease, the risk of suicidal behavior increases by 1.133 times. Additionally, the group with severe-very severe suicidal ideation had significantly more severe depression scores than the group with mild-moderate (p=0.01). Discussion: More than half of the patients with schizophrenia who were followed up showed suicidal behavior, and approximately half of the group who had suicidal ideation showed severe suicidal ideation. Suicidal behavior was found to be correlated with age and duration of illness. While suicidal behavior increases age decreases and duration of illness increases.There was no significant correlation between insight, depression, gender, symptom severity and suicidal behavior in this population. In addition, depression scores were found to be statistically significantly higher in the group with severe-very severe suicidal ideation. According to the research, in individuals with schizophrenia who were being monitored, the frequency of suicidal behavior increased along with the severity of depression. Conclusion: It is crucial to identify the risk factors and protective factors for suicide in schizophrenia patients in order to develop interventions for them. Because suicidal behavior is a significant morbidity and mortality factor in schizophrenia.

Exploring Risk Factors of Suicidal Behaviour among Medical Professionals in the UK: A Retrospective Analysis of Online News Portals

Suicide is a significant global health burden. The demanding nature of the healthcare profession, combined with unique stressors and challengses, puts medical professionals at risk of mental health difficulties, including suicidal ideation and attempts. This study aims to investigate suicidal behaviour among medical professionals in the United Kingdom by reviewing online news portals and focusing on the risk factors associated with suicide. Seven online news portals from the UK were purposefully selected for the study, focusing on news reports of suicides among medical professionals. Only English online news portals were chosen, as English is the standard language in the country. Out of the 61 reports, 37.7% of the reported suicides were among males, and 62.3% were among females. The age distribution of the suicide reports revealed that the majority of the cases are within the 20-30 age range (42.6%). Mental health issues and fear of losing their job were also prominent reasons (24.6%). Suicide among healthcare professionals in the United Kingdom has drawn little attention. Suicide is more prevalent in early adulthood and among female professionals. Nurses, doctors, and junior doctors are more likely to commit suicide.

Suicidal behaviour among patients with congestive cardiac failure in a Nigerian teaching hospital.

Suicidal behaviour is an established psychiatric complication of congestive cardiac failure (CCF), contributing significantly to morbidity and death by suicide. The magnitude and risk factors for suicidal behaviour among patients with CCF are yet to be unpacked, especially in developing nations such as Nigeria. To determine the prevalence of suicidal behaviour and the risk factors associated with suicidal behaviour, among patients with CCF in Nigeria. Cardiology outpatient clinic of Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 98 randomly selected patients with a diagnosis of CCF. Participants were assessed with a socio-demographic and clinical factors questionnaire and Beck Scale of Suicidal Ideation. Chi-square test, t-test and logistic regression were used to analyse data. The prevalence of suicidal ideation and suicidal attempt among patients with CCF was 52% and 1%, respectively. No socio-demographic factor was significantly associated with suicidal ideation. Clinical factors associated with suicidal ideation were age at diagnosis (p = 0.042), aetiology of CCF (p = 0.001) and severity of CCF (p = 0.032). Only the severity of CCF (odds ratio [OR] = 20.557, p = 0.014) predicted suicidal ideation among patients with CCF. Suicidal behaviour constitutes a huge burden among the outpatient CCF population. The identification of clinical risk factors for suicidal ideation (age at diagnosis, aetiology and severity of CCF) further illuminates a pathway to mortality among patients with CCF. The findings lend a voice to the need for screening for suicidal behaviour, suicide prevention programmes, surveillance systems and government policies that support mental health for patients with CCF.

Problem orientation as a moderator of the relation between discrimination and passive suicidal ideation

BackgroundPassive suicidal ideation (i.e., the desire to be dead) may be an important, yet understudied, risk factor for suicidal behavior. Experiences of discrimination have been linked to greater severity of suicidal ideation though less work has examined factors that influence this relation. Though not explicitly tested, prior work suggests that problem orientation, defined as an individual's general beliefs about problems in daily life, may be an important moderator of this relation. In the present study, positive and negative problem orientation were hypothesized to moderate the relation between everyday discrimination and past month frequency of passive suicidal ideation. MethodThe study consisted of a diverse (62.4 % non-White; 21.4 % Latino/a/x; 27 % sexual minority) adult sample (N = 392; Mage = 20.24, SD = 2.49, 67.3 % female) recruited from a U.S. Mid-Atlantic college campus. Discrimination, problem orientation, past-month depressive symptoms, and past-month frequency of passive suicidal ideation were assessed using self-report measures. A single path model with Bayesian estimation was used to evaluate concurrent relations among study variables. ResultsAfter controlling for depressive symptoms, sex, sexual identity, and age, positive problem orientation buffered the impact of lifetime discrimination on past month passive suicidal ideation (b = -0.01, 95 % credibility interval [CI]: [-0.008, -0.001]). Negative problem orientation did not moderate this relation (b = 0.00, 95 % CI: [-0.002, 0.003]). LimitationsStudy design was cross-sectional in nature. ConclusionsResults suggest that bolstering positive problem orientation in treatment with young adults who have experienced discrimination may help reduce suicide risk.

Adolescent suicide risk factors and the integration of social-emotional skills in school-based prevention programs.

Adolescents are considered one of the most vulnerable groups affected by suicide. Rapid changes in adolescents' physical and mental states, as well as in their lives, significantly and undeniably increase the risk of suicide. Psychological, social, family, individual, and environmental factors are important risk factors for suicidal behavior among teenagers and may contribute to suicide risk through various direct, indirect, or combined pathways. Social-emotional learning is considered a powerful intervention measure for addressing the crisis of adolescent suicide. When deliberately cultivated, fostered, and enhanced, self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, interpersonal skills, and responsible decision-making, as the five core competencies of social-emotional learning, can be used to effectively target various risk factors for adolescent suicide and provide necessary mental and interpersonal support. Among numerous suicide intervention methods, school-based interventions based on social-emotional competence have shown great potential in preventing and addressing suicide risk factors in adolescents. The characteristics of school-based interventions based on social-emotional competence, including their appropriateness, necessity, cost-effectiveness, comprehensiveness, and effectiveness, make these interventions an important means of addressing the crisis of adolescent suicide. To further determine the potential of school-based interventions based on social-emotional competence and better address the issue of adolescent suicide, additional financial support should be provided, the combination of social-emotional learning and other suicide prevention programs within schools should be fully leveraged, and cooperation between schools and families, society, and other environments should be maximized. These efforts should be considered future research directions.

Descriptive study of suicidal behavior in adult population attended in an emergency department during a one-year period and comparative study with the following annual period

IntroductionSuicide is the most frequent psychiatric emergency. About 1% of all deaths are due to suicide so around 700,000 people commit suicide each year. Suicide attempt is more frequent in women (3:1) while completed suicide is more frequent in men (4:1). Most suicides occur in the 35-64 age range. The severity of a suicide attempt is assessed in terms of method, potential lethality, rescuability and impulsivity. A previous suicide attempt is the main risk factor for suicide behavior. The majority (more than 90%) of suicide behavior are related to an underlying psychopathology, mainly depression and substance abuse, especially alcohol. However, there are also numerous cases of impulsive attempts in the context of life stressors.ObjectivesTo analyze sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of adult patients with suicidal behavior attended in the emergency department during a one-year period. To study the stability of the data obtained in the following annual periodMethodsA retrospective review of the population over 18 years attended in the emergency department during 2022 because of suicidal behavior, was carried out. Data collection for the year 2023 is in progress in order to be able to carry out a comparative study between both annual periods.Results562 patients over 18 years were attended in the emergency department of our hospital due to suicide behavior during 2022. 383 of these patients were women (68.1%) and 179 men (31.9%). with an average age of 38.6 and 42.2 years respectively. The age range between 18 and 25 years accounted for 28.5% of the total cases. The most frequent suicidal behavior was medication overdose with a total of 307 (54.6%), being more frequent in women than in men (2.6:1). The second most frequent reason for attention was suicidal ideation without suicide attempt, with a total of 212 patients (37.7%). 371 patients were discharged home from the emergency department (66%) and 191 required a longer observation in hospital environment. We are awaiting to complete data collection for 2023 to establish a comparison with those described above.ConclusionsAccording to our study, suicidal behavior in adult population is more frequent in women than in men. The most frequent age range in both genders was between 18 and 25 years old. The method most frequently used was medication overdose and suicidal ideation without a suicide attempt was the second most frequent reason of attention. Our patients mostly presented diagnoses of personality disorder, depression and substance use disorder.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared